12,590 research outputs found
Oxycodone for Cancer Pain in Adult Patients
Clinical Question: Is oxycodone associated with greater efficacy and fewer adverse events compared with alternative analgesics for cancer pain?
Bottom Line: Oxycodone was not associated with superior cancer pain relief or fewer adverse effects compared with other strong opioids, such as morphine or oxymorphone. However, the quality of the evidence was low.
Many patients with cancer experience moderate or severe pain requiring treatment with strong opioids. However, not all opioids are well tolerated by all patients. This JAMA Clinical Evidence Synopsis summarizes a published Cochrane review1 that examined the association of oxycodone (any formulation or route of administration) compared with placebo or an active drug (including alternative forms of oxycodone) for treating cancer pain in adults
Bulk phase behaviour of binary hard platelet mixtures from density functional theory
We investigate isotropic-isotropic, isotropic-nematic and nematic-nematic
phase coexistence in binary mixtures of circular platelets with vanishing
thickness, continuous rotational degrees of freedom and radial size ratios
up to 5. A fundamental measure density functional theory, previously
used for the one-component model, is proposed and results are compared against
those from Onsager theory as a benchmark. For the system
displays isotropic-nematic phase coexistence with a widening of the biphasic
region for increasing values of . For size ratios , we
find demixing into two nematic states becomes stable and an
isotropic-nematic-nematic triple point can occur. Fundamental measure theory
gives a smaller isotropic-nematic biphasic region than Onsager theory and
locates the transition at lower densities. Furthermore, nematic-nematic
demixing occurs over a larger range of compositions at a given value of
than found in Onsager theory. Both theories predict the same
topologies of the phase diagrams. The partial nematic order parameters vary
strongly with composition and indicate that the larger particles are more
strongly ordered than the smaller particles
Suspected cancer (part 2—adults): visual overview of updated NICE guidance
This is the final version of the article. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.See part 1 – children
and young adults
www.bmj.com/
content/350/bmj.h3036This is one of a series of BMJ
summaries of new guidelines
based on the best available
evidence; they highlight important
recommendations for clinical
practice, especially where
uncertainty or controversy exists
Suspected cancer (part 1 - Children and young adults): Visual overview of updated NICE guidance
This is the final version of the article. Available from BMJ Publishing Group via the DOI in this record
Assembly bias and the dynamical structure of dark matter halos
Based on the Millennium Simulation we examine assembly bias for the halo
properties: shape, triaxiality, concentration, spin, shape of the velocity
ellipsoid and velocity anisotropy. For consistency we determine all these
properties using the same set of particles, namely all gravitationally
self-bound particles belonging to the most massive sub-structure of a given
friends-of-friends halo. We confirm that near-spherical and high-spin halos
show enhanced clustering. The opposite is true for strongly aspherical and
low-spin halos. Further, below the typical collapse mass, M*, more concentrated
halos show stronger clustering whereas less concentrated halos are less
clustered which is reversed for masses above M*. Going beyond earlier work we
show that: (1) oblate halos are more strongly clustered than prolate ones; (2)
the dependence of clustering on the shape of the velocity ellipsoid coincides
with that of the real-space shape, although the signal is stronger; (3) halos
with weak velocity anisotropy are more clustered, whereas radially anisotropic
halos are more weakly clustered; (4) for all highly clustered subsets we find
systematically less radially biased velocity anisotropy profiles. These
findings indicate that the velocity structure of halos is tightly correlated
with environment.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
An ion trap built with photonic crystal fibre technology
We demonstrate a surface-electrode ion trap fabricated using techniques
transferred from the manufacture of photonic-crystal fibres. This provides a
relatively straightforward route for realizing traps with an electrode
structure on the 100 micron scale with high optical access. We demonstrate the
basic functionality of the trap by cooling a single ion to the quantum ground
state, allowing us to measure a heating rate from the ground state of 787(24)
quanta/s. Variation of the fabrication procedure used here may provide access
to traps in this geometry with trap scales between 100 um and 10 um.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Colloid-Induced Polymer Compression
We consider a model mixture of hard colloidal spheres and non-adsorbing
polymer chains in a theta solvent. The polymer component is modelled as a
polydisperse mixture of effective spheres, mutually noninteracting but excluded
from the colloids, with radii that are free to adjust to allow for
colloid-induced compression. We investigate the bulk fluid demixing behaviour
of this model system using a geometry-based density-functional theory that
includes the polymer size polydispersity and configurational free energy,
obtained from the exact radius-of-gyration distribution for an ideal
(random-walk) chain. Free energies are computed by minimizing the free energy
functional with respect to the polymer size distribution. With increasing
colloid concentration and polymer-to-colloid size ratio, colloidal confinement
is found to increasingly compress the polymers. Correspondingly, the demixing
fluid binodal shifts, compared to the incompressible-polymer binodal, to higher
polymer densities on the colloid-rich branch, stabilizing the mixed phase.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure
Zero-field thermopower of a thin heterostructure membrane with a 2D electron gas
We study the low-temperature thermopower of micron sized, free-standing
membranes containing a two-dimensional electron system. Suspended membranes of
320 nm thickness including a high electron mobility structure in Hall bar
geometry of 34 {\mu}m length are prepared from GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures
grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Joule heating on the central region of the
membrane generates a thermal gradient with respect to the suspension points
where the membrane is attached to cold reservoirs. Temperature measurements on
the membrane reveal strong thermal gradients due to the low thermal
conductivity. We measure the zero-field thermopower and find that the
phonon-drag contribution is suppressed at low temperatures up to 7 K.Comment: 5 page
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