Control of the induced microgravity environment of the Man Tended Free Flyer (MTFF)

Induced disturbance sources have been identified on board the Man Tended Free Flyer (MTFF). Vibration responses at sensitive payload/spacecraft interfaces have been predicted by the application of an empirically found spacecraft dynamic transfer function. Vibrations from fluid loops (Freon, water) and of reaction wheels are assessed to be the main contributors to the induced microgravity environment. The expected payload acceleration response amplitudes presented here are more than one hundred times higher than the admissible values given by the MTFF system requirement, not considering the structural striction-friction effects which could be avoided by appropriate design. Real responses will be significantly lower because the derivation of excitation and transmission functions are based on worst case assumptions. The results indicate that future activities must be concentrated on equipment design improvement and the implementation of vibration reduction along the disturbance transmission path. The activities must be accompanied by early equipment and assembly development tests and transmissibility measurements with the integrated spacecraft engineering and structural models in order to improve the accuracy of payload response predictions

Review: This is All I Choose To Tell

Book Review for Isabelle Pelaud\u27s This is All I Choose to Tel

Aspects of Linguistic Politeness in Serbian. A Data-based Comparison with German

The article investigates forms of address and request behaviour in Serbian as compared to German. It is based on an empirical study with authentic speech data and a survey among na-tive speakers of the two languages. While the corpora of authentic speech data document mainly service encounters and other minimal everyday interactions, the survey aims at reveal-ing the judgements and attitudes of native speakers towards different request strategies. The results point towards the well-known distinction between "solidarity cultures" in the East and "distance cultures" in the West. However, such findings must be treated with caution as other factors seem to influence the range of strategies available in the two languages as well

Goss\u27s Bacterial Wilt Development and \u3ci\u3eClavibacter michiganensis\u3c/i\u3e subsp. \u3ci\u3enebraskensis\u3c/i\u3e Interactions with Spray Adjuvants

Goss’s bacterial wilt and leaf blight of corn (Zea mays L.), causal agent Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis, was first confirmed in Dawson County, NE in 1969. Disease incidence decreased in the 1980’s due to various management strategies and disease developed sporadically until the early 2000’s when it re-emerged and was economically important. A Midwest, multistate survey conducted in 2011 suggested farming practices that may have contributed to the pathogen’s re-emergence. The use of agricultural pesticides was associated with Goss’s wilt. Since spray adjuvants are often used with pesticides, and physical characteristics of these adjuvants may enable infection of the leaf by epiphytic C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis, greenhouse and field studies were conducted to assess the effect of adjuvants on Goss’s wilt severity. A preliminary greenhouse study was conducted to determine if an epiphytic population of C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis could be established and initiate infection. The population became established and disease severity was higher when plants were less mature. To evaluate the effect of adjuvants on disease development with adjuvants, a greenhouse study was established. Adjuvants tested did not cause a consistent increase in disease severity between trials. An inhibition test was designed to determine if spray adjuvants inhibited bacterial growth in vitro at different concentrations. Results showed minimal inhibition at label rate for NIS, and consistent inhibition at 10X label rate for NIS with some inhibition for MSO and COC. Field studies were conducted in southwest Nebraska in 2014 and 2015. Disease severity was lower in adjuvant treatments in 2014. In 2015, no differences for disease severity or systemically infected plants were detected among treatments. These data indicate that spray adjuvants commonly used in corn production are not causing an increase in Goss’s wilt severity. Rather, adjuvants at higher rates may reduce the population of epiphytic C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis to below levels required for infection. Further research is needed before recommending non-label rate of these adjuvants under field conditions. Advisors: Tamra Jackson-Ziems, Greg Kruge

On form and function of politeness formulae

The paper focuses on the notion of politeness formulae as an analytical category in linguistic politeness research. It argues that the current theories of linguistic politeness have neglected politeness formulae, either ignoring the relationship between their semantic, formal and pragmatic make-up or disputing their existence altogether, claiming that the emergence of polite meanings is restricted to singular and concrete contexts. It will be shown, however, that a non-contextual approach to linguistic politeness makes it possible to describe politeness formulae systematically on a pragmatic, semantic, and even formal level. The approach is based on the common ground of all politeness phenomena, namely their function of establishing, maintaining or negotiating relations of social distance

Utilization of bistatic TanDEM-X data to derive land cover information

Forests have significance as carbon sink in climate change. Therefore, it is of high importance to track land use changes as well as to estimate the state as carbon sink. This is useful for sustainable forest management, land use planning, carbon modelling, and support to implement international initiatives like REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation). A combination of field measurements and remote sensing seems most suitable to monitor forests. Radar sensors are considered as high potential due to the weather and daytime independence. TanDEM-X is a interferometric SAR (synthetic aperture radar) mission in space and can be used for land use monitoring as well as estimation of biophysical parameters. TanDEM-X is a X-band system resulting in low penetration depth into the forest canopy. Interferometric information can be useful, whereas the low penetration can be considered as an advantage. The interferometric height is assumable as canopy height, which is correlated with forest biomass. Furthermore, the interferometric coherence is mainly governed by volume decorrelation, whereas temporal decorrelation is minimized. This information can be valuable for quantitative estimations and land use monitoring. The interferometric coherence improved results in comparison to land use classifications without coherence of about 10% (75% vs. 85%). Especially the differentiation between forest classes profited from coherence. The coherence correlated with aboveground biomass in a R² of about 0.5 and resulted in a root mean square error (RSME) of 14%. The interferometric height achieved an even higher correlation with the biomass (R²=0.68) resulting in cross-validated RMSE of 7.5%. These results indicated that TanDEM-X can be considered as valuable and consistent data source for forest monitoring. Especially interferometric information seemed suitable for biomass estimation

Puccinia mariae-wilsoniae and Claytonia virginica: A Pathogen\u27s Tale

Rusts are economically important fungal plant pathogens. For the majority of rust species, complete life history data, including host range, geographic distribution, plant response to the rust, identity of alternate hosts, and mode of sexual reproduction are incomplete. The purpose of this study was to examine the life history of Puccinia mariae-wilsoniae, a rust on Claytonia virginica (spring beauty), and to observe responses in leaf anatomy to its fungal pathogen. Spring beauty is an ephemeral woodland plant that lasts three to four weeks and P. mariae-wilsoniae infects C. virginica almost as soon as the plant emerges from dormancy in Spring. Population studies in March and April, 2012, as well as March and April, 2013, examined the abundance and spread of infection within several populations. Infected leaves, inflorescences, and corms with attached roots were collected, fixed in FAA, stored in 70% ethanol, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and mounted on slides for anatomical study. While the presence of aecia and aeciospores has been reported in other studies, this project has demonstrated the presence of telia and teliospores on C. virginica leaves and inflorescences. Population studies demonstrate that there is not a strong correlation between population density and infection rate at Laursen\u27s Woods and Baber\u27s Woods, but there is a positive correlation at Rocky Branch Nature Preserve. DNA sequencing indicated that the rust infecting C. virginica is P. mariae-wilsoniae, while anatomical studies demonstrated changes in the location of fungal reproductive structures from previous observations with C. virginica

Goss\u27s Bacterial Wilt Development and \u3ci\u3eClavibacter michiganensis\u3c/i\u3e subsp. \u3ci\u3enebraskensis\u3c/i\u3e Interactions with Spray Adjuvants

Goss’s bacterial wilt and leaf blight of corn (Zea mays L.), causal agent Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis, was first confirmed in Dawson County, NE in 1969. Disease incidence decreased in the 1980’s due to various management strategies and disease developed sporadically until the early 2000’s when it re-emerged and was economically important. A Midwest, multistate survey conducted in 2011 suggested farming practices that may have contributed to the pathogen’s re-emergence. The use of agricultural pesticides was associated with Goss’s wilt. Since spray adjuvants are often used with pesticides, and physical characteristics of these adjuvants may enable infection of the leaf by epiphytic C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis, greenhouse and field studies were conducted to assess the effect of adjuvants on Goss’s wilt severity. A preliminary greenhouse study was conducted to determine if an epiphytic population of C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis could be established and initiate infection. The population became established and disease severity was higher when plants were less mature. To evaluate the effect of adjuvants on disease development with adjuvants, a greenhouse study was established. Adjuvants tested did not cause a consistent increase in disease severity between trials. An inhibition test was designed to determine if spray adjuvants inhibited bacterial growth in vitro at different concentrations. Results showed minimal inhibition at label rate for NIS, and consistent inhibition at 10X label rate for NIS with some inhibition for MSO and COC. Field studies were conducted in southwest Nebraska in 2014 and 2015. Disease severity was lower in adjuvant treatments in 2014. In 2015, no differences for disease severity or systemically infected plants were detected among treatments. These data indicate that spray adjuvants commonly used in corn production are not causing an increase in Goss’s wilt severity. Rather, adjuvants at higher rates may reduce the population of epiphytic C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis to below levels required for infection. Further research is needed before recommending non-label rate of these adjuvants under field conditions. Advisors: Tamra Jackson-Ziems, Greg Kruge