Studies on Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) of Borneo XXVI — Schismatoglottis scintillans, a new species with horticultural potential from Sabah, Malaysian Borneo

Schismatoglottis scintillans Scherberich & P. C. Boyce sp. nov., a taxonomic novelty with horticultural potential, is described from Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Schismatoglottis scintillans belongs to the Calyptrata Group by the presence of hapaxanthic shoot modules, but differs from all species hitherto described for this Group by the combination of refractive variegated leaf blades, a pistillate flower zone extensively adnate to the spathe, a staminate flower zone only half exserted from the lower spathe portion, and a bullet-shaped appendix basally abruptly wider than the adjacent top of the staminate flower zone. The new species is keyed out and illustrated from living plants

A bi‐organellar phylogenomic study of Pandanales: inference of higher‐order relationships and unusual rate‐variation patterns

We used a bi‐organellar phylogenomic approach to address higher‐order relationships in Pandanales, including the first molecular phylogenetic study of the panama‐hat family, Cyclanthaceae. Our genus‐level study of plastid and mitochondrial gene sets includes a comprehensive sampling of photosynthetic lineages across the order, and provides a framework for investigating clade ages, biogeographic hypotheses and organellar molecular evolution. Using multiple inference methods and both organellar genomes, we recovered mostly congruent and strongly supported relationships within and between families, including the placement of fully mycoheterotrophic Triuridaceae. Cyclanthaceae and Pandanaceae plastomes have slow substitution rates, contributing to weakly supported plastid‐based relationships in Cyclanthaceae. While generally slowly evolving, mitochondrial genomes exhibit sporadic rate elevation across the order. However, we infer well‐supported relationships even for slower evolving mitochondrial lineages in Cyclanthaceae. Clade age estimates across photosynthetic lineages are largely consistent with previous studies, are well correlated between the two organellar genomes (with slightly younger inferences from mitochondrial data), and support several biogeographic hypotheses. We show that rapidly evolving non‐photosynthetic lineages may bias age estimates upwards at neighbouring photosynthetic nodes, even using a relaxed clock model. Finally, we uncovered new genome structural variants in photosynthetic taxa at plastid inverted repeat boundaries that show promise as interfamilial phylogenetic markers.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/33/cla12417-sup-0025-TableS1.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/32/cla12417-sup-0017-FigS17.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/31/cla12417-sup-0004-FigS4.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/30/cla12417-sup-0019-FigS19.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/29/cla12417-sup-0020-FigS20.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/28/cla12417_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/27/cla12417-sup-0005-FigS5.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/26/cla12417-sup-0012-FigS12.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/25/cla12417-sup-0007-FigS7.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/24/cla12417-sup-0022-FigS22.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/23/cla12417-sup-0029-TableS5.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/22/cla12417-sup-0010-FigS10.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/21/cla12417-sup-0011-FigS11.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/20/cla12417-sup-0014-FigS14.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/19/cla12417-sup-0002-FigS2.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/18/cla12417-sup-0001-FigS1.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/17/cla12417.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/16/cla12417-sup-0030-TableS6.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/15/cla12417-sup-0021-FigS21.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/14/cla12417-sup-0023-FigS23.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/13/cla12417-sup-0009-FigS9.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/12/cla12417-sup-0031-TableS7.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/11/cla12417-sup-0006-FigS6.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/10/cla12417-sup-0003-FigS3.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/9/cla12417-sup-0024-FigS24.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/8/cla12417-sup-0008-FigS8.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/7/cla12417-sup-0028-TableS4.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/6/cla12417-sup-0016-FigS16.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/5/cla12417-sup-0013-FigS13.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/4/cla12417-sup-0018-FigS18.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/3/cla12417-sup-0026-TableS2.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/2/cla12417-sup-0015-FigS15.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162810/1/cla12417-sup-0027-TableS3.pd

Begonia ambanizanensis Scherber. & Duruiss. 2019, sp. nov.

Begonia ambanizanensis Scherber. & Duruiss., sp. nov. (Fig. 2) Begonia ambanizanensis Scherber. & Duruiss., sp. nov. shares with B. antongilensis var. antongilensis the tuberous habit, with sub-caulescent stems, the symmetric, basally rounded to scarcely cordate blades, the number of perianth segments in male and female flowers and dry material have the same typical yellow brown color. It differs however substantially by the sub-orbicular shape of the leaf blade vs ovate-lanceolate in B. antongilensis and the absence of a staminal column. TYPUS. — Madagascar. Analanjirofo region: Masoala Peninsula, Ambanizana, “S Trail” (S of Androka River) climbing into hills SE of Ambanizana, 15°38’S, 49°59’E, 150-700 m, 1.XI.1992, Schatz et al. 3381 (holo-, MO [MO-5567669]!; iso-, P [P06803304]!, TAN!, WAG [WAG.1572957]!). PARATYPES. — Madagascar. Analanjirofo region, Maroantsetra: Mountains NE of village of Ambanizana, along trail across Masoala Peninsula toward Antalaha, 560 m, 20.X.1986, Lowry et al. 4197 (MO [MO-3437123]!, WAG [WAG.1572932]!); Cap Masoala Grand Parc, sources d’Anaovanandrano (confins), 15°36’S, 50°00’E, 630 m, 27.IX.2003, Wohlhauser et al. 658 (G [G00418726]!, WAG [WAG.1572931]!). DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Begonia ambanizanensis Scherber. & Duruiss., sp. nov. is only known from the mountains East of the Ambanizana village (Fig. 1), in dense forest, on moss covered rocks or as an occasional epiphyte on fallen logs, at an altitude of around 150- 630 m. It has been found flowering from September to November. CONSERVATION STATUS. — Although the new species is only known from three collections within the periphery of the Masoala National Park, the two collections with GPS data are separated by a direct line of about 3.6 km. It is obvious that little has been explored of that area within the park, so that we do not know the actual extent of distribution of B. ambanizanensis Scherber. & Duruiss., sp. nov. and if it is common or established as fractioned populations. Furthermore, satellite observations with Google Earth images from July 2014, although a few years old now, do not seem to show deforestation in that part of the park. It is estimated that there is not enough evidence to indicate that the new species might be under threat, therefore a preliminary status “LC” is proposed for now, following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012). DESCRIPTION Tuberous perennial lithophytic herb with short clumping stems and spreading leaves. Tuber Small, 10-25 mm, irregular, strongly adherent. Stem Herbaceous, to 7.5 cm. Internodes short, to 2 cm. Stipules Persistent, the margins entire. Leaves 2-8, somewhat succulent; petiole to 10 cm long, 1-3 mm diam., canaliculate, glabrous, red; blade sub-orbicular 3-11.5 cm long, 3.3-12 cm wide., sub-symmetric, base rounded to cordate, glabrous, medium green on adaxial side, conspicuously paler on abaxial side, drying brown to yellow-brown, with minute darker glands on both sides; venation basally 7-9 palmate, major veins then pinnate with 1-4 secondary veins on each side; midrib and primary lateral veins slightly raised on abaxial side. Inflorescence Monochasial, occasionally dichasial cyme, solitary or sometimes two, axillary, pauciflowered, bisexual, seemingly protandrous but female flower appearing early, longer than leaves, axis 6-13 cm long, 1-2 mm diam.; bracts conspicuous, enclosing buds, 6-14 mm, early deciduous; bracteole absent; perianth segments pink, sometimes paler at apex. Male flower. Perianth segments 4, free, pedicel 10-20 mm; outer perianth segments elliptic-obovate, rounded at apex 7-9.5 × 4-5.5 mm; inner perianth segments elliptic c. 6-7 × 3.3-3.5 mm; stamens 10-12; androecium zygomorphic; filaments free 0.8-1.4 mm; anthers as long or longer than filament, oblong, 1.4-1.7 mm, dehiscent through lateral longitudinal slits; connective not extended, yellow. Female flower. Perianth segments 6, free; pedicel 7.5-12 mm; outer perianth segments elliptic-ovate, apex obtuse, c. 6.5-10 × 4-5 mm; inner perianth segments elliptic-lanceolate c. 6.5- 10 × 3.5-4 mm; ovary 3-winged, unequal, with one wing conspicuously larger than the two others, c. 4-5 mm long vs c. 2 mm long, placentae unknown; styles 3, free, persistent in fruit; stigma reniform, in a band, yellow. Fruit 3-winged dry capsule, nodding, the wings unequal. Seeds Unknown. REMARKS Begonia ambanizanensis Scherber. & Duruiss., sp. nov. is atypical in section Erminea by the absence of a staminal column, a feature it shares only with B. bosseri.Published as part of Scherberich, David & Duruisseau, Jacky, 2019, Three new species of Begonia sect. Erminea (Begoniaceae) from north-east Madagascar, pp. 59-67 in Adansonia (3) (3) 41 (7) on pages 60-62, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2019v41a7, http://zenodo.org/record/460216

Begonia ambodiforahensis Scherber. & Duruiss. 2019, sp. nov.

Begonia ambodiforahensis Scherber. & Duruiss., sp. nov. (Fig. 3) Begonia ambodiforahensis Scherber.& Duruiss., sp.nov.canbecompared to B.erminea with which it shares the distinct red margin and spiculiform hairs on the adaxial side of the leaf blade. It differs however by the narrowly lanceolate shape of the blade, less than 2 cm wide with an acute base, vs an elliptic-ovate blade to 8 cm wide with a broadly cordate base. The new species is also similar to B. nana but it has more leaves (10-20 vs 2-6 in B. nana), which are proportionally longer and narrower, and the latest misses the spiculiform hairs and red margin of the lamina. It could also be compared to the narrow leaf variety of B. antongilensis (B. antongilensis var. cuneata), but that species has conspicuous stems to 10 cm (vs acaulous), glabrous and entire to weakly dentate leaves that typically dries dark brown while B. ambodiforahensis Scherber. & Duruiss., sp. nov. dries yellow-green to green-brown. TYPUS. — Madagascar. Analanjirofo region: Maroantsetra District, Tampolo, Péninsule de Masoala, Ambodiforaha, au Nord de Tampolo, 15°42’35’’S, 49°58’13’’E, 200 m, forêt dense humide, basfond, Mission Radeau des Cimes 2001, 20.X.2001, Labat et al. 3360 (holo-, P [P00340594]!; iso-, G [G00405571]!, K!, MO, TAN, TEF). PARATYPES. — Madagascar. Analanjirofo region: Maroantsetra District, Ambanizana, pente au-dessus de Tampolo, près de la limite du Parc national Masoala, “S: 15.42.180 E: 49.57.713”, 8.XI.2004, Aridy 455 (P [P05619949]!, ZT [ZT-00162682, ZT-00162685, ZT-00162686]!); Ambodiforaha, sur rochers moussus le long de la rivière, 15°42’12”S, 49°58’02”E, 157 m, plant in cultivation in Lyon Botanical Garden under n°150333, originally collected by E. Bouquet and J. Duruisseau, Scherberich 1157 (LYJB!). DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Begonia ambodiforahensis Scherber. & Duruiss., sp. nov. is only known from a small area north of Tampolo, where it can form small colonies on mossy rocks (gneiss), in proximity to rivers, in dense humid forest, at low elevation (45-200 m). Flowering has been observed from October to March but probably extends further. CONSERVATION STATUS. — The new species has a very restricted distribution within the Masoala Peninsula, right on the margin of the Masoala National Park (Fig. 1). Furthermore, satellite images observation with Google Earth indicate anthropomorphic disturbance in the area. Thus, having an area of occupancy which is less than 20 km 2, the conservation status as “Vulnerable” [VUD2] is proposed following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012). DESCRIPTION Tuberous perennial lithophytic herb, acaulescent. Tuber Small, 10-20 mm, irregular, strongly adherent. Stem Absent or very short, to 5 mm. Stipules Persistent, the margins entire. Leaves Numerous, usually 10 to 20, alternate, straight, spreading to pendent; lamina and petiole sparsely minutely orange brown glandular dotted; petiole 1.1-5.5 cm long, 1-2 mm diam., 1.7-4.8 times shorter than lamina, canaliculate, glabrous, red; lamina 2-14 cm long, 3-17 mm wide, narrowly lanceolate, symmetric, 6.5-17.8 times longer than wide, with many spiculiform red hairs to 2.5 mm long between veins on adaxial side, base cuneate to obtuse, apex narrowly acute, margin conspicuously dentate, each tooth ending with a short soft spine, adaxially bright green to yellow-green with a distinct red-brown margin, semi-glossy, abaxially paler; midrib and primary veins barely raised adaxially, conspicuously so on abaxial side; primary lateral veins 3 to 6 pairs, evenly spaced along midrib, remotely branching along margin, the first 1-3 pairs sub-opposite; secondary venation reticulate. Inflorescence Axillary, dichasial at base, monochasial at apex, bisexual, protandrous, with basal male flowers and distal female flower; inflorescence axis 3-8 cm long, 1-2 mm diam.; bracts present at anthesis, eventually caducous, triangular-lanceolate, 4-5.5 mm long, 1.5-1.8 mm wide at base; bracteole absent; perianth segments pink. Male flower. Perianth segments 4, free, pedicel 9-16 mm; outer perianth segments ovate, apex obtuse 6-7 × 4.5-5.5 mm; inner perianth segments elliptic-lanceolate 5-6 × 2.5-2.9 mm, paler than outers; stamens 12-16, yellow; androecium zygomorphic; filaments fused at the base into a column c. 0.8-1 mm long, free part c. 0.5 mm; anthers unilateral, longer than filament, oblong, c. 1.3-1.7 mm, dehiscent through lateral longitudinal slits; connective not extended. Female flower. Perianth segments 6, free; pedicel 10-12 mm; outer perianth segments elliptic-lanceolate, apex obtuse, 7-8 × 3-4.5 mm; inner perianth segments obovate-oblanceolate, 6.5-7 × 2.5-3.5 mm, paler than outers; ovary 3-winged, unequal, with one wing conspicuously larger than the two others, 5-6 mm long vs 2-2.5 mm long, green to red-brown, composed of 3 locules; placentae septal, bi-lamellate; ovules numerous, white; styles 3, free or fused only at the base, pale yellow, persistent in fruit; stigma reniform, in a band, yellow. Fruit 3-winged, nodding, the wings unequal; main wing c. 6-8 × 5-8 mm. Seeds Unknown. REMARKS Begonia ambodiforahensis Scherber.& Duruiss., sp.nov. is present in cultivation in several Botanical Gardens e.g. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Botanicka Zahrada Praha and the Jardin botanique de Lyon as well as in the Collection nationale de Begonia d’Afrique et de Madagascar held by the second author. It is a very attractive species, but has proved difficult to keep on long term, requiring constant, high humidity, combined with good air movement and a very well drained mix.Published as part of Scherberich, David & Duruisseau, Jacky, 2019, Three new species of Begonia sect. Erminea (Begoniaceae) from north-east Madagascar, pp. 59-67 in Adansonia (3) (3) 41 (7) on pages 62-64, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2019v41a7, http://zenodo.org/record/460216

Begonia harimalalae Scherber. & Duruiss. 2019, sp. nov.

Begonia harimalalae Scherber. & Duruiss., sp. nov. (Fig. 4) Begonia harimalalae Scherber. & Duruiss., sp. nov. can be compared to B. erminea but it differs by the much thicker, more numerous (3-8 vs 2-5) and larger (10-15 vs 4-8 cm) leaves, which are glabrous, without spiculiform hairs adaxially and with the margins shallowly and sparsely serrate vs densely biserrate. TYPUS. — Cultivated plant in J. Duruisseau’s (Fig. 5) greenhouse, [originally collected by H. Laporte in the nineties in Madagascar, Analanjirofo region: Makira forest, in the lower basin of the Voloina river, near Vodriana (or Ambodiriana) village (Fig. 1), 15°32’44.5”S, 49°33’02”E, 175 m], 28.XI.2016, Scherberich 1153 (holo-, LYJB!; iso-, P!; TAN!). DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Known only from a single collection at the eastern border of the Makira Natural Park in north-east Madagascar, in the lower basin of the Voloina river, near Vodiriana (or Ambodiriana) village, where it grows in scattered primary forest remains or old secondary forest, on rocky (gneiss) slopes, in a population with few individuals, at low elevation, around 100-200 m. CONSERVATION STATUS. — The Makira Natural Park is one of the largest protected areas of Madagascar, with a surface of 3850 km 2. This park was entirely covered with rainforest vegetation before significant deforestation occurred along the east border, an inhabited area with many villages. Considering that the new species has an area of occupancy estimated to be less than 10 km 2, that is known to exist at only a single location, with a continuous decline of habitat due to deforestation, the conservation status as “Vulnerable” [VUD2] is proposed following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012). ETYMOLOGY. — The newly described species honors Paul Clément Harimalala, our guide from Maroantsetra and the Northeast area of Madagascar. Paul Clément was also the guide of Henri Laporte, who discovered and introduced into cultivation many species from Madagascar including Begonia harimalalae Scherber. & Duruiss., sp. nov. in the nineties. DESCRIPTION Tuberous perennial lithophytic herb with short upright stems, 10-25 cm high. Tuber 20-30 mm, irregular, rather flat, gnarled, strongly adherent on rock. Stem Fleshy herbaceous, glabrous, red with white tiny lenticels, 10- 20 mm long, 5 mm diam. Stipules persistent, membranous, green, translucent, nearly triangular, acuminate, the margin entire, 4 × 1 mm. Leaves 3-8(-15), alternate, spreading, straight; petiole nearly as long as the blade, slightly canaliculate, 5-8 cm long, 2-4 mm diam., green tainted red, glabrous; blade sub-symmetrical, entire, thickly fleshy to succulent, ovate-lanceolate to sub-trullate, 10-15 cm long, 3-10 cm wide, base obtuse to rounded, apex long acuminate, glabrous; margin markedly dentate in upper two-third, teeth acuminate sometimes ending with a short mucro, adaxially bright green with a distinct dark red margin and sparse 1-2 mm small dark red spots between veins, semi-glossy, adaxially paler; venation pinnate, midrib and primary veins very prominent adaxially, concolorous, tainted red-brown; primary lateral veins 3-4 pairs, evenly spaced along midrib, remotely branching near margin, the first pair subopposite, the following ones usually alternate but sometimes sub-opposite; secondary venation indistinct. Inflorescence Axillary, dichasial, pauciflowered, bisexual, protandrous with basal male flowers and 1-2 distal female flowers; inflorescence axis 10-15 cm long, 3 mm diam., green, tainted red at base, glabrous; bracts present at anthesis, eventually caducous, elliptic, 3 × 5 mm, membranous, very light yellow green to red brown; bracteole absent; perianth segments white to pink. Male flower. Perianth segments 4, free, pedicel 10-18 mm; outer perianth segments obovate, apex obtuse, 15 × 5-8 mm, markedly bicolorous, basally white, upper part and margins contrasting deep pink; inner perianth segments ellipticlanceolate to oblanceolate, 6 × 12 mm, white; stamens 12-18, yellow; androecium zygomorphic; filaments fused at the base into a column c. 1 mm long, free part c. 1 mm; anthers unilateral, longer than filaments, oblong, c. 2-3 mm, dehiscent through lateral longitudinal slits; connective not extended. Female flower. Perianth segments 6, free; pedicel 12-15 mm; outer perianth segments obovate, apex obtuse, c. 6 × 12 mm, deep pink at apex, paler towards base; inner perianth segments obovate-oblanceolate, c. 5 × 11 mm, paler than outers, pale pink to white; ovary 3-winged, unequal, with one wing conspicuously larger than the two others, c. 8 mm long, green to red-brown, composed of 3 locules; placentae septal, bi-lamellate; ovules numerous; styles 3, fused at the base to about half length, bifid, pale yellow, persistent in fruit; stigma reniform, in a band, yellow. Fruit 3-winged, dry capsule, nodding, the wings unequal. Seeds Unknown.Published as part of Scherberich, David & Duruisseau, Jacky, 2019, Three new species of Begonia sect. Erminea (Begoniaceae) from north-east Madagascar, pp. 59-67 in Adansonia (3) (3) 41 (7) on pages 64-66, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2019v41a7, http://zenodo.org/record/460216

Arisaema brinchangense Y.W. Low, Scherberich & G. Gusman (Araceae), a new threatened species endemic to the Cameron Highlands (Peninsular Malaysia)

The new species is similar to Arisaema anomalum Hemsl. but differs by the morphology of its spathe. It is placed under Arisaema sect. Anomalum Gusman & L. Gusman based on morphological and growth characters, the latter observed in the field and unique to that section. Arisaema brinchangense is endemic to the Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia, and is assessed as "Critically Endangered" following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria due to habitat loss.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Fig. 1 in Begonia henrilaportei Scherber. & J. Duruisseau (Begoniaceae), a new endemic species from the Masoala peninsula, Madagascar

Fig. 1 – Distribution of Begonia henrilaportei Scherber. & J. Duruisseau (white stars) in the Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar plotted on a map of forest cover in 2000 (grey) following Harper et al. (2007)

Bioreactor-based roadmap for the translation of tissue engineering strategies into clinical products

Despite the compelling clinical need to regenerate damaged tissues/organs, impressive advances in the field of tissue engineering have yet to result in viable engineered tissue products with widespread therapeutic adoption. Although bioreactor systems have been proposed as a key factor in the manufacture of standardized and cost-effective engineered products, this concept appears slow to be embraced and implemented. Here we address scientific, regulatory and commercial challenges intrinsic to the bioreactor-based translation of tissue engineering models into clinical products, proposing a roadmap for the implementation of a new paradigm. The roadmap highlights that bioreactors must be implemented throughout product development, allowing scientific, medical, industrial and regulatory parties to address basic research questions, conduct sound pre-clinical studies and ultimately facilitating effective commercialization of engineered clinical products