National survey of occupational therapy managers in mental health

This study, part of the College of Occupational Therapists' Mental Health Project, surveyed occupational therapy managers in mental health to gather data about them, the services they managed and their opinions on current and future issues of importance. A questionnaire was sent to the 184 managers who it was believed worked in mental health and it achieved a 65.2% response rate. The majority of the 120 respondents were female, with Head II therapists between the ages of 31 and 40 forming the largest group. Two-thirds had additional qualifications and 71% had worked in mental health for more than 11 years. In addition to managing occupational therapy services, 86% carried a caseload or managed other services. Aspects of professional management were ranked highest in a list of tasks undertaken. Contradictions were noted in the managers' opinions on recruitment and retention of staff and the importance of staff supervision. The managers displayed commitment to the principles and philosophy of occupational therapy and a determination to demonstrate its effectiveness through research and evidence-based practice. This study contributed to the position paper on the way ahead for occupational therapy in mental health (Craik et al 1998a) and provided information for occupational therapy managers to assist them to review their role

College of occupational therapists: Position paper on the way ahead for research, education and practice in mental health

The future of occupational therapy in mental health has been a topic of reflection and debate. The Education and Research Board (now the Education and Practice Board) of the College of Occupational Therapists created a Working Group to develop a position paper on the way ahead for research, education and practice in mental health. Following consultation, the Working Group reviewed literature, examined current research and surveyed practitioners, managers and educators. From these findings, recommendations have been made which will lead to a firmer evidence base for the practice of occupational therapy in mental health, leading to a more effective use of the expertise of occupational therapists and an improved service for users

The role of the social service department in a community hospital

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

The role of the social service department in a community hospital

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

Hydroxyl Damage in Silica: Full-range description including large damages

When water diffuses into silica glass it reacts chemically with the glass forming nanometre sized pores that change the physical properties of the glass. In earlier papers and reports, we discussed the effect of water/silica reaction on the strength via volume swelling, and showed by use of damage mechanics that the water reaction reduces Young’s modulus E and intrinsic strength in thin surface layers. In this paper, the dependency between hydroxyl concentration and damage will be derived for the full damage range by using experimental results from literature. For small water concentrations, we used sound velocity measurements from literature. The suggested relations describe the dependence between the hydroxyl concentration and the Young’s modulus for the damaged glass and allow the strength decrease due to hydroxyl generation to be computed. From an example of application, it can be concluded that damage by hydroxyl generation has little effect on strength even in the case of completely damaged surface region so far the water-affected surface zone is much thinner than the bulk material

Effect of torsion loading on swelling in silica

Water reacting with silica causes the generation of hydroxyl SiOH accompanied by a volume or swelling expansion. The principle of LeChatelier ensures that the hydroxyl concentration increases with increasing externally applied stresses. From literature it becomes obvious that (a) the hydroxyl concentration must depend on the multi-axiality of the applied stresses, and (b) that the swelling effect is anisotropic. Based on Finite Element results it can be shown that for instance under torsion loading a strong stress-enhancement of the water/silica reaction with increased hydroxyl content must occur although this stress state shows a disappearing hydrostatic stress term. Due to the disappearing hydrostatic stress term under torsion loading, no mechanical effect would have been expected in torsion tests. Seen from this point of view, the torsion test seems ideal to us to provide evidence of anisotropic swelling. Further effects that can also influence the torsion test are addressed in the Appendix

Crack-tip shielding in silica at room temperature

When water penetrates into silica surfaces near a crack tip, it reacts with the SiO$_{2}$ network and generates hydroxyl $\equiv$SiOH. Due to the hydroxyl generation, the glass must expand. Since a free expansion is not possible for the thin layers on the undeformed bulk material, compressive stresses occur which shield the crack-tip region from externally applied tensile load. The consequence is a fracture mechanics shielding stress intensity factor K$_{sh}$<0. So far we only determined the shielding stress intensity factor from theoretical considerations on water diffusion und the high tensile stresses at crack tips. Since water concentration measurements on crack surfaces of uncritically driven cracks are available in literature, we determine the shielding term Ksh from experimental data. This evaluation is done with and without consideration of damaging the initial ring network by hydroxyl generation. It can be concluded that the shielding stress intensity factor is clearly overestimated, when crack-tip damage is ignored. Finally, it is illustrated in which way the shielding stress intensity factor influences the v-K-curve for subcritical crack growth

Mass Transfer of Water at Silica Surfaces - Extension of the data base to lower temperatures

In two previous reports we have dealt with the description of the time dependence of the water content at the surface of silicate glass by mass transfer (SWP 73 and SWP 94). Literature measurements in the range of 200°C100°C. Measurements by Helmich&Rauch serve as a basis. A step change in the mass transfer coefficient is found at 200°