Correction: Schelfhout, S.; et al. Tree Species Identity Shapes Earthworm Communities. Forests 2017, 8, 85

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Pintura dels Països Baixos en el MOBAT (Xile)

Traiem a la llum la col·lecció de pintura flamenca i holandesa que es conserva en el MOBAT a Xile, un dels espais culturals més reeixits del país clausurat des dels inicis del 2010. Un conjunt d’obres gairebé desconegudes fins ara que agrupem i donem un major sentit com a pintures de temàtica religiosa, mitològica o de gènere d’autors coneguts i d’altres d’anònimes

Modeling reactive magnetron sputtering : opportunities and challenges

The complexity of the reactive magnetron sputtering process is demonstrated by four simulation examples. The examples, commonly encountered during the application of this process for thin film deposition, are described by a numerical model for reactive sputter deposition. A short description of the current model precedes these case studies. In the first example, redeposition of sputtered atoms on the target is studied by its effect on the hysteresis behavior often observed during reactive sputtering. Secondly, the complexity of current-voltage characteristics during reactive magnetron sputtering is treated. The influence of substrate rotation and the pulsing of the discharge current illustrate the time dependence of the reactive sputtering process. As a conclusion, the two main challenges for a further improvement of the model are discussed

Relativas livres transparentes em português: algumas reflexões sintáticas

The goal of this paper is to analyse the syntax of a group of free relatives called "transparent free relatives" (TFR) in European Portuguese. Starting from several properties, we will argue in favour of the hypothesis that the "pivot" of TFR is the wh word and not the predicate of the free relative (FR). Such morpheme is the invariable constituent o que, the most unspecified of wh morphemes in Portuguese. As in all FR, there is a null D (or a D occupied by a determiner) that selects a CP complement, which makes it unnecessary to propose a null antecedent pro. In order to explain the invariable and inseparable o que, we follow Medeiros Júnior (2016), for whom this morpheme is the result of reanalysis in Contemporary European Portuguese. We also develop the idea that they always involve a small clause expressed by a copulative verb, mainly ser 'to be', they are therefore predicative and they are, most of the times, indefinite, but they also may contain a definite expression, as already argued for Portuguese by Ferreira (2007)

Landscape painting adding a cultural value to the Dutch countryside

In this article it is argued that cultural values should be included in policy making on the Dutch countryside. Since the seventeenth century the Dutch landscape had been a valued subject for art painters. This inheritance provides our rural areas a unique cultural value. The focus of this article is the region surrounding The Hague, where painters from the so-called Hague School had brought a large number of sites to their canvases. This group of painters was mainly active in the second half of the nineteenth century. For this study, various sites have been located that had been painted by members of The Hague School. For these sites, the ancient paintings will be presented, as well as the views of the current situation. From comparing the scenery on the painting with current situation it follows that much of the nineteenth century rural landscapes of The Hague nowadays have been eroded by urbanisation. During the last few decades a lot of these sites have disappeared. However, some of the located sites have not changed much since the moment they have been painted, and a few are still virtually identical to the scenes in the old paintings. It follows that protecting this specific cultural aspect of the Dutch countryside is an urgent matter that should be put on the agenda of landuse policy-making as soon as possible

European Economic and Monetary Union: Transitional Issues and Third-Stage Dilemmas. European Policy Papers #4

This paper considers two kinds of issues facing EMU. One concerns qualifications and membership: how qualifications are evaluated and which member states are likely to meet the criteria set for membership in the third stage of EMU in 1999. The other concerns the capacity of member states, individually and collectively, to deal with economic policy after the advent of the third stage. In particular, will they be able to address the long-term problems of low growth and high unemployment that afflict so much of Europe? In regard to the first issue, the paper suggests, for supporters of EMU, some reason for optimism. It is very likely that the third stage of EMU will begin on the first day of 1999 and also that the "euro-zone" that comes into being on that day will, in all likelihood, include a large number of member states - almost certainly as many as 8 and probably as many as 10 or 11. On the second issue - the capacity of EMU to address the long-term problems of low growth and high unemployment - the paper suggests some reason for concern and pessimism. Most of the member states participating in the third stage of EMU are likely to continue experiencing low growth and high unemployment. Neither monetary policy nor exchange rate policy is likely to be applied so as to generate any significant increase in the long-term rate of economic growth or any decrease in the high levels of unemployment that now exist in most of the likely "euro-zone" members. Moreover, the Treaty creates no institutional capacity for collective action in economic policy that might enable the member states participating in EMU to redress those problems, and there seems to be little desire in the EU as a whole to create that institutional capacity