Diurnal Temperature Range Variability due to Land Cover and Airmass Types in the Southeast

This study examines the relationship between diurnal temperature range (DTR) and land use/land cover (LULC) in a portion of the Southeast. Temperature data for all synoptically weak days within a 10-yr period are gathered from the National Climatic Data Center for 144 weather stations. Each station is classified as one of the following LULC types: urban, agriculture, evergreen forest, deciduous forest, or mixed forest.Athreeway analysis of variance and paired-sample t tests are used to test for significant DTR differences due to LULC, month, and airmass type. The LULC types display two clear groups according to their DTR, with agricultural and urban areas consistently experiencing the smallest DTRs, and the forest types experiencing greater DTRs. The dry air masses seem to enhance the DTR differences between vegetated LULC types by emphasizing the differences in evapotranspiration. Meanwhile, the high moisture content of moist air masses prohibits extensive evapotranspirational cooling in the vegetated areas. This lessens the DTR differences between vegetatedLULC types, while enhancing the differences between vegetated land and urban areas. All of the LULC types exhibit an annual bimodal DTR pattern with peaks in April and October. Since both vegetated and nonvegetated areas experience the bimodal pattern, this may conflict with previous research that names seasonal changes in evapotranspiration as the most probable cause for the annual trend. These findings suggest that airmass type has a larger and more consistent influence on the DTR of an area than LULC type and therefore may play a role in causing the bimodal DTR pattern, altering DTR with the seasonal distribution of airmass occurrence

Toward Increased Utilization of Historical Hurricane Chronologies

The record of past tropical cyclones provides an important means to evaluate the hurricane hazard. Historical chronologies are a source of information about tropical cyclones prior to the modern era. Chenoweth (2006) describes an archive of 383 tropical cyclones occurring during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, largely before the official hurricane record. The present study demonstrates a novel way this archive can be used to articulate historical tropical cyclone activity across space. First, an event in the archive is assigned a series of latitude/longitude coordinates approximating the descriptive locations of the cyclone’s affect. Second, tropical cyclones from the modern record that approach these locations (modern analogs) are mapped. Third, a probable pathway and a realistic track of the archived event is created by averaging the modern analog tracks. As an example, the procedure is used to generate a map showing the tracks of the Atlantic tropical cyclones of 1766. Sensitivity of the methodology to changes in event location and event timing are considered. The study shows that historical hurricane chronologies when combined with a history of cyclone tracks can provide useful information about the older events that is not directly related to where the original information was gathered. When this information is available for all cyclones it should help climatologists better understand long-term variations in tropical cyclone activity

Effectivity of intravescical thermo-chemotherapy prophylaxis for patients with high recurrence and progression risk for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Background&Aim: High grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is common in urological practice. Most of these cancers are or become refractory to intravesical immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Here we evaluated the efficacy of combined local bladder hyperthermia and intravesical mitomycin-C (MMC) instillation in patients with high-risk recurrent NMIBC. Materials and methods: Between February 2014 and December 2015, 18 patients with high risk NMIBC were enrolled. Patients were treated in an outpatient basis with 6 weekly induction sessions followed by monthly maintenance sessions with intravesical MMC in local hyperthermia with bladder wall thermo-chemotherapy (BWT) system (PelvixTT system, Elmedical Ltd., Hod Hasharon, Israel). The follow-up regimen included cystoscopy after the induction cycle and thereafter with regular intervals. Time to disease recurrence was defined as time from the first intravesical treatment to endoscopic or histological documentation of a new bladder tumour. Adverse events were recorded according to CTC 4.0 (Common Toxicity Criteria) score system. Results: Mean age was 72 (32-87) years. 10 patients had multifocal disease, 9 had CIS, 6 had recurrent disease and 2 had highly recurrent disease (> 3 recurrences in a 24 months period). 6 patients underwent previous intravesical chemotherapy with MMC. The average number of maintenance sessions per patient was 7.6. After a mean follow-up of 433 days, 15 patients (83.3%) were recurrence-free. 3 patients had tumour recurrence after a mean period of 248 days without progression. Side effects were limited to grade 1 in 2 patients and grade 2 in 1 patient. Conclusions: BWT seems to be feasible and safe in high grade NMIBC. More studies are needed to identify the subgroup of patients who may benefit more from this treatment

Carolina Forum: Western North Carolina: Destruction or Protection?; Computers and Cultural Resources: A Planning Perspective; A Balanced Approach to Industrial Development

This edition of Carolina Forum includes the following: WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA: DESTRUCTION OR PROTECTION? As coordinator of the Western North Carolina Mountain League and founder of the Save Joyce Kilmer League, I would like to take this opportunity to present a most interesting and pressing problem in regional planning. COMPUTERS AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: A PLANNING PERSPECTIVE: Under the auspices of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 and the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966, applicants for federal funds for planning or development must evaluate the effects of their activities on significant cultural resources*. When cultural resource data are not readily available to project planners, or are not incorporated into the planning process in its early stages, problems and project delays often result. A BALANCED APPROACH TO INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT: Trying to plan for economic growth in a free economy is like trying to herd a covey of flushed quail. At best, you move it in a general direction. Happily, North Carolina does have strong economic growth these days, and what once was nicknamed "Tobacco Road" is now hailed the bustling "Sunbelt." The state has enjoyed a steady increase in new capital investments for the past three years, and 1978 continues the trend. Governor Jim Hunt has emphasized economic development in his administration, and he has engaged the state in an ambitious effort to develop a "balanced growth" policy

Perspectives on synoptic climate classification and its role in interdisciplinary research

Synoptic climatology has a long history of research where weather data are aggregated and composited to gain a better understanding of atmospheric effects on non-atmospheric variables. This has resulted in an applied scientific discipline that yields methods and tools designed for applications across disciplinary boundaries. The spatial synoptic classification (SSC) is an example of such a tool that helps researcher bridge methodological gaps between disciplines, especially those studying weather effects on human health. The SSC has been applied in several multi-discipline projects, and it appears that there is ample opportunity for growth into new topical areas. Likewise, there is opportunity for the SSC network to be expanded across the globe, especially into mid-latitude locations in the southern hemisphere. There is some question of the utility of the SSC in tropical locations, but such decisions must be based on the actual weather data from individual locations. Despite all of the strengths and potential uses of the SSC, there are some research problems, some locations, and some datasets for which it is not suitable. Nevertheless, the success of the SSC as a cross-disciplinary method is noteworthy because it has become a catalyst for collaboration

Volume 05

Introduction from Dean Dr. Charles Ross The Tallis House as an Extension of Emily Tallis in McEwan\u27s Atonement by Ian Karamarkovich Graphic Design by Jessica Cox Graphic Design by Kyle Fowlkes Graphic Design by Allison Pawlowski Incorporating Original Research in The Classroom: A Case Study Analyzing the Influence of the Chesapeake Bay on Local Temperatures by Kaitlin Major, Carrie Dunham and Dr. Kelsey Scheitlin Graphic Design by Kathryn Grayson Graphic Design by Ashley Johnson Facing the Music: Environmental Impact Assessment of Building A Concert Hall on North Campus by Jennifer Nehrt, Kelsey Stolzenbach And Dr. Kelsey Scheitlin Art by Kristin McQuarrie Art by Sara Nelson Art by Melisa Michelle Prosocial Behavior as a Result of Prosocial Music by Jessica Sudlow Graphic Design by Perry Bason Graphic Design by Danielle Dmuchawski Graphic Design by Mariah Asbell Graphic Design by Matthew Sakach Identifying Pathogenic Salmonella Serotypes Isolated from Prince Edward County, VA Waterways via Mutiplex PCR Analysis by Timothy Smith, Jr. Art by Annaliese Troxell Art by T. Dane Summerell Development of Salicylidene Anilines for Application in the High School Laboratory by Sarah Ganrude Graphic Design by Malina Rutherford Graphic Design by Hannah Hopper, and Matthew Sakach Because That\u27s What Daddies Do: Effects of Fathering Patterns on Son\u27s Self and Gender Identities by John Berry, Jr. Graphic Design by James Early Graphic Design by Colleen Festa The Influence of Tropical Cyclones on Chesapeake Bay Dead Zones by Chelsea D. Taylor and Dr. Kelsey Scheitlin Graphic Design by Michelle Maddox Graphic Design by Kaitlyn Smith Graphic Design by Sarah Schu Graphic Design by Perry Bason, Cabell Edmunds, Katherine Grayson, Matthew Sakach, and Kayla Torna

Netzwerk ohne Staus und Kollisionen

Der Artikel beschreibt die Funktionsweise von ETHERNET Powerlink und untermauert die spezifizierten Daten mit konkreten Messungen mit Hilfe des am Institut InES entwickelten hochauflösenden Messgerätes