Near real-time CO₂ fluxes from CarbonTracker Europe for high resolution atmospheric modeling

We present the CarbonTracker Europe High-Resolution system that estimates carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange over Europe at high-resolution (0.1 x 0.2°) and in near real-time (about 2 months latency). It includes a dynamic fossil fuel emission model, which uses easily available statistics on economic activity, energy-use, and weather to generate fossil fuel emissions with dynamic time profiles at high spatial and temporal resolution (0.1 x 0.2°, hourly). Hourly net biosphere exchange (NEE) calculated by the Simple Biosphere model Version 4 (SiB4) is driven by meteorology from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis 5th Generation (ERA5) dataset. This NEE is downscaled to 0.1 x 0.2° using the high-resolution Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE) land-cover map, and combined with the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) fire emissions to create terrestrial carbon fluxes. An ocean flux extrapolation and downscaling based on wind speed and temperature for Jena CarboScope ocean CO2 fluxes is included in our product. Jointly, these flux estimates enable modeling of atmospheric CO2 mole fractions over Europe. We assess the ability of the CTE-HR CO2 fluxes (a) to reproduce observed anomalies in biospheric fluxes and atmospheric CO2 mole fractions during the 2018 drought, (b) to capture the reduction of fossil fuel emissions due to COVID-19 lockdowns, (c) to match mole fraction observations at Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) sites across Europe after atmospheric transport with the Transport Model, version 5 (TM5) and the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT), driven by ERA5, and (d) to capture the magnitude and variability of measured CO2 fluxes in the city centre of Amsterdam (The Netherlands). We show that CTE-HR fluxes reproduce large-scale flux anomalies reported in previous studies for both biospheric fluxes (drought of 2018) and fossil fuel emissions (COVID-19 pandemic in 2020). After transport with TM5, the CTE-HR fluxes have lower root mean square errors (RMSEs) relative to mole fraction observations than fluxes from a non-informed flux estimate, in which biosphere fluxes are scaled to match the global growth rate of CO2 (poor-person inversion). RSMEs are close to those of the reanalysis with the data assimilation system CarbonTracker Europe (CTE). This is encouraging given that CTE-HR fluxes did not profit from the weekly assimilation of CO2 observations as in CTE. We furthermore compare CO2 observations at the Dutch Lutjewad coastal tower with high-resolution STILT transport to show that the high-resolution fluxes manifest variability due to different sectors in summer and winter. Interestingly, in periods where synoptic scale transport variability dominates CO2 variations, the CTE-HR fluxes perform similar to low-resolution fluxes (5–10x coarsened). The remaining 10 % of simulated CO2 mole fraction differ by > 2ppm between the low-resolution and high-resolution flux representation, and are clearly associated with coherent structures ("plumes") originating from emission hotspots, such as power plants. We therefore note that the added resolution of our product will matter most for very specific locations and times when used for atmospheric CO2 modeling. Finally, in a densely-populated region like the Amsterdam city centre, our fluxes underestimate the magnitude of measured eddy-covariance fluxes, but capture their substantial diurnal variations in summer- and wintertime well. We conclude that our product is a promising tool to model the European carbon budget at a high-resolution in near real-time. The fluxes are freely available from the ICOS Carbon Portal (CC-BY-4.0) to be used for near real-time monitoring and modeling, for example as a-priori flux product in a CO2 data-assimilation system. The data is available at https://doi.org/10.18160/20Z1-AYJ2

JRC – Ispra Atmosphere – Biosphere – Climate Integrated monitoring Station : 2011 report

The Institute for Environment and Sustainability provide long-term observations of the atmosphere within international programs and research projects. These observations are performed from the research infrastructure named ABC-IS: Atmosphere-Biosphere-Climate Integrated monitoring station. Most measurements are performed at the JRC-Ispra site. Observations are also carried out from two other platforms: the forest station in San Rossore, and a ship cruising in the Western Mediterranean sea. This document reports about measurement programs, the equipment which is deployed, and the data quality assessment for each site. Our observations are presented, compared to each other, as well as to historical data obtained over the past 25 years at the Ispra site.JRC.H.2-Air and Climat

Ambient atmospheric methane observations from the ICOS/InGOS network 2000-2013

This dataset for historic ambient CH4 mole fractions is an important outcome of the FP7 InGOS project (http://www.ingos-infrastructure.eu, Grant Agreement Number 284274). Data from 20 stations have been reprocessed for the period 2000-2013; in some cases involving re-integration of chromatograms and in all cases recalibrating the time series using updated assigned values for standard gases and target gases, All data have been brought to the same concentration scale (NOAA 2004). Data have been flagged for identified periods with instrumental or sampling problems. Next to added estimations for measurement uncertainty based on repeatibility of the working standards also error estimates are added that represent uncertainty due to lab internal scale consistency, monthly reproducibility, scale transfer and where available comparison with concurrent flask sampling. More documentation can be found on https://ingos-atm.lsce.ipsl.fr/do

Drought-2018 CO2 molar fraction product from Lutjewad

Public release of the observational data product for atmospheric CO2 molar fraction at Lutjewa

mamenoud/CH4-Lutjewad-2016-2017: Final release

Data associated with the article: Menoud, M., van der Veen, C., Scheeren, B., Chen, H., Szénási, B., Morales, R.P., Pison, I., Bousquet, P., Brunner, D., Röckmann, T., 2020. Characterisation of methane sources in Lutjewad, The Netherlands, using quasi-continuous isotopic composition measurements. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 72, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/16000889.2020.182373

Multi-laboratory compilation of atmospheric methane data for the year 2019; obspack_ch4_1_NRT_v2.0_2020-04-28

A full list of all contributors for this product can be found at www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/obspack/providerlist/obspack_ch4_1_NRT_v2.0_2020-04-28.html This product is constructed using the Observation Package (ObsPack) framework [Masarie et al., 2014; www.earth-syst-sci-data.net/6/375/2014/]. The framework is designed to bring together atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) observations from a variety of sampling platforms, prepare them with specific applications in mind, and package and distribute them in a self-consistent and well-documented product. ObsPack products are intended to support GHG budget studies and represent a new generation of cooperative value-added GHG data products

A top-down assessment of CO2 and CH4 atmospheric variability and emission sources in the Aix-Marseille metropolis area, France.

International audienceThe Aix-Marseille metropolis is the second most populated urbanized area of France. It aims at reaching carbon neutrality in 2050. Located in the south-east of France under a Mediterranean climate, this area is known as a hot-spot regarding climate change. Its west part is strongly industrialized. The local air quality monitoring agency  ATMOSUD delivers a high resolved greenhouse gas emissions inventory that represents the reference for local stakeholders in matter of emissions trajectory. However, this inventory is still quite uncertain and requires independent assessments. In this aim, in the framework of the ANR COoL-AMmetropolis projet (2019-2025) we set-up a local greenhouse gas monitoring network based on Cavity Ring Down Spectrometry analyzers. This local network comprises the OHP ICOS-France station, located 80 km north of Marseille city. Local meteorological features such as sea and land breezes impact local greenhouse gas concentrations through advection and boundary layer dynamical processes. Isotopic analysis of 14C and 13C in CO2, as well as CO2 correlations with NOx, CO, black carbon and SO2, show a strong impact of fossil fuel emissions on the CO2 local urban greenhouse gas atmospheric plumes. The identified fossil sources are mostly traffic, building, industrial and maritime activities. Modern sources such as wood burning may account for a larger part than assessed by the local inventory