Protótipos de implantes dentários a base de titânio obtidos pelo processo de moldagem por injeção de pós metálicos : estudo in vivo

A produção de peças de titânio a partir da metalurgia do pó é uma das tendências da metalurgia moderna, uma vez que permite a obtenção de estruturas com geometrias complexas e com porosidade controlada. Este estudo teve por objetivo produzir dois tipos de protótipos de implante dentário e comparar biologicamente cada um. Foram obtidos protótipos de superfície usinada pelo processo convencional de usinagem e protótipos de superfície porosa pelo processo de Moldagem de Pós Metálicos por Injeção (MPI). Os protótipos foram implantados em ratos que, após 3 e 6 semanas, foram sacrificados e a interface osso/implante analisada. Os resultados mostraram que todos protótipos encontravam-se clinicamente estáveis no final dos dois períodos de cicatrização, mas os produzidos pelo processo MPI, que permaneceram 3 semanas, apresentaram um percentual de osseointegração (contato osso/implante) significativamente maior que os protótipos usinados do mesmo período de cicatrização. Entre os grupos de 6 semanas não houve diferença significativa. Conclui-se que houve crescimento de tecido ósseo independente do tipo de superfície e, que a porosidade superficial obtida pelo processo MPI influenciou na quantidade de osso neoformado em torno da superfície dos implantes, possibilitando uma rápida e rígida fixação já na terceira semana de cicatrização.The production of titanium parts from powder metallurgy is one of the tendencies of modern metallurgy, since it allows obtaining structures with complex geometries and controlled porosity. The purpose of this study was to produce two types of dental implant prototype, and compare them biologically. Surface prototypes were obtained, milled by the conventional milling process and porous surface prototypes using the Metal Injection Molding (MIM). The prototypes were implanted in rats that were euthanized after three and six weeks, and the bone/implant interface was analyzed. The results showed that all prototypes were clinically stable at the end of the two healing periods, but those produced by the MIM process, which remained for 3 weeks, presented a significantly higher percentage of osseointegration (bone/implant contact) than the milled prototypes in the same healing period. No significant difference was found among the 6-week groups. It is concluded that the bone tissue grew independent of type of implant, enabling quick, rigid fixation already in the third week of the healing process

Processamento de pós titânio e sua aplicabilidade em implantes osseointegrados

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Chemical Composition Data of the Main Stages of Copper Production from Sulfide Minerals in Chile: A Review to Assist Circular Economy Studies

[EN] The mining industry has faced significant challenges to maintaining copper production technically, economically, and environmentally viable. Some of the major limitations that must be overcome in the coming years are the copper ore grade decline due to its intense exploitation, the increasing requirements for environmental protection, and the need to expand and construct new tailings dams. Furthermore, the risk of a supply crisis of critical metals, such as antimony and bismuth, has prompted efforts to increase their extraction from secondary resources in copper production. Therefore, improving conventional processes and developing new technologies is crucial to satisfying the world's metal demands, while respecting the policies of environmental organizations. Hence, it is essential that the chemical composition of each copper production stage is known for conducting these studies, which may be challenging due to the huge variability of concentration data concerning the ore extraction region, the process type, and the operational conditions. This paper presents a review of chemical composition data of the main stages of copper production from sulfide minerals, such as (1) copper minerals, (2) flotation tailings, (3) flotation concentrates, (4) slags and (5) flue dust from the smelting/converting stage, (6) copper anodes, (7) anode slimes, (8) contaminated electrolytes from the electrorefining stage, (9) electrolytes cleaned by ion-exchange resins, and (10) elution solutions from the resins. In addition, the main contributions of recent works on copper production are summarized herein. This study is focused on production sites from Chile since it is responsible for almost one-third of the world's copper production.This research was funded by CNPq (Process 160320/2019-4), Cyted (Network 318RT0551), ERAMIN2 (Network Sb-RECMEMTEC, FINEP--Brazil, ANID--Chile, and AEI--Spain) and Direccion de Investigacion Cientifica y TecnolOgica (DICYT) of the Universidad de Santiago de Chile. This study was financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior--Brasil (CAPES)--Finance Code 001 (Process 88887.364537/2019-00).Santana-Barros, K.; Vielmo, VS.; Garrido Moreno, B.; Riveros, G.; Cifuentes, G.; Moura Bernardes, A. (2022). Chemical Composition Data of the Main Stages of Copper Production from Sulfide Minerals in Chile: A Review to Assist Circular Economy Studies. Minerals. 12(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/min1202025012

Impact of the SPOP Mutant Subtype on the Interpretation of Clinical Parameters in Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: Molecular characterization of prostate cancer, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, has revealed distinct subtypes with underlying genomic alterations. One of these core subtypes, SPOP (speckle-type POZ protein) mutant prostate cancer, has previously only been identifiable via DNA sequencing, which has made the impact on prognosis and routinely used risk stratification parameters unclear. Methods: We have developed a novel gene expression signature, classifier (Subclass Predictor Based on Transcriptional Data), and decision tree to predict the SPOP mutant subclass from RNA gene expression data and classify common prostate cancer molecular subtypes. We then validated and further interrogated the association of prostate cancer molecular subtypes with pathologic and clinical outcomes in retrospective and prospective cohorts of 8,158 patients. Results: The subclass predictor based on transcriptional data model showed high sensitivity and specificity in multiple cohorts across both RNA sequencing and microarray gene expression platforms. We predicted approximately 8% to 9% of cases to be SPOP mutant from both retrospective and prospective cohorts. We found that the SPOP mutant subclass was associated with lower frequency of positive margins, extraprostatic extension, and seminal vesicle invasion at prostatectomy; however, SPOP mutant cancers were associated with higher pretreatment serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The association between SPOP mutant status and higher PSA level was validated in three independent cohorts. Despite high pretreatment PSA, the SPOP mutant subtype was associated with a favorable prognosis with improved metastasis-free survival, particularly in patients with high-risk preoperative PSA levels. Conclusion: Using a novel gene expression model and a decision tree algorithm to define prostate cancer molecular subclasses, we found that the SPOP mutant subclass is associated with higher preoperative PSA, less adverse pathologic features, and favorable prognosis. These findings suggest a paradigm in which the interpretation of common risk stratification parameters, particularly PSA, may be influenced by the underlying molecular subtype of prostate cancer

COMPETÊNCIAS DO SERVIÇO SOCIAL EM CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS: NOTAS PRELIMINARES

Considering the Brazilian reality, it is pertinent to deepen studies on the models of Palliative Care and End of Life. The objective is to present an overview of the role of the social worker in the field of Palliative Care and to introduce elements for the debate on the relevance of establishing specific guidelines for competent and critical action in a complex, sensitive, and under construction area. The investigation was based on qualitative research with an analytical focus supported by bibliographical and documentary studies. Palliative Care is collaborative in nature and requires a set of related knowledge, skills, and attitudes associated with teamwork. It demonstrates the necessary delimitation of general guidelines for action for the Social Worker in line with the current Performance Parameters of Social Work in Health Policy. It is concluded that it is relevant to establish skills for the different levels of palliative care aligned with the prerogatives, attributions and professional competences placed in the collective project of the Brazilian Social Services.Considerando-se a realidade brasileira, torna-se primordial o aprofundamento de estudos sobre os modelos de cuidados paliativos e de fim de vida. Objetiva-se apresentar um panorama geral do papel do assistente social no campo dos cuidados paliativos e introduzir elementos para o debate sobre o estabelecimento de orientações específicas para a atuação competente e crítica em uma área complexa, sensível e em construção. A investigação ancorou-se na pesquisa qualitativa, com enfoque analítico crítico e apoio nos estudos bibliográfico e documental. Os cuidados paliativos têm natureza colaborativa e requerem um conjunto de conhecimentos relacionados, habilidades e atitudes associadas ao trabalho em equipe. Demonstra-se o necessário delineamento de orientações gerais de atuação para o assistente social, em consonância com os atuais Parâmetros para Atuação dos Assistentes Sociais na Política de Saúde. Conclui-se que é pertinente o estabelecimento de competências para os diferentes níveis de atenção paliativa, alinhadas às prerrogativas, atribuições e competências profissionais postas no projeto coletivo do serviço social brasileiro

Immune deconvolution and temporal mapping identifies stromal targets and developmental intervals for abrogating murine low-grade optic glioma formation

BACKGROUND: Brain tumor formation and progression are dictated by cooperative interactions between neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells. This stromal dependence is nicely illustrated by tumors arising in the Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) cancer predisposition syndrome, where children develop low-grade optic pathway gliomas (OPGs). Using several authenticated METHODS: A combination of bulk and single-cell RNA mouse optic nerve sequencing, immunohistochemistry, T cell assays, and pharmacologic and antibody-mediated inhibition methods were used in these experiments. RESULTS: We show that T cells and microglia are the main non-neoplastic immune cell populations in both murine and human LGGs. Moreover, we demonstrate that CD8 CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these findings provide proof-of-concept demonstrations that targeting stromal support during early gliomagenesis durably blocks murine LGG formation

Классификация удержаний из заработной платы

В данной научной статье поставлена задача, выяснить, как классифицируются удержания из заработной платы, отметить основные моменты для удержания. Также в статье рассматривается ситуация, когда один вид удержаний относится к разной классификации, на примере алиментов

Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease with Adult Onset due to a Novel Renin Mutation Mapping in the Mature Protein

Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD) is a genetically heterogeneous renal disorder leading to progressive loss of renal function. ADTKD-REN is due to rare mutations in renin, all localized in the protein leader peptide and affecting its co-translational insertion in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Through exome sequencing in an adult-onset ADTKD family we identified a new renin variant, p.L381P, mapping in the mature protein. To assess its pathogenicity, we combined genetic data, computational and predictive analysis and functional studies. The L381P substitution affects an evolutionary conserved residue, co-segregates with renal disease, is not found in population databases and is predicted to be deleterious by in silico tools and by structural modelling. Expression of the L381P variant leads to its ER retention and induction of the Unfolded Protein Response in cell models and to defective pronephros development in zebrafish. Our work shows that REN mutations outside of renin leader peptide can cause ADTKD and delineates an adult form of ADTKD-REN, a condition which has usually its onset in childhood. This has implications for the molecular diagnosis and the estimated prevalence of the disease and points at ER homeostasis as a common pathway affected in ADTKD-REN, and possibly more generally in ADTKD