Phenotypic interaction networks in swallow-tailed manakins (chiroxiphia caudata)

Orientadora: Drª Lilian Tonelli Manica.Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação. Defesa : Curitiba, 13/03/2019.Inclui referências: p. 31-36.Resumo: Compreender exibições de corte multimodais complexas em termos das propriedades integrativas dos traços sexuais, suas funções e como mudam em contextos diferentes é um desafio necessário na ecologia comportamental, visto que comportamentos sexuais podem apresentar uma diversa gama de implicações evolutivas. Aqui, nós usamos redes de interação fenotípicas para avaliar as exibições do tangará (Chiroxiphia caudata, Passeriformes: Pipridae) em dois contextos sociais: exibições de corte e de treino. Nós hipotetizamos alta modularidade e redundância (degeneracy) entre traços da mesma modalidade para todas as redes devido à prováveis limitações fisiológicas, mas hipotetizamos correlações menores entre os traços para exibições de treino, refletindo a inexperiência dos machos jovens em treino em comparação aos machos adultos cortejando fêmeas. Construímos redes fenotípicas de duas e três modalidades utilizando traços de som, movimento e cor extraídos de gravações de áudio e vídeo e da plumagem. Os dados foram coletados de uma população em um remanescente de Mata Atlântica no sul do Brasil, em três estações reprodutivas (de outubro a março de 2015 - 2018). Nós encontramos que redes de treino possuem maior modularidade e redundância (degeneracy) em comparação às redes de corte, ao contrário do esperado. Os padrões das redes de treino sugerem que machos jovens produzem uma exibição estereotipada devido a limitações no seu desenvolvimento, enquanto a maior variabilidade entre os traços para machos adultos pode indicar a capacidade de ajustar as performances dependendo da resposta e preferência das fêmeas. Nosso estudo ressalta como diferentes contextos sociais podem alterar a relação entre traços e também fornece direções futuras em relação à quais traços devem ser explorados para desvendar a função desta exibição complexa.Abstract: Understanding complex multimodal courtship displays in terms of the integrational properties of sexual traits, their functions, and how they change in different contexts is a required challenge in behavioral ecology, since sexual behaviors can present a diverse set of evolutionary implications. Here, we used phenotypic interaction networks to evaluate displays of the Swallow-tailed Manakin (Chiroxiphia caudata, Passeriformes: Pipridae) in two social contexts: (i) practice and (ii) courtship displays. We hypothesized high modularity and degeneracy between same-modality traits for all networks due to physiological constraints, but relatively weaker trait-correlations for practice displays, reflecting inexperience of practicing juvenile males in relation to adult males performing to females. We built three and two modality phenotype networks using sound, motor and color traits extracted from audio and video recordings and plumage. We collected data from a population in an Atlantic Forest remnant in south Brazil, in three breeding seasons (from October to March 2015-2018). We found that practice networks had higher modularity and degeneracy in comparison to courtship networks, in opposite of what we expected. The constrained patterns of practice networks suggest that juvenile males perform a strict stereotypical display due to developmental constraints, while the higher variability between traits for adult males may indicate capability of adjusting performances depending on female response and preference. Our study sheds light on how different social contexts can alter the relation between traits and also provides future directions for what traits should be explored to unravel this complex display function

Mortality due to oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Uruguay from 1997 to 2014

Oral and oropharyngeal cancer is considered a public health problem in several countries due to its high incidence and mortality rate. Objective: This study aimed to analyze oral and oropharyngeal cancer mortality in Uruguay from 1997 to 2014 by age, sex and country region. Methodology: A time series ecological study using secondary data was performed. Data on mortality due to oral and oropharyngeal cancers were obtained from the Vital Statistics Department of Uruguay's Ministry of Public Health. Results: The cumulative mortality rate due to oral and oropharyngeal cancer over the study period was of 19.26/100,000 persons in women and 83.61/100.000 in men, with a mean annual rate of 1.75/100,000 in women and 7.60/100,000 in men. Mortality rate from both sites during the study period was 4.34 times higher in men than in women. Malignant neoplasms of other parts of the tongue and base of tongue showed the highest mortality rate. The means of the annual coefficients of deaths were higher for the age groups between 50 and 69 years. Higher mortality rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer were observed in Artigas (4.63) and Cerro Largo (3.75). Conclusions: Our study described a high mortality rate for oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Uruguay from 1997 to 2014. According to the country’s health department, men, tongue cancer, and oral cavity had higher mortality rates, with some variation. Prevention strategies with control of risk factors and early diagnosis are necessary to improve survival in the Uruguayan population

Mortality due to oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Uruguay from 1997 to 2014

Oral and oropharyngeal cancer is considered a public health problem in several countries due to its high incidence and mortality rate. Objective: This study aimed to analyze oral and oropharyngeal cancer mortality in Uruguay from 1997 to 2014 by age, sex and country region. Methodology: A time series ecological study using secondary data was performed. Data on mortality due to oral and oropharyngeal cancers were obtained from the Vital Statistics Department of Uruguay's Ministry of Public Health. Results: The cumulative mortality rate due to oral and oropharyngeal cancer over the study period was of 19.26/100,000 persons in women and 83.61/100.000 in men, with a mean annual rate of 1.75/100,000 in women and 7.60/100,000 in men. Mortality rate from both sites during the study period was 4.34 times higher in men than in women. Malignant neoplasms of other parts of the tongue and base of tongue showed the highest mortality rate. The means of the annual coefficients of deaths were higher for the age groups between 50 and 69 years. Higher mortality rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer were observed in Artigas (4.63) and Cerro Largo (3.75). Conclusions: Our study described a high mortality rate for oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Uruguay from 1997 to 2014. According to the country's health department, men, tongue cancer, and oral cavity had higher mortality rates, with some variation. Prevention strategies with control of risk factors and early diagnosis are necessary to improve survival in the Uruguayan population

Sinais acústicos em Tangarás (Chiroxiphia caudata, Passeriformes: Pipridae) : mais do que um dançarino

Orientadora: Lilian Tonelli Manica.Monografia (bacharelado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Biológicas. Curso de Graduação em Ciências Biológica

Phenotypic interaction networks in swallow-tailed manakins (chiroxiphia caudata)

Orientadora: Drª Lilian Tonelli Manica.Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação. Defesa : Curitiba, 13/03/2019.Inclui referências: p. 31-36.Resumo: Compreender exibições de corte multimodais complexas em termos das propriedades integrativas dos traços sexuais, suas funções e como mudam em contextos diferentes é um desafio necessário na ecologia comportamental, visto que comportamentos sexuais podem apresentar uma diversa gama de implicações evolutivas. Aqui, nós usamos redes de interação fenotípicas para avaliar as exibições do tangará (Chiroxiphia caudata, Passeriformes: Pipridae) em dois contextos sociais: exibições de corte e de treino. Nós hipotetizamos alta modularidade e redundância (degeneracy) entre traços da mesma modalidade para todas as redes devido à prováveis limitações fisiológicas, mas hipotetizamos correlações menores entre os traços para exibições de treino, refletindo a inexperiência dos machos jovens em treino em comparação aos machos adultos cortejando fêmeas. Construímos redes fenotípicas de duas e três modalidades utilizando traços de som, movimento e cor extraídos de gravações de áudio e vídeo e da plumagem. Os dados foram coletados de uma população em um remanescente de Mata Atlântica no sul do Brasil, em três estações reprodutivas (de outubro a março de 2015 - 2018). Nós encontramos que redes de treino possuem maior modularidade e redundância (degeneracy) em comparação às redes de corte, ao contrário do esperado. Os padrões das redes de treino sugerem que machos jovens produzem uma exibição estereotipada devido a limitações no seu desenvolvimento, enquanto a maior variabilidade entre os traços para machos adultos pode indicar a capacidade de ajustar as performances dependendo da resposta e preferência das fêmeas. Nosso estudo ressalta como diferentes contextos sociais podem alterar a relação entre traços e também fornece direções futuras em relação à quais traços devem ser explorados para desvendar a função desta exibição complexa.Abstract: Understanding complex multimodal courtship displays in terms of the integrational properties of sexual traits, their functions, and how they change in different contexts is a required challenge in behavioral ecology, since sexual behaviors can present a diverse set of evolutionary implications. Here, we used phenotypic interaction networks to evaluate displays of the Swallow-tailed Manakin (Chiroxiphia caudata, Passeriformes: Pipridae) in two social contexts: (i) practice and (ii) courtship displays. We hypothesized high modularity and degeneracy between same-modality traits for all networks due to physiological constraints, but relatively weaker trait-correlations for practice displays, reflecting inexperience of practicing juvenile males in relation to adult males performing to females. We built three and two modality phenotype networks using sound, motor and color traits extracted from audio and video recordings and plumage. We collected data from a population in an Atlantic Forest remnant in south Brazil, in three breeding seasons (from October to March 2015-2018). We found that practice networks had higher modularity and degeneracy in comparison to courtship networks, in opposite of what we expected. The constrained patterns of practice networks suggest that juvenile males perform a strict stereotypical display due to developmental constraints, while the higher variability between traits for adult males may indicate capability of adjusting performances depending on female response and preference. Our study sheds light on how different social contexts can alter the relation between traits and also provides future directions for what traits should be explored to unravel this complex display function

Mortality due to oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Uruguay from 1997 to 2014

Oral and oropharyngeal cancer is considered a public health problem in several countries due to its high incidence and mortality rate. Objective: This study aimed to analyze oral and oropharyngeal cancer mortality in Uruguay from 1997 to 2014 by age, sex and country region. Methodology: A time series ecological study using secondary data was performed. Data on mortality due to oral and oropharyngeal cancers were obtained from the Vital Statistics Department of Uruguay's Ministry of Public Health. Results: The cumulative mortality rate due to oral and oropharyngeal cancer over the study period was of 19.26/100,000 persons in women and 83.61/100.000 in men, with a mean annual rate of 1.75/100,000 in women and 7.60/100,000 in men. Mortality rate from both sites during the study period was 4.34 times higher in men than in women. Malignant neoplasms of other parts of the tongue and base of tongue showed the highest mortality rate. The means of the annual coefficients of deaths were higher for the age groups between 50 and 69 years. Higher mortality rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer were observed in Artigas (4.63) and Cerro Largo (3.75). Conclusions: Our study described a high mortality rate for oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Uruguay from 1997 to 2014. According to the country's health department, men, tongue cancer, and oral cavity had higher mortality rates, with some variation. Prevention strategies with control of risk factors and early diagnosis are necessary to improve survival in the Uruguayan population

Mortality due to oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Uruguay from 1997 to 2014

Oral and oropharyngeal cancer is considered a public health problem in several countries due to its high incidence and mortality rate. Objective: This study aimed to analyze oral and oropharyngeal cancer mortality in Uruguay from 1997 to 2014 by age, sex and country region. Methodology: A time series ecological study using secondary data was performed. Data on mortality due to oral and oropharyngeal cancers were obtained from the Vital Statistics Department of Uruguay's Ministry of Public Health. Results: The cumulative mortality rate due to oral and oropharyngeal cancer over the study period was of 19.26/100,000 persons in women and 83.61/100.000 in men, with a mean annual rate of 1.75/100,000 in women and 7.60/100,000 in men. Mortality rate from both sites during the study period was 4.34 times higher in men than in women. Malignant neoplasms of other parts of the tongue and base of tongue showed the highest mortality rate. The means of the annual coefficients of deaths were higher for the age groups between 50 and 69 years. Higher mortality rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer were observed in Artigas (4.63) and Cerro Largo (3.75). Conclusions: Our study described a high mortality rate for oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Uruguay from 1997 to 2014. According to the country's health department, men, tongue cancer, and oral cavity had higher mortality rates, with some variation. Prevention strategies with control of risk factors and early diagnosis are necessary to improve survival in the Uruguayan population

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS: a data set of bird morphological traits from the Atlantic forests of South America

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ