634 research outputs found
On Markov State Models for Metastable Processes
We consider Markov processes on large state spaces and want to find low-dimensional structure-preserving approximations of the process in the sense that the longest timescales of the dynamics of the original process are reproduced well. Recent years have seen the advance of so-called Markov state models (MSM) for processes on very large state spaces exhibiting metastable dynamics. It has been demonstrated that MSMs are especially useful for modelling the interesting slow dynamics of biomolecules (cf. Noe et al, PNAS(106) 2009) and materials. From the mathematical perspective, MSMs result from Galerkin projection of the transfer operator underlying the original process onto some
low-dimensional subspace which leads to an approximation of the dominant eigenvalues of the transfer operators and thus of the longest timescales of the original dynamics. Until now, most articles on MSMs have been based on full subdivisions of state space, i.e., Galerkin projections onto subspaces spanned by indicator functions. We show how to generalize MSMs to alternative low-dimensional subspaces with superior approximation properties, and how to analyse the approximation quality (dominant eigenvalues, propagation of functions) of the resulting MSMs. To this end, we give an overview of the construction of MSMs, the associated stochastics and functional-analysis background, and its algorithmic consequences. Furthermore, we illustrate the mathematical construction with numerical examples
Estimating the eigenvalue error of Markov State Models
We consider a continuous-time, ergodic Markov process on a large continuous or
discrete state space. The process is assumed to exhibit a number of metastable sets. Markov state
models (MSM) are designed to represent the effective dynamics of such a process by a Markov chain
that jumps between the metastable sets with the transition rates of the original process. MSM are
used for a number of applications, including molecular dynamics (cf. Noe et al, PNAS(106) 2009)[1],
since more than a decade. The rigorous and fully general (no zero temperature limit or comparable
restrictions) analysis of their approximation quality, however, has only been started recently. Our
first article on this topics (Sarich et al, MMS(8) 2010)[2] introduces an error bound for the difference
in propagation of probability densities between the MSM and the original process on long time scales.
Herein we provide upper bounds for the error in the eigenvalues between the MSM and the original
process which means that we analyse how well the longest timescales in the original process are
approximated by the MSM. Our findings are illustrated by numerical experiments
Political will, work values, and objective career success: A novel approach – The Trait-Reputation-Identity Model
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this recordIndividual-level political will in organizations and careers is recognized by many scholars as an important yet under-investigated construct. Only recently has a scale directly assessing political will been developed, and its validation process has just begun (Kapoutsis, Papalexandris, Treadway, & Bentley, 2017). We used the Trait-Reputation-Identity Model (McAbee & Connelly, 2016) and a triadic multisource design to explore and elucidate the nomological network of political will, including its link to objective career success. We found supporting empirical evidence for the construct (power striving) and criterion validity (hierarchical position and income) of the self-serving political will scale. However, our findings did not support the multi-rater convergence and the interpretation of the benevolent political will scale as representing an altruistic political motive. Hence, we suggest the development and validation of new items that directly relate to benevolence toward others at work. We further encourage researchers to develop and validate an additional scale assessing altruistic political will above and beyond self-serving and benevolent political will. We discuss additional implications, limitations, and directions for future research
Political Skill Moderates the Success of Psychopaths at the Workplace
On one hand, psychopaths tend to be callous, emotionally deficient, aggressive, self promoting, impulsive, and pursuant of unmitigated agency regardless of the extent to which it comes at the expense of others. On the other hand, by all accounts, psychopaths tend to be charming, seductive, self-confident, composed, risk-seeking, and adept at impression management (Babiak & Hare, 2006; Paulhus & Williams, 2002). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to reconcile these contrasting positions by examining whether (non-violent) psychopaths truly can be “successful” in the workplace. Drawing on socioanalytic theory (Hogan, 1983), we hypothesized that psychopaths in possession of political skill would be better able to package, conceal, and/or restrain their desires to get ahead in such a way as to be perceived as less counterproductive and more adaptive. Results provided support for these hypotheses. Implications for theory, practice, and future research are provided in light of a number of notable strengths and limitations
Modularity revisited: A novel dynamics-based concept for decomposing complex networks
Finding modules (or clusters) in large, complex networks is a challenging task, in particular if one is not interested in a full decomposition of the whole network into modules. We consider modular networks that also contain nodes that do not belong to one of modules but to several or to none at all. A new method for analyzing such networks is presented. It is based on spectral analysis of random walks on modular networks. In contrast to other spectral clustering approaches, we use different transition rules of the random walk. This leads to much more prominent gaps in the spectrum of the adapted random walk and allows for easy identification of the network's modular structure, and also identifying the nodes belonging to these modules. We also give a characterization of that set of nodes that do not belong to any module, which we call transition region. Finally, by analyzing the transition region, we describe an algorithm that identifies so called hub-nodes inside the transition region that are important connections between modules or between a module and the rest of the network. The resulting algorithms scale linearly with network size (if the network connectivity is sparse) and thus can also be applied to very large networks
Ein nichtlineares anisotropes Materialmodell auf der Basis der Hencky-Dehnung und der logarithmischen Rate zur Beschreibung duktiler Schädigung
Ein nichtlineares, dreidimensionales und anisotropes Sehddigungsmodell wird vorgestellt. Basis des Modells ist der Rahmen für finite Elastoplastizität von Xiao, Bruhns & Meyers. Von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Modellierung ist eine doppelte Interpretation des Schädigungsparameters. Für die thermodgnamischen Betrachtungen wird der Schädigungsparameter als eine interne Zustandsuariable betrachtet. Zur Modellierung der schädigungsinduzierten Anisotropie wird er als ein sich mit der Deformation entwickelnder Struktur- oder Materialtensor interpretiert. Schädigungsmodellierung reduziert sich damit auf die Formulierung von Euolutionsgleichungen, die Festlegung von Versagenskriterien und die Bestimmung von Materialkonstanten
The role of interpersonal influence in counterbalancing psychopathic personality trait facets at work
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this recordThe purpose of this study was to examine the relations of two facets of psychopathic personality (i.e., self-centered impulsivity and fearless dominance) with interpersonally directed counterproductive work behavior (CWB-I) and contextual performance (CP). Consistent with research on psychopathy, our hypothesis suggested that self-centered impulsivity (i.e., behavioral impulsivity characterized by disregard for rules and responsibilities) would be positively related to CWB-I and negatively related to CP. Using socioanalytic theory, we further suggested that fearless dominance (i.e., an egotistical personal style characterized by self-promotion and prioritization of one’s own needs before those of others) would be negatively associated with interpersonal performance (i.e., high CWB-I and low CP) only when individuals indicated low levels of interpersonal influence (i.e., a dimension of political skill reflecting an ability to adapt one’s behavior in subtle, sophisticated, and situationally effective ways). Results provided strong support for the differential relations of the psychopathic personality dimensions with the criteria of interest. Implications for theory, practice, and future research are provided in light of a number of notable strengths and limitations
Quantitative spectroscopy of single molecule interaction times
Funding Information: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (421152132 (subproject C03)), EXC 2046 (MATH+Incubator project IN-B2).Single molecule fluorescence tracking provides information at nanometer-scale and millisecond-temporal resolution about the dynamics and interaction of individual molecules in a biological environment. While the dynamic behavior of isolated molecules can be characterized well, the quantitative insight is more limited when interactions between two indistinguishable molecules occur. We address this aspect by developing a theoretical foundation for a spectroscopy of interaction times, i.e., the inference of interaction from imaging data. A non-trivial crossover between a power law to an exponential behavior of the distribution of the interaction times is highlighted, together with the dependence of the exponential term upon the microscopic reaction affinity. Our approach is validated with simulated and experimental datasets.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Covalency effects on the magnetism of EuRh2P2
In experiments, the ternary Eu pnictide EuRh2P2 shows an unusual coexistence
of a non-integral Eu valence of about 2.2 and a rather high Neel temperature of
50 K. In this paper, we present a model which explains the non-integral Eu
valence via covalent bonding of the Eu 4f-orbitals to P2 molecular orbitals. In
contrast to intermediate valence models where the hybridization with
delocalized conduction band electrons is known to suppress magnetic ordering
temperatures to at most a few Kelvin, covalent hybridization to the localized
P2 orbitals avoids this suppression. Using perturbation theory we calculate the
valence, the high temperature susceptibility, the Eu single-ion anisotropy and
the superexchange couplings of nearest and next-nearest neighbouring Eu ions.
The model predicts a tetragonal anisotropy of the Curie constants. We suggest
an experimental investigation of this anisotropy using single crystals. From
experimental values of the valence and the two Curie constants, the three free
parameters of our model can be determined.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, submitted to J. Phys.: Condens. Matte
Algebraic totality, towards completeness
Finiteness spaces constitute a categorical model of Linear Logic (LL) whose
objects can be seen as linearly topologised spaces, (a class of topological
vector spaces introduced by Lefschetz in 1942) and morphisms as continuous
linear maps. First, we recall definitions of finiteness spaces and describe
their basic properties deduced from the general theory of linearly topologised
spaces. Then we give an interpretation of LL based on linear algebra. Second,
thanks to separation properties, we can introduce an algebraic notion of
totality candidate in the framework of linearly topologised spaces: a totality
candidate is a closed affine subspace which does not contain 0. We show that
finiteness spaces with totality candidates constitute a model of classical LL.
Finally, we give a barycentric simply typed lambda-calculus, with booleans
and a conditional operator, which can be interpreted in this
model. We prove completeness at type for
every n by an algebraic method
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