64 research outputs found
Solar and Reactor Neutrinos: Upcoming Experiments and Future Projects
Sub-MeV solar neutrino experiments and long-baseline reactor oscillation
experiments toe the cutting edge of neutrino research. The upcoming experiments
KamLAND and BOREXINO, currently in their startup and final construction phase
respectively, will provide essential information on neutrino properties as well
as on solar physics. Future projects, at present under development, will
measure the primary solar neutrino fluxes via electron scattering and neutrino
capture in real time. High precision data for lepton mixing as well as for
stellar evolution theory will become available in the future. This paper aims
to give an overview of the upcoming experiments and of the projects under
development.Comment: 11 pages, 14 figures, LATEX (espcrc2.sty). Contribution to the
proceedings of "TAUP2001 - Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics",
LNGS, Italy (September 8-12, 2001
Vetoing atmospheric neutrinos in a high energy neutrino telescope
We discuss the possibility to suppress downward atmospheric neutrinos in a
high energy neutrino telescope. This can be achieved by vetoing the muon which
is produced by the same parent meson decaying in the atmosphere. In principle,
atmospheric neutrinos with energies TeV and zenith angle up to 60
degree can be vetoed with an efficiency of > 99%. Practical realization will
depend on the depth of the neutrino telescope, on the muon veto efficiency and
on the ability to identify downward moving neutrinos with a good energy
estimation.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review
A proposed search for a fourth neutrino with a PBq antineutrino source
Several observed anomalies in neutrino oscillation data can be explained by a
hypothetical fourth neutrino separated from the three standard neutrinos by a
squared mass difference of a few eV^2. We show that this hypothesis can be
tested with a PBq (ten kilocurie scale) 144Ce or 106Ru antineutrino beta-source
deployed at the center of a large low background liquid scintillator detector.
In particular, the compact size of such a source could yield an
energy-dependent oscillating pattern in event spatial distribution that would
unabiguously determine neutrino mass differences and mixing angles.Comment: 4 pages ; 1 table ; 4 figures - Add energy spectrum shape only
analysis + referee comments/suggestion
The HLMA project: determination of high delta-m^2 LMA mixing parameters and constraint on |U_e3| with a new reactor neutrino experiment
In the forthcoming months, the KamLAND experiment will probe the parameter
space of the solar large mixing angle (LMA) MSW solution as the origin of the
solar neutrino deficit with \nuebar's from distant nuclear reactors. If
however the solution realized in nature is such that \Dm2_{sol} \gsim 2 \cdot
10^{-4} eV (thereafter named the HLMA region), KamLAND will only observe a
rate suppression but no spectral distortion and hence it will not have the
optimal sensitivity to measure the mixing parameters. In this case, we propose
a new medium baseline reactor experiment located at Heilbronn (Germany) to pin
down the precise value of the solar mixing parameters. In this paper, we
present the Heilbronn detector site, we calculate the \nuebar interaction
rate and the positron spectrum expected from the surrounding nuclear power
plants. We also discuss the sensitivity of such an experiment to |U_e3| in both
normal and inverted neutrino mass hierarchy scenarios. We then outline the
detector design, estimate background signals induced by natural radioactivity
as well as by in-situ cosmic ray muon interaction, and discuss a strategy to
detect the anti-neutrino signal 'free of background'.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures; v2: added references, caption of Fig.4 and typos
corrected; v3: accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics, references
added, typo in Sec. 6.3 correcte
Purification of large volume of liquid argon for LEGEND-200
The design, construction and performance of the system capable of purifying 65m of liquid argon to sub-ppm level designed for LEGEND–200 experiment is presented. The quality of the purified liquid argon is monitored in real-time during the purification process, by measuring the argon triplet state lifetime and simultaneous direct measurements of the concentrations of impurities such as water, oxygen, and nitrogen with a sensitivity of 0.1 ppm. The achieved argon triplet lifetime value measured inside the LEGEND cryostat, when filled in 70% of its capacity, was at the level of = 1.3 μs. If needed, the system may also be used later to purify liquid argon already filled into the LEGEND cryostat in the loop mode
Liquid Argon Instrumentation and Monitoring in LEGEND-200
LEGEND is the next-generation experiment searching for the neutrinoless double beta decay in Ge. The first stage, LEGEND-200, takes over the cryogenic infrastructure of GERDA at LNGS: an instrumented water tank surrounding a 64 m liquid argon cryostat. Around 200 kg of Ge detectors will be deployed in the cryostat, with the liquid argon acting as cooling medium, high-purity passive shielding and secondary detection medium. For the latter purpose, a liquid argon instrumentation is developed, based on the system used in GERDA Phase II. Wavelength shifting fibers coated with TPB are arranged in two concentric barrels. Both ends are read out by SiPM arrays. A wavelength shifting reflector surrounds the array in order to enhance the light collection far from the array. The LLAMA is installed in the cryostat to permanently monitor the optical parameters and to provide in-situ inputs for modeling purposes.
The design of all parts of the LEGEND-200 LAr instrumentation is presented. An overview of the geometry, operation principle, and off-line data analysis of the LLAMA is shown
Artificial neutrino source experiment in Borexino
An experiment with an artificial neutrino source in Borexino is presented. The neutrino source can be located outside the detector or eventually, at the end of the solar neutrino phase, could be deployed inside. The physics case for the source experiment includes the search for short-baseline neutrino oscillations, neutrino-electron scattering at sub-MeV range, neutrino magnetic moment. Preliminary predictions of the sensitivity are reported for the sterile neutrino search
Cosmogenic 11C production and sensitivity of organic scintillator detectors to pep and CNO neutrinos
Several possible background sources determine the detectability of pep and
CNO solar neutrinos in organic liquid scintillator detectors. Among such
sources, the cosmogenic 11C nuclide plays a central role. 11C is produced
underground in reactions induced by the residual cosmic muon flux. Experimental
data available for the effective cross section for 11C by muons indicate that
11C will be the dominant source of background for the observation of pep and
CNO neutrinos. 11C decays are expected to total a rate 2.5 (20) times higher
than the combined rate of pep and CNO neutrinos in Borexino (KamLAND) in the
energy window preferred for the pep measurement, between 0.8 and 1.3 MeV.
This study examines the production mechanism of 11C by muon-induced showers
in organic liquid scintillators with a novel approach: for the first time, we
perform a detailed ab initio calculation of the production of a cosmogenic
nuclide, 11C, taking into consideration all relevant production channels.
Results of the calculation are compared with the effective cross sections
measured by target experiments in muon beams.
This paper also discusses a technique for reduction of background from 11C in
organic liquid scintillator detectors, which allows to identify on a one-by-one
basis and remove from the data set a large fraction of 11C decays. The
background reduction technique hinges on an idea proposed by Martin Deutsch,
who suggested that a neutron must be ejected in every interaction producing a
11C nuclide from 12C. 11C events are tagged by a three-fold coincidence with
the parent muon track and the subsequent neutron capture on protons.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures; added one section detailing comparison with
previous estimates; added reference
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