A sampling-guided unsupervised learning method to capture percolation in complex networks

The use of machine learning techniques in classical and quantum systems has led to novel techniques to classify ordered and disordered phases, as well as uncover transition points in critical phenomena. Efforts to extend these methods to dynamical processes in complex networks is a field of active research. Network-percolation, a measure of resilience and robustness to structural failures, as well as a proxy for spreading processes, has numerous applications in social, technological, and infrastructural systems. A particular challenge is to identify the existence of a percolation cluster in a network in the face of noisy data. Here, we consider bond-percolation, and introduce a sampling approach that leverages the core-periphery structure of such networks at a microscopic scale, using onion decomposition, a refined version of the $k-$core. By selecting subsets of nodes in a particular layer of the onion spectrum that follow similar trajectories in the percolation process, percolating phases can be distinguished from non-percolating ones through an unsupervised clustering method. Accuracy in the initial step is essential for extracting samples with information-rich content, that are subsequently used to predict the critical transition point through the confusion scheme, a recently introduced learning method. The method circumvents the difficulty of missing data or noisy measurements, as it allows for sampling nodes from both the core and periphery, as well as intermediate layers. We validate the effectiveness of our sampling strategy on a spectrum of synthetic network topologies, as well as on two real-word case studies: the integration time of the US domestic airport network, and the identification of the epidemic cluster of COVID-19 outbreaks in three major US states. The method proposed here allows for identifying phase transitions in empirical time-varying networks.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figure

ENT300 Penyangkai Temuai Enterprise / Flora Michelle Anak Tony... [et.al]

The business plan of PENYANGKAI TEMUAI ENTERPRISE is proposed so that it can be undertaken comprehensive manner. This business plan led us toward opportunity to access the business in the future. We decided to make a partnership in this business which we supply factory to produce the fish ball in tire premises, and we also supply it to wet market and supermarket. This business consists of four shareholders. All shareholders had agreed with the amount of contribution, profit and loss will incurred toward each of us. This is to ensure that no one will be discriminated as the profits and losses are divided at the end of the accounting period. Besides, the advantages of having partnership business is that all the shareholders will always share an ideas and knowledge which may led this business to gain more profits and also to achieved high productivity from time to time. In other hand, each partnership also responsible toward their job as each of us have a job which needed to be organized in order to ensure smooth management

Assessment of the Impact of Betulin on the Immune Status of Cows with Leukemia-Associated Infection

This study examined the immunity dynamics of bovine brucellosis-complicated leukemia, as well as the efficacy of treatment with betulin. Blood serum samples were taken from cows with specific brucellosis antibodies and bovine leukemia virus antibodies based on the results of complex diagnostic studies. Animals (n = 5) selected based on serological studies were injected subcutaneously with betulin-PEG three times with an interval of 7 days at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Blood was taken for hematological and immunological studies before the injection, and after the first, second and third injections. It was found that leukemia and brucellosis infections were accompanied by a significant increase in the number of leukocytes and lymphoid cells, as well as strong fluctuations in the leukocyte functional and metabolic activity parameters (from insignificant in some individual animals to significantly increased in others). Immunological restructuring of the body after triplicate administration of betulin-PEG was characterized by the restoration of the number of lymphoid cells to the level of clinically healthy animals, as well as a significant increase in the functional and metabolic activity of the neutrophilic granulocytes, especially their oxygen-dependent systems. Based on the results, the product is recommended as an effective means to restrain the leukemia process that is complicated with associated infection, as well as to use for seronegative animals in order to increase nonspecific resistance to BLV infection. Keywords: leukemia, brucellosis, cattle, immune status, betulin, immunocorrection, associated infectio

Development of the level of formation of managerial competence at the future pedagogues of physical culture in the aspect of comparative analysis

An article reveals the content of the concepts of "management", “managerial competence” and describes results of the experimental study on determination of the baseline level of formation of managerial competence at future teachers of physical culture. During the research, there was applied such method as analysis of the basic concepts based on the study of philosophical, psychological-pedagogical, sociological, special literature, normative documents and analytical materials of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan; the synthesis and interpretation of scientific data and experiment were carried out. The works of V. Sinyavsky and B.A. Fedorishin were the basis for use of the diagnostic instrumentation “Methodology for assessing the communicative and organizational abilities of the personality” on determination of the real state of formation of managerial competence at students. Two universities participated in the ascertaining experiment: West-Kazakhstan Innovative-Technological University (WKITU) and Kazakh Academy of Sport and Tourism (KAST), where students in the specialty “Physical culture and sport”, in the total number of 64 people, were involved. Thanks to the results of the ascertaining experiment, it was revealed that the process of formation of managerial competence at future teachers of physical culture corresponds to the level below the average. The following works were carried out in the research process: the essence of the concepts of "management", “managerial competence” was justified on the basis of the analysis of scientific psychological-pedagogical and special literature; the meaning of concept "managerial competence" was clarified; the experimental work on determination of the level of managerial competence at future teachers of physical culture was carried out. According to this research, the authors tried to determine the content of the concepts of "management", “managerial competence" and, for the first time, to identify the real state of the level of managerial competence at future teachers of physical culture; as well as the authors proposed their methodological recommendations for their further integration into the learning process

Growing Urban Bicycle Networks

Cycling is a promising solution to unsustainable urban transport systems. However, prevailing bicycle network development follows a slow and piecewise process, without taking into account the structural complexity of transportation networks. Here we explore systematically the topological limitations of urban bicycle network development. For 62 cities we study different variations of growing a synthetic bicycle network between an arbitrary set of points routed on the urban street network. We find initially decreasing returns on investment until a critical threshold, posing fundamental consequences to sustainable urban planning: Cities must invest into bicycle networks with the right growth strategy, and persistently, to surpass a critical mass. We also find pronounced overlaps of synthetically grown networks in cities with well-developed existing bicycle networks, showing that our model reflects reality. Growing networks from scratch makes our approach a generally applicable starting point for sustainable urban bicycle network planning with minimal data requirements.Comment: Main text: 14 pages, 7 figures. Website: http://growbike.ne

The Structure of D2-Branes in the Presence of an RR field

A Born--Infeld theory describing a $D2$--brane coupled to a 3--form RR potential is reconsidered and a new type of static solution is obtained which is even stable.Comment: 11 pages, 2 postscript figures, v2 a significantly revised including title, v3 expression of energy for D2 brane is improved, version to appear in JHE