Low Latency Low Loss Media Delivery Utilizing In-Network Packet Wash

This paper presents new techniques and mechanisms for carrying streams of layered video using Scalable Video Coding (SVC) from servers to clients, utilizing the Packet Wash mechanism which is part of the Big Packet Protocol (BPP). BPP was designed to handle the transfer of packets for high-bandwidth, low-latency applications, aiming to overcome a number of issues current networks have with high precision services. One of the most important advantages of BPP is that it allows the dynamic adaption of packets during transmission. BPP uses Packet Wash to reduce the payload, and the size of a packet by eliminating specific chunks. For video, this means cutting out specific segments of the transferred video, rather than dropping packets, as happens with UDP based transmission, or retrying the transmission of packets, as happens with TCP. The chunk elimination approach is well matched with SVC video, and these techniques and mechanisms are utilized and presented. An evaluation of the performance is provided, plus a comparison of using UDP or TCP, which are the other common approaches for carrying media over IP. Our main contributions are the mapping of SVC video into BPP packets to provide low latency, low loss delivery, which provides better QoE performance than either UDP or TCP, when using those techniques and mechanisms. This approach has proved to be an effective way to enhance the performance of video streaming applications, by obtaining continuous delivery, while maintaining guaranteed quality at the receiver. In this work we have successfully used an H264 SVC encoded video for layered video transmission utilizing BPP, and can demonstrate video delivery with low latency and low loss in limited bandwidth environments

Assessment of the Relationship Between the Femorotibial Angle and Meniscal Injury with Radiologic Imaging Methods

Aim:Our aim in this study was to determine the relationship between femorotibial angle and meniscal injuries and to evaluate the relationship between femorotibial angle and development of osteoarthritis.Methods:One hundred and one patients aged >18 years who had undergone knee magnetic resonance imaging and anterior-posterior radiographs were retrospectively re-evaluated. All magnetic resonance imaging scans of the knee was evaluated for meniscal injury, and femorotibial angle measurements were performed from the knee anterior-posterior radiographs. The relationship between femorotibial angle values and presence of meniscal injury was analyzed statistically.Results:In total, 101 knee joints belonging to 101 patients (55 female, 46 male) were included in the study. The median femorotibial angle value was 4°C (1-12) in the knee joints with medial meniscal injury and 4°C (0-12) in the normal knee joints. This was not statistically significant (p>0.01). The median femorotibial angle value was 5°C (1- 12) in the knee joints with lateral meniscal injury and 4°C (0-12) in the normal knee joints. This was not statistically significant (p>0.01).Conclusion:In our study, there was no statistically significant relationship between femorotibial angle values and presence of injury in medial and lateral menisci

Using packet trimming at the edge for in-network video quality adaption

This paper describes the effects of running in-network quality adaption by trimming the packets of layered video streams at the edge. The video stream is transmitted using the BPP transport protocol, which is like UDP, but has been designed to be both amenable to trimming and to provide low-latency and high reliability. The traffic adaption uses the Packet Wash process of Big Packet Protocol (BPP) on the transmitted Scalable Video Coding (SVC) video streams as they pass through a network function which is BPP-aware and embedded at the edge. Our previous work has either demonstrated the use of Software Defined Networking (SDN) controllers to implement Packet Wash directly, or the use of a network function in the core of the network to do the same task. This paper presents our effort to deploy and evaluate such a process at the edge, highlighting the packet trimming algorithm and showing the packet trimming effects on the streams. We compare the performance of transmitting video using BPP and the Packet Wash trimming, against alternative transmission schemes, namely UDP and HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS), presenting a number of quality parameters. The results demonstrate that providing traffic engineering using in-network quality adaption using packet trimming, provides high quality at the receiver

Radiological and Clinical Manifestations of Metastatic Pulmonary Calcification in a Patient with Parathyroid Hyperplasia

Metastatic pulmonary calcification (MPC) is the deposition of calcium salts in the walls of the alveoli and small blood vessels in normal tissue. MPC may be associated with end-stage renal disease, primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism, diffuse skeletal malignancy, intravenous calcium therapy, massive osteolysis from metastases, and multiple myeloma. We present a case of a 53-year-old-man with end-stage renal disease and primary hyperparathyroidism presented with hip and chest pain. Computed tomography of the chest revealed multiple, ground-glass opacities associated with poorly defined centrilobular nodules and numerous calcific nodules, consistent with MPC

Petrology and ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar dating of paragneisses from the Devrekani Massif (Central Pontides, Northern Turkey): Implications for the Jurassic high-T metamorphism in an extensional tectonic environment

The Devrekani Massif in the northern part of the Central Pontides (Northern Turkey) provides important clues to the regional tectonics and geodynamic processes associated with Jurassic high grade metamorphic conditions. This study reports new paragenetic assemblages, mineral compositions, whole-rock geochemistry and 40Ar-39Ar geochronological data from the paragneisses in the massif, and, discusses the P–T conditions and geodynamic implications of the Jurassic metamorphism during continental extension in the Central Pontides. Upper amphibolite to lower granulite facies paragneisses form one of the main lithological units in the massif. Within these, there are five different mineral parageneses with diagnostic mineral assemblages of: quartz, K-feldspar (An0-1Ab4-26Or73-96), plagioclase (An18-35), biotite [(XPhl: 0.28-0.57; Mg/(Mg+Fe2+): 0.33-0.61)], sillimanite, cordierite [(Mg/(Mg+Fe2+): 0.48-0.71)] and garnet (Alm43-80Grs0-18Prp5-23And0-4Sps10-33) with minor hercynite. Based on Na-in-Crd thermometry and GASP barometry results, the peak metamorphic conditions are 775±25°C and 6±1 kbar in the massif. The field relations, petrography and bulk chemical data suggest that the paragneisses, derived from shale-wackestone and pelitic sedimentary protoliths, are typical rock lithologies of an active continental margin. They display enrichments in LILE over HFSE, coupled with negative Nb and Ti anomalies, which are geochemical signatures of subduction-related sources. It is likely that the peak metamorphism took place during the Middle–Upper Jurassic period (ca. 174–156 Ma), suggesting that the metamorphic rocks cooled to 300-350°C at ca. 156 Ma. The mineral assemblages reveal that the prograde history passed from sillimanite zone conditions up to the cordierite-garnet-K-feldspar zone. The petrological and geochronological data indicate that the protoliths are related to multiple sources such as volcano-sedimentary successions. We conclude that the Devrekani Massif represents the products of pre-Jurassic sedimentation, and Permo-Carboniferous continental arc magmatism, overprinted by Jurassic metamorphism

Orta (Ankara) ve kb (Geyve ve Edremit) Anadolu'da Karakaya kompleksi içerisindeki mafik volkanik kayaçların jeolojisi ve petrolojisi

This study aims to reveal the geochemical signatures of the basic igneous rocks with well-determined age within the Karakaya Complex in Central and NW Anatolia and also exhibit the relationships between the studied units in terms of geological and petrographical features. The Karakaya Complex comprise a number of tectono-stratigraphic units in the studied regions (the Olukman Melange, the Bahçecik Formation, the Ortaoba Unit and the informally named pillow basalt-limestone association) and the pre-Karakaya basement unit (the Eymir Complex). The basic igneous rocks have been all intensely affected by hydrothermal metamorphism as reflected by the secondary products strongly overprinting the primary mineral phases and most of them exhibit vesicular structures which are filled by mainly calcite. The primary mineral assemblage dominating the basaltic rocks is clino-pyroxene, plagioclase and olivine, whereas secondary phases are characterized by actinolite, pistacite, zoisite/clinozoisite group and chlorite. Kaersutite, as a late stage magmatic mineral, is distinctive for Ti-augite bearing İmrahor basalts; on the other hand, the diabase dykes include hornblende as an essential primary phase. The basic rocks are represented by three groups; sub-alkaline, alkaline and transitional. The alkaline samples from İmrahor, Hasanoğlan, Kadirler and Ortaoba are of Anisian age and akin to oceanic-island basalts (OIB). The sub-alkaline and transitional samples from İmrahor and Ortaoba reflect P-MORB features and are younger than the first group. The diabase dykes cross-cutting the Eymir Complex, on the other hand, are too dissimilar, indicating back-arc basin signatures. Based on the data obtained from this study, the Karakaya Complex is characterized by a number of tectonic components (seamount, plume-related mid ocean ridge and back-arc basin) with different ages and origins,M.S. - Master of Scienc

Bir atık barajının geoteknik özellikleri ve stabilitesinin incelenmesi.

The objective of this study is to investigate the stability problems in tailing (i.e. mine waste) dams. A tailing dam is an embankment dam (made of natural borrow or tailing material) constructed to retain slurry-like mining wastes that are produced as a result of operation of mines. In the last 30 years, the stability of tailing dams has drawn much attention as a significant number of tailing dam failures have been recorded worldwide. These instability problems caused significant loss of life and damage to property in addition to environmental hazards. In this study causes of failure of tailing dams and their stability problems are investigated with respect to their geometric and material characteristics. Seepage and stability of tailing dams are studied through limit equilibrium method and finite element method. The effects of uncertainties in material properties on the stability of tailings dams is investigated. Within this context, Kastamonu-Kure copper tailings dam is used as a case study and material properties are determined by laboratory tests.M.S. - Master of Scienc

Paleotetiste ait Karakaya dalma-batma-eklenme prizması'ndaki okyanus adası ve dalma-batma-ilişkili toplulukların jeokimyası ve petrojenezi, orta ve kb Türkiye.

The Nilüfer Unit of the Karakaya Complex at the pre-Liassic basement of the Sakarya Composite Terrane is composed mainly of metabasaltic lithologies with limestones, and minor cherts and mudstones. These metabasic assemblages show OIB- and E-MORB-type geochemical signatures with variable enrichment in the most incompatible elements relative to N-MORB. The Eymir Unit consists of variably deformed metaclastics, and constitutes the matrix in which the Nilüfer-type blocks are embedded. In the Ankara region, the Eymir Unit is intruded by metadiabase dikes that display intra-oceanic SSZ-type signatures with a marked negative Nb anomaly combined with a slightly depleted HFSE budget relative to N-MORB. The wide range in trace element ratios displayed by the Nilüfer metabasic rocks can be explained by melt-mixing processes that has taken place within the spinel-garnet transition zone. Pb-Nd-Hf radiogenic isotope systematics reveal that the Nilüfer samples has been derived from enriched mantle sources, and a multi-component source mixing is required to explain their genesis. The Eymir metadiabases, however, require contribution from a sediment component that mixes with a depleted mantle source. The geochemical data when combined with the geological and petrographical observations suggest that the Nilüfer metabasic rocks represent ancient oceanic islands that were created by a heterogeneous mantle plume rising beneath the Palaeotethyan oceanic lithosphere. During the latest Triassic, these oceanic islands were incorporated into a subduction/accretion prism, where they mixed with the continental-derived assemblages of diverse origin, creating the Karakaya Complex. The intrusion of the SSZ-type metadiabases postdates the formation and deformation of the Complex.Ph.D. - Doctoral Progra

IMMOBILE TRACE ELEMENT SYSTEMATICS OF OCEANIC ISLAND BASALTS: THE ROLE OF OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE IN CREATING THE GEOCHEMICAL DIVERSITY

The Earth's mantle is known to be heterogeneous at different scales, which has been generally linked to the presence of diverse mantle reservoirs, some of which are believed to have remained isolated for long periods of time. When oceanic island basalts (OIBs) are subdivided into five distinct end-member groups on the basis of Sr-Nd-Pb isotope systematics, which include DM, EM1, EM2, HIMU and C, trace element systematics do not appear to be effective discriminators as isotopes, though an end-member signature may become dominant relative to others within a specific ratio range. Melting of a lithologically heterogeneous source or melting of distinct sources, which is followed by melt mixing, appears to be an important mechanism in creating variable geochemical signatures in OIB genesis. Ratio-based trace element modeling suggests that sole involvement of eclogitic components cannot explain the entire elemental variation observed in OIBs; a peridotitic component must have been involved in the genesis of all types of end-member signatures. Combined trace element and isotope systematics are consistent with the involvement of metasomatized oceanic lithosphere (crust + lithospheric mantle) with/without sediments. This mechanism, which involves slab components uprising within the plumes, may also have been the main reason causing the geochemical diversity in the Tethyan mantle