Broader niches revealed by fossil data don’t reduce estimates of range loss and fragmentation of African montane trees

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this record.The data supporting the results already exists and is freely available in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and the African Pollen Database (APD).Aim: Many species’ climate tolerances are broader than those estimated from current native ranges. Indeed, some Afromontane trees’ niches are up to 50% larger after incorporating fossil data. This expansion could reduce estimates of species’ future range loss due to climate change but also implies strong non-climatic limitations on species’ current ranges. One such limitation is land use, which fossil data suggest influences Afromontane tree distribution, preventing these trees from occupying warmer conditions than they currently do. We aim to assess the degree to which the broader climatic tolerances revealed by fossil data buffers projected range loss from climate and land use for Afromontane trees. Location: Africa. Time period: Last 21,000 years. Major taxa studied: Afromontane trees. Methods: We used species distribution models informed by both current and fossil distributions to project future ranges under climate and land-use projections. Results: We found that projected range reductions are only slightly ameliorated by incorporating fossil distributions and these improvements diminish further under severe land use or climate change scenarios. Taxa that are less impacted by climate are more impacted by intense land use. Depending on the severity of climate and land use, the geographic extent of Afromontane tree species’ ranges will contract by 40-85% and the trees will completely be lost from large portions of Africa. We projected that the surviving species’ ranges will become increasingly fragmented. Main conclusions: Maintaining Afromontane ecosystems will require mitigation of both climate and land-use change and protecting areas to optimize connectivity. Our findings caution that species with climate tolerances broader than their current range might not necessarily fare better under strong changes in climate or land use

Late onset of Huntington's disease

Twenty-five patients with late-onset Huntington's disease were studied; motor impairment appeared at age 50 years or later. The average age at onset of chorea was 57.5 years, with an average age at diagnosis of 63.1 years. Approximately 25% of persons affected by Huntington's disease exhibit late onset. A preponderance of maternal transmission was noted in late-onset Huntington's disease. The clinical features resembled those of mid-life onset Huntington's disease but progressed more slowly. Neuropathological evaluation of two cases reveal less severe neuronal atrophy than for mid-life onset disease

Validation of a 5-zone-car-cabin model to predict the energy saving potentials of a battery electric vehicle’s HVAC system

This paper presents a 5-zone-car-cabin model which is able to simulate the car cabin’s thermal condition depending on several influencing parameters. This includes the solar radiation, to which special attention is paid in this paper. In addition, a generic methodology for parameter optimization considering measurements on a reference vehicle is presented. Thus, a very high degree of determination of the model was achieved. This paper is motivated by the impact of auxiliary loads on overall energy consumption in battery electric vehicles. The further use of the model is intended to calculate the energy saving potentials of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system by reducing or increasing the target interior temperature. This is necessary for a predictive control of secondary consumers

The low-energy limit of AdS(3)/CFT2 and its TBA

We investigate low-energy string excitations in AdS3 × S3 × T4. When the worldsheet is decompactified, the theory has gapless modes whose spectrum at low energies is determined by massless relativistic integrable S matrices of the type introduced by Al. B. Zamolodchikov. The S matrices are non-trivial only for excitations with identical worldsheet chirality, indicating that the low-energy theory is a CFT2. We construct a Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz (TBA) for these excitations and show how the massless modes’ wrapping effects may be incorporated into the AdS3 spectral problem. Using the TBA and its associated Y-system, we determine the central charge of the low-energy CFT2 to be c = 6 from calculating the vacuum energy for antiperiodic fermions — with the vacuum energy being zero for periodic fermions in agreement with a supersymmetric theory — and find the energies of some excited states

Finite-gap equations for strings on AdS_3 x S^3 x T^4 with mixed 3-form flux

We study superstrings on AdS_3 x S^3 x T^4 supported by a combination of Ramond-Ramond and Neveu-Schwarz-Neveu-Schwarz three form fluxes, and construct a set of finite-gap equations that describe the classical string spectrum. Using the recently proposed all-loop S-matrix we write down the all-loop Bethe ansatz equations for the massive sector. In the thermodynamic limit the Bethe ansatz reproduces the finite-gap equations. As part of this derivation we propose expressions for the leading order dressing phases. These phases differ from the well-known Arutyunov-Frolov-Staudacher phase that appears in the pure Ramond-Ramond case. We also consider the one-loop quantization of the algebraic curve and determine the one-loop corrections to the dressing phases. Finally we consider some classical string solutions including finite size giant magnons and circular strings.Comment: 44 pages, 3 figures. v2: references and a discussion about perturbative results adde

Single impurity operators at critical wrapping order in the beta-deformed N=4 SYM

We study the spectrum of one single magnon in the superconformal beta-deformed N=4 SYM theory in the planar limit. We compute the anomalous dimensions of one-impurity operators O_{1,L}= tr(phi Z^{L-1}), including wrapping contributions at their critical order L.Comment: LaTeX, feynmf, Metapost, 20 pages, 11 figures, v2: results up to 11 loops completed, appendix on integral calculation extende

On the dressing factors, Bethe equations and Yangian symmetry of strings on AdS3 × S3 × T4

Integrability is believed to underlie the AdS3/CFT2 correspondence with sixteen supercharges. We elucidate the role of massless modes within this integrable framework. Firstly, we find the dressing factors that enter the massless and mixed-mass worldsheet S matrix. Secondly, we derive a set of all-loop Bethe Equations for the closed strings, determine their symmetries and weak-coupling limit. Thirdly, we investigate the underlying Yangian symmetry in the massless sector and show that it fits into the general framework of Yangian integrability. In addition, we compare our S matrix in the near-relativistic limit with recent perturbative worldsheet calculations of Sundin and Wulff