Apoptosis of Colorectal Cancer Cell on Sprague-Dawley Rats Induced with 1,2 Dimethylhidrazine and Phyllanthus Niruri Linn Extrac

Apoptosis cell is one of the main biomolecular predictors to determine kind of treatment given to patient with colorectal cancer and to predict the end result. Phyllanthus niruri Linn (P. niruri L) acts as antineoplastic but its potency on the process of cancer cell apoptosis has not been revealed yet. The objective of the research was to evaluate the apoptosis index of rats with colorectal cancer treated with and without P. niruri L. extract. This research used The Randomized Posttest-Only Control Group Design. As many as 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with 1,2 DMH 30 mg/kgBW once in every week. Four rats were sacrificed at week 9th, 11th and 13th to be observed the development of colorectal cancer. Induction was then stopped and other 18 rats were randomly located into two groups. The first group was positive control (K+) group consisted of 9 rats without P. niruri extract. The second group (X) was consisted of 9 rats with the application of P.niruri L. extract 13.5 mg/kg per day orally. All rats were terminated on week 19th, tumor lesion was proceed for Histopathology preparations and stained with Kit TUNEL-IHC (Apo-BrdU-IHCTM BioVision Cat #K403) to identify the apoptosis cell. Data were analyzed using unpaired t-test with significant level of p<0.05. The result showed that the average of apoptosis index of X treatment was 2.37 + 0.48 higher than K+ treatment namely 1.45 + 0.41 with a highly significance difference (p=0.000). Phyllanthus niruri L extract increased the apoptosis of colorectal cancer of Sprague-Dawley rats induced with 1,2 Dimethylhidrazin

HUBUNGAN ANTARA STATUS SOSIAL EKONOMI DENGAN RISIKO PEMBEDAHAN MENGGUNAKAN SURGICAL RISK CALCULATOR PADA PASIEN GENERAL ANESTESI DI RSUD KOTA YOGYAKARTA

Latar Belakang : Setiap pembedahan tidak terlepas dari risiko pembedahan yang akan menyertai. Risiko pembedahan tersebut dapat berupa komplikasi perioperatif maupun kematian. Surgical Risk Calculator adalah instrumen yang berisi faktor-faktor risiko dan digunakan dalam membantu prediksi risiko pembedahan untuk pengembangan kualitas bedah yang telah digunakan di Amerika dan juga telah divaliditas di Filipina. Salah satu hal yang dapat menggambarkan status kesehatan yang menyangkut risiko pembedahan adalah status sosial ekonomi. Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan antara status sosial ekonomi dengan risiko pembedahan menggunakan surgical risk calculator pada pasien general anestesi di RSUD Kota Yogyakarta Metode : Penelitian ini berdesain observasi korelasi crossectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien yang menjalani operasi general anestesi di RSUD Kota Yogyakarta. Sampel diambil secara accidental sampling 36 sampel dengan 6 sampel gugur. Analisa data menggunakan uji Fisher’s Exact Test. Hasil : Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara status sosial ekonomi dengan risiko mortalitas (p=0,002) (RP15,6; 95%IK 2,6-93,6), ada hubungan yang bermakna antara status sosial ekonomi dengan risiko penumonia(p=0,025) (RP 8,0; 95%IK 1,5-42,0), ada hubungan yang bermakna antara status sosial ekonomi dengan risiko komplikasi jantung(p=0,023) (RP 7,5; 95%IK 1,4-39,8). Status sosial ekonomi merupakan faktor risiko dari risiko pembedahan. Kesimpulan : Tedapat hubungan yang bermakna antara status sosial ekonomi dengan risiko pembedahan menggunakan surgical risk calculator. status sosial ekonomi yang rendah meningkatkan 15,6 kali risiko berlabel diatas rata-rata kejadian mortalitas, 8 kali risiko berlabel diatas rata-rata kejadian pneumonia, dan 7,5 kali risiko berlabel diatas rata-rata kejadian komplikasi jantung Kata Kunci : status sosial ekonomi, risiko pembedahan, general anestes

The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Blood Glucose Level among Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus is the disease which causes premature mortality, and the leading cause of&nbsp; blindness, heart disease, and kidney failure in the world with increasing prevalance. Exercise is fundamental in Diabetes Mellitus management which functions to improve insulin sensitivity and control blood glucose level. A number of studies have been carried out to explore the effect of aerobic exercises on blood glucose level among patients with type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. The research aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise’s type, frequency, intensity and duration on blood glucose level among patients with type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. This study was systematic review. The literature searches were specified from 2005-2020 through Pubmed and Google Scholar. 40 studies in total based on specific criteria was included to this study. Thirty-nine out of forty studies revealed that a variety of aerobic exercises such as walking, gymnastic (diabetic, aerobic, foot, ergonomic), step test as well as static cycling give impact on lowering blood glucose level. Seventeen out of forty studies fulfilling the criteria of frequency, duration and intensity showed that exercise helps reduce blood glucose level. In conclusion, performing aerobic exercise regularly and appropriately helps to lower blood glucose level among patients with type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN INFORMASI PRA BEDAH TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN PADA PASIEN PRA BEDAH MAYOR DI BANGSAL ORTHOPEDI RSUI KUSTATI SURAKARTA

The background of this research is the invention of particular phenomena, which the patient is on anxiety feeling at pre surgery stage, particularly the femur fracture patient on the orthopedic ward RSUI Kustati Surakarta. While, the aim of this study is to find the influence of delivering information pre surgery through the rate of decreasing patient anxiety before surgery. This research is planed as the experimental research at the type of one group pre test – posttest, completed with 58 subject. The sample collecting technique is at the same time with the method of quota sampling, while, the method of collecting data is completed with the questioner which is contain of the measurement of anxiety as Hamilton Anxiety Scale. The data analysis technique is using t-test. The result of the research is shows that there is differences of the rate of anxiety on the patient, before and after the therapeutic communication: the delivering information pre surgery at the orthopedic ward RSUI Kustati Surakarta. At least, it is shown with the computed of hiphotesys test completed with the significance rate as 5 % and the free degree of 57, it is shows that the result of t computed = 7,366 ttable = 2,002. However, related through the result of the research, it is suggested that the delivering information of pre surgery at the orthopedic ward RSUI Kustati Surakarta is extremely needed to be increased, at least, it is to descend the rate of patient anxiety in having surger

GAMBARAN MORTALITAS PASIEN DI RUANG PICU RSUD ABDUL WAHAB SJAHRANIE SAMARINDA PERIODE 2016-2017

Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) is a spscial functional caring unit thatprovides intensive treatments for infants and children. Human resources in PICU will doanything they can to save patients. This research try to describe the mortality patients inthe PICU room of RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda in the 2016-2017 period.We plan to use observational descriptive study using cross sectional data from medicalrecords of 2016-2017 PICU patients who had fulfilled the inclusion criteria of 143samples. The results showed that patients died at the age of &lt;60 months (49.3%) and ≥60months (18.1%), male sex died as much (34.4%) and (32.9%) in women , the diagnosiswas pneumonia (27.3%), GIT abnormalities (19.6%) and encephalitis (8.4%). Durationof treatment for &lt;48 hours (25.2%), 48-120 hours (26.6%) and&gt; 120 hours (48.3%), thenled to death caused were respiratory failure (48.2%), septic shock ( 21.7%) and multiorganfailure (10.5%). The majority of patients who died in PICU within &lt;60 months,men, diagnosis of pneumonia, length of treatment&gt; 120 hours with the most commoncause was respiratory failure

E-LEARNING-BASED TRAINING MODEL FOR ACCOUNTING TEACHERS IN EAST JAVA

The improvement of teachers competencies have been implemented through conventional training or “class” training. The model demands on high cost and limited participants. The survey result in East Java reveals that the majority of teachers seldom involve in training activities, meanwhile Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been accessible and affordable in cell‟s coverage area. The availability of ICT facilities provides opportunities to implement e-learning-based training for teachers. This research aims to use a development research and a test model of effectiveness by using an action research. The result of development signifies that e-learning model should concern in the capabilities of participants in ICT (Direct and Indirect Model). In common, both models contains component of online class orientation, training session and learning evaluation. The result of study shows this model is able to improve the teachers‟ capabilities in Financial Accounting. Teachers with high capabilities in ICT are more easily adapted with e-learning, hence all processes might be implemented in online basis. Conversely, teachers with low abilities in ICT are vulnerable for failures in online training. Accordingly, an indirect training might be executed through a phase of ICT orientation and orientation of online class before conducting further phases in online training. The improvement of effectiveness in independent learning process requires a comprehensive content in e-learning and should be performed in sequential basis. Additionally, it is prominent to implement training at the same time with school schedule. Despite of the availability of ICT facilities at school, an academic sharing might be easily comprehended. Keywords: E-Learning, Teacher Training, Accountin

Effect of Ethanol Extract of Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) URB on Anaerobic Bacterial Prophyromonas gingivalis In Vitro

Periodontitis is an inflamation of supporting tissues on teeth that became the main cause of Prophyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) bacteria. Treatment of periodontitis is by giving antibacterial agent therapy. Plants that have antibacterial effects one are Eleutherine bulbosa (UEB) bulbs from the Iridaceae family. This plant has been used for ethnobotany boils drugs and has been known to have antibacterial activity toward against intestinal pathogen bacteria that is anaerobic Gram Negative, but still unknown its activity against on oral pathogenic bacteria such as P. gingivalis. The purpose of this study was to know the effect of UEB extract on the growth of P. gingivalis bacteria as in vitro. UEB is taken from agriculture center in Samarinda city. UEB Simplisia was tested for antibacterial activity using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on BHI-A media supplemented with vitamin K and hemin. The bacteria which used were P. gingivalis ATCC® 33277. Blank disc 6 mm with nine concentrations attached to BHI-A medium, incubated for 24 hours at 37 °C in an anaerobic atmosphere, then sprayed MTT (3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenylttetrazoliumbromide) reagent and read a few moments later. For comparison, then used Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) 2 mg/ml. The statistical analysis with t-test and there was significant different if&nbsp; p&lt;0.05. The result showed that the higher concentration of UEB ethanol extract will increase the growth inhibition zone of P. gingivalis bacteria and reach maximum at 10 mg/ml concentration. The result of t-test showed no difference significant of P. gingivalis bacterial inhibition zone in the treatment group of 7.5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml concentration on CHX group. This study proves UEB ethanol extract can inhibit the growth of P. gingivalis bacteria. &nbsp