Collision metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to a lung nodule

Introduction Prostate cancer and pancreatic cancer are often complex pathologies that affect millions of patients worldwide. However, the incidence of a distant collision metastasis of both malignancies remains a rare and often poorly documented incidence. Case presentation A 75-year-old male patient with past history of prostate cancer on maximal androgen blockade was recently diagnosed with pancreatic cancer for which he underwent radical surgical resection of pancreas with curative intent. A metastatic lung nodule was noted on surveillance CT imaging and, subsequently, biopsied. A diagnosis of collision metastasis from two distinct primary malignancies was histopathologically confirmed following immunohistochemical evaluation. Conclusion We report the first case of collision metastasis of prostate and pancreatic adenocarcinomata to a lung nodule to the best of our knowledge

Proterozoic Charnockites at 1.6 & 1.0 Ga in the Eastern Ghats Belt, India, Mirror Secular Evolution of Continental Crust

As the Earth continued to cool down, the chemistry of granitic rocks reflect the changing conditions &/or processes of continental crust formation. Compared to the 1.0 Ga charnockites, the 1.0 Ga charnockites in the Eastern Ghats Belt, are more potassium and Rubidium rich, with more negative Eu anomalies and show much less HREE fractionation. Thus the 1.0 Ga charnockites are more evolved in composition and this is consistent with secular evolution of the continental crust throughout the Proterozoic era

Women’s Opinion about Women’s Rights regarding Family Planning in Hegarmanah Village, Jatinangor Subdistrict, West Java in 2013

Background: Universal Declaration of Human Rights stated that all mankind have equal right and dignity. Both woman and man have rights regarding family planning. It is often assumed that in developing country, women do not consider their rights in family planning decision making process. This study was carried out to determine the opinion of women regarding women’s rights in family planning.Methods: A descriptive study was carried out to 99 respondents during the period of August to October 2013, in Hegarmanah village, Jatinangor subdistrict. The inclusion criteria were women aged 15–49 years old, able to speak Bahasa Indonesia, and agreed to participate. Variables for this study were the opinions of the respondents regarding woman’s rights in family planning which were represented in 12 questions. Collected data were presented as percentages shown in tables.Results: Most of the respondents stated that they had the rights in family planning decision making, including choosing contraceptive methods, number of children, and spacing of each child. However, all of  the respondents agreed that men should be involved in it. More than half of the respondents stated that they asked opinion from family member regarding family planning especially their mothers. Cultural norms did not influence the family planning decision making. However, religion influenced the family planning decision making.Conclusions: Majority of the women in Hegarmanah village have the role to make decision on family planning by considering the opinions of their spouses, other family members, friends and their religions. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.52

Correlation of measured neon soft X-ray pulses of the INTI plasma focus with the reflected shock phase at 12KV

The six-phase Lee Model Code is used to fit the computed current waveform to the measured waveform of the INTI Plasma Focus (PF;2.2 kJ at 12 kV), a T2 PF device, operated as a source of Neon soft X-ray (SXR) with optimum yield around 2.5 - 3 Torr of neon. The characteristic He-like and H-like neon line SXR pulse is measured using a pair of SXR detectors with selected filters that, by subtraction, have a photon energy window of 900 to 1550 eV covering the region of the characteristic neon SXR lines. The aim of this paper is to investigate the correlation between the time histories of the measured Neon soft X-ray pulse and the reflected shock phase of the computed current waveform which has been fitted to the measured current waveform. Results shows that the characteristic neon SXR measured at 3.17 J with a pulse duration of 249 ns starts typically after the radial inward shock phase and increases in magnitude few ns before the pinch phase. It tails unto the first anomalous resistance, and decays at the second anomalous resistance

Neglected and Emerging Tropical Diseases in South and Southeast Asia and Northern Australia

This Special Issue focuses on recent research on the important emerging and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in South and South East Asia and Northern Australia. This region stretches from Pakistan in the west to the Philippines in the east, and includes Afghanistan and countries to the east, the Indian subcontinent, mainland South-East Asia, and the tropical regions of Australia. Many of these areas are highly endemic for important NTDs and other tropical diseases, including lymphatic filariasis (LF), soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH) such as hookworm infection, trichuriasis, ascariasis and strongy loidiasis, rickettsial diseases and arboviral diseases. Several of these diseases are targeted for elimination or enhanced control by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the next 5 to 10 years, although some have chronic lasting sequelae and disability needing lifelong management. Control methods used include preventive chemotherapy, enhanced screening and treatment, intensified disease management, vector control, interruption of human to animal transmission, environmental/sanitation improvements and disability prevention/mitigation

Hard X-ray standing-wave photoemission insights into the structure of an epitaxial Fe/MgO multilayer magnetic tunnel junction

The Fe/MgO magnetic tunnel junction is a classic spintronic system, with current importance technologically and interest for future innovation. The key magnetic properties are linked directly to the structure of hard-to-access buried interfaces, and the Fe and MgO components near the surface are unstable when exposed to air, making a deeper probing, nondestructive, in-situ measurement ideal for this system. We have thus applied hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HXPS) and standing-wave (SW) HXPS in the few kilo-electron-volt energy range to probe the structure of an epitaxially grown MgO/Fe superlattice. The superlattice consists of 9 repeats of MgO grown on Fe by magnetron sputtering on an MgO(001) substrate, with a protective Al2O3 capping layer. We determine through SW-HXPS that 8 of the 9 repeats are similar and ordered, with a period of 33 ± 4 Å, with the minor presence of FeO at the interfaces and a significantly distorted top bilayer with ca. 3 times the oxidation of the lower layers at the top MgO/Fe interface. There is evidence of asymmetrical oxidation on the top and bottom of the Fe layers. We find agreement with dark-field scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) and X-ray reflectivity measurements. Through the STEM measurements, we confirm an overall epitaxial stack with dislocations and warping at the interfaces of ca. 5 Å. We also note a distinct difference in the top bilayer, especially MgO, with possible Fe inclusions. We thus demonstrate that SW-HXPS can be used to probe deep buried interfaces of novel magnetic devices with few-angstrom precision

A holographic system for subsea recording and analysis of plankton and other marine particles

We report here details of the design, development, initial testing and field-deployment of the HOLOMAR system for in-situ subsea holography and analysis of marine plankton and nonliving particles. HOLOMAR comprises a submersible holographic camera ("HoloCam") able to record in-line and off-axis holograms at depths down to 100 m, together with specialised reconstruction hardware ("HoloScan") linked to custom image processing and classification software. The HoloCam consists of a laser and power supply, holographic recording optics and holographic plate holders, a water-tight housing and a support frame. It utilises two basic holographic geometries, in-line and off-axis such that a wide range of species, sizes and concentrations can be recorded. After holograms have been recorded and processed they are reconstructed in full three-dimensional detail in air in a dedicated replay facility. A computer-controlled microscope, using video cameras to record the image at a given depth, is used to digitise the scene. Specially written software extracts a binarised image of an object in its true focal plane and is classified using a neural network. The HoloCam was deployed on two separate cruises in a Scottish sea loch (Loch Etive) to a depth of 100 m and over 300 holograms were recorded

Functional genomics to identify the factors contributing to successful persistence and global spread of an antibiotic resistance plasmid

Background: The spread of bacterial plasmids is an increasing global problem contributing to the widespread dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes including β-lactamases. Our understanding of the details of the biological mechanisms by which these natural plasmids are able to persist in bacterial populations and are able to establish themselves in new hosts via conjugative transfer is very poor. We recently identified and sequenced a globally successful plasmid, pCT, conferring β-lactam resistance. Results: Here, we investigated six plasmid encoded factors (tra and pil loci; rci shufflon recombinase, a putative sigma factor, a putative parB partitioning gene and a pndACB toxin-antitoxin system) hypothesised to contribute to the 'evolutionary success' of plasmid pCT. Using a functional genomics approach, the role of these loci was investigated by systematically inactivating each region and examining the impact on plasmid persistence, conjugation and bacterial host biology. While the tra locus was found to be essential for all pCT conjugative transfer, the second conjugation (pil) locus was found to increase conjugation frequencies in liquid media to particular bacterial host recipients (determined in part by the rci shufflon recombinase). Inactivation of the pCT pndACB system and parB did not reduce the stability of this plasmid. Conclusions: Our findings suggest the success of pCT may be due to a combination of factors including plasmid stability within a range of bacterial hosts, a lack of a fitness burden and efficient transfer rates to new bacterial hosts rather than the presence of a particular gene or phenotype transferred to the host. The methodology used in our study could be applied to other 'successful' globally distributed plasmids to discover the role of currently unknown plasmid backbone genes or to investigate other factors which allow these elements to persist and spread

The Video Cenferencing Learning Environment In Distance Education A Study Of The Interaction Pattern.

This article reports on the study undertaken to elucidate the pattern of interactions in the Video Conferencing Learning Environment (VCLE) used as a course delivery mechanism in distance learning

Human PrimPol mutation associated with high myopia has a DNA replication defect

PrimPol is a primase-polymerase found in humans, and other eukaryotes, involved in bypassing lesions encountered during DNA replication. PrimPol employs both translesion synthesis and repriming mechanisms to facilitate lesion bypass by the replisome. PrimPol has been reported to be a potential susceptibility gene associated with the development of myopia. Mutation of tyrosine 89 to aspartic acid (PrimPolY89D) has been identified in a number of cases of high myopia, implicating it in the aetiology of this disorder. Here, we examined whether this mutation resulted in any changes in the molecular and cellular activities associated with human PrimPol. We show that PrimPolY89D has a striking decrease in primase and polymerase activities. The hydrophobic ring of tyrosine is important for retaining wild-type extension activity. We also demonstrate that the decreased activity of PrimPolY89D is associated with reduced affinities for DNA and nucleotides, resulting in diminished catalytic efficiency. Although the structure and stability of PrimPolY89D is altered, its fidelity remains unchanged. This mutation also reduces cell viability after DNA damage and significantly slows replication fork rates in vivo. Together, these findings establish that the major DNA replication defect associated with this PrimPol mutant is likely to contribute to the onset of high myopia