Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Related Pathways in Hemato-Lymphoid Malignancies

Angiogenesis is essential for malignant tumor growth. This has been documented for solid tumors, and there is an emerging evidence suggesting that tumor progression of hematolymphoid malignancies also depends on the induction of new blood vessel formation. The most important proangiogenic agent is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), activating VEGF receptors 1 and 2. The available data on angiogenesis in hemato-lymphoid malignancies, such as acute leukemias, myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative neoplasms, multiple myeloma, and lymphomas, point towards the significance of autocrine and paracrine VEGF-mediated effects for proliferation and survival of leukemia/lymphoma cells in addition to tumor vascularization. Antiangiogenic strategies have become an important therapeutic modality for solid tumors. Several antiangiogenic agents targeting VEGF-related pathways are also being utilized in clinical trials for the treatment of hemato-lymphoid malignancies, and in some instances these pathways have emerged as promising therapeutic targets. This review summarizes recent advances in the basic understanding of the role of angiogenesis in hemato-lymphoid malignancies and the translation of such basic findings into clinical studies

Frustration enhanced by Kitaev exchange in a j~eff=12\boldsymbol{\tilde{j}_{\text{eff}}=\frac12} triangular antiferromagnet

Triangular Heisenberg antiferromagnets are prototypes of geometric frustration, even if for nearest-neighbor interactions quantum fluctuations are not usually strong enough to destroy magnetic ordering: stronger frustration is required to stabilize a spin-liquid phase. On the basis of static magnetization and electron spin resonance measurements, we demonstrate the emergence of ${\tilde{j}_{\text{eff}}=\frac12}$ moments in the triangular-lattice magnet Na$_2$BaCo(PO$_4$)$_2$. These moments are subject to an extra source of frustration that causes magnetic correlations to set in far above both the magnetic ordering and Weiss temperatures. Corroborating the $\tilde{j}_{\text{eff}}=\frac12$ ground state, theory identifies ferromagnetic Kitaev exchange anisotropy as additional frustrating agent, altogether putting forward Na$_2$BaCo(PO$_4$)$_2$ as a promising Kitaev spin-liquid material.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures (published version) + supplemental material (4 pages

Magnetic Coupling and Single-Ion Anisotropy in Surface-Supported Mn-based Metal-Organic Networks

The electronic and magnetic properties of Mn coordinated to 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) in the Mn-TCNB 2D metal-ligand networks have been investigated by combining scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) performed at low temperature (3 K). When formed on Au(111) and Ag(111) substrates the Mn-TCNB networks display similar geometric structures. Magnetization curves reveal ferromagnetic (FM) coupling of the Mn sites with similar single-ion anisotropy energies, but different coupling constants. Low-temperature XMCD spectra show that the local environment of the Mn centers differs appreciably for the two substrates. Multiplet structure calculations were used to derive the corresponding ligand field parameters confirming an in-plane uniaxial anisotropy. The observed interatomic coupling is discussed in terms of superexchange as well as substrate-mediated magnetic interactions.Comment: J. Phys. Chem. C 201

Ligand field parameters and the ground state of Fe(II) phthalocyanine

A judicious analysis of previously published experimental data leads one to conclude that the ground state of iron(II) phthalocyanine is an orbitally degenerate spin triplet a21ge↑⏐⏐↓↑⏐gb↑2g (3 E g ). The ligand field parameters, in relation to Racah's C, are approximately as follows: B 20/C = 0.84, B 40/C = 0.0074. The uniqueness of this result is demonstrated by means of a special diagram in the B 20/C − B 40/C plane (under additional conditions that B 44/B 40 = 35/3 and B/C = 0.227). The system is in a strong-ligand-field regime, which enables the use of single-determinant techniques corrected for correlations within the 3d shell of Fe

Exchange integrals in Mn- and Co-doped II-VI semiconductors

International audienceExchange integrals between nearest-neighbor (NN) transition metal ions in II-VI diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) are calculated within a local superexchange model, which includes orbital-dependent transfer, on-site Coulomb repulsion and Hund's exchange between 3d electrons, and ligand field effects. This extended model gives a quantitative account for the available experimental data on the NN exchange constants in all II-VI DMS family (wurtzite and zinc-blende) doped by cobalt or manganese. As expected, all obtained exchange integrals are antiferromagnetic. Remarkably, the model input parameters are taken directly from the photoemission spectroscopy. We show that in the case of Co-doped compounds, as compared to Mn-doped ones, the exchange process has at least two salient features. The first one is that the electron transfer between NN Co 2+ 3d orbitals strongly depends on their symmetry positions in the crystal lattice. The second one is related to a peculiar virtual process, involving empty and occupied Co 2+ 3d orbitals, which leads to an additional ferromagnetic contribution to the exchange constant. We argue that our systematic study of the superexchange opens a pathway toward an understanding of other exchange mechanisms occurring in DMSs

Spatial anisotropy of the exchange integrals in Mn-doped wurtzite-type semiconductors

International audienceWe propose an alternative explanation, as compared to one reported in the literature, to the experimentally observed spatial anisotropy ξ = J 1 /J in 1 (J 1 = J in 1 − J out 1) of the nearest neighbor exchange integral J 1 in Mndoped semiconductors with the wurtzite structure. We show that the main contribution to ξ is ferromagnetic and comes from a looped exchange path which involves two distinct anions. A comparison between our calculations, that use the results of photoemission spectroscopy as input parameters, and the available data for three wurtzite materials, CdS:Mn, CdSe:Mn, and ZnO:Mn, shows a good quantitative agreement between theory and experiment in the case of cadmium compounds and only a qualitative one in the case of ZnO:Mn

Core-defect reduction in ZnO nanorods by cobalt incorporation

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods grown by the low-temperature (90 degrees C) aqueous chemical method with different cobalt concentration within the synthesis solution (from 0% to 15%), are studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), just above the liquid helium temperature. The anisotropic spectra of substitutional Co2+ reveal a high crystalline quality and orientation of the NRs, as well as the probable presence of a secondary disordered phase of ZnO: Co. The analysis of the EPR spectra indicates that the disappearance of the paramagnetic native core-defect (CD) at g similar to 1.96 is correlated with the apparition of the Co2+ ions lines, suggesting a gradual neutralization of the former by the latter. We show that only a little amount of cobalt in the synthesis solution (about 0.2%) is necessary to suppress almost all these paramagnetic CDs. This gives insight in the experimentally observed improvement of the crystal quality of diluted ZnO: Co nanorods, as well as into the control of paramagnetic defects in ZnO nanostructures.Funding Agencies|NATO project Science for Peace (SfP), Novel nanostructures [984735]</p