Perilaku Bertanggung Jawab Lingkungan: Kesadaran Lingkungan Siswa pada Pendidikan Biologi

This study aims to obtain information about the relationship between environmental awareness and responsible environmental behavior of students and other factors that influence the environmentally responsible behavior of students. Retrieval of quantitative data using a questionnaire with a rating scale for variables X and Y. Analysis of quantitative data with a prerequisite test in the form of a normality test using the kolmogorov-smirnov test and a homogeneity test using a levene statistic. Testing the data hypothesis using the correlation test with the product moment pearson formula with SPSS 26. Qualitative research data with interviews. Qualitative data analysis by reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The results showed that there was a positive relationship between environmental awareness and environmentally responsible behavior with the regression equation Ŷ = 99.939 + 0.161x with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.195 and r2 of 3.80%. The price of r2 means that 3.80% of responsible environmental behavior is influenced by environmental awareness, while 96,20% are influenced by other factors. Based on the results of the interview, the factors that can influence environmentally responsible behavior are family, habits, environment (friendship and  school environment) and information. Biology education is important to be applied so that students care about the environment

Toward a common understanding of ocean multi-use

The “open ocean” has become a highly contested space as coastal populations and maritime uses soared in abundance and intensity over the last decades. Changing marine utilization patterns represent a considerable challenge to society and governments. Maritime spatial planning has emerged as one tool to manage conflicts between users and achieve societal goals for the use of marine space; however, single-sector management approaches are too often still the norm. The last decades have seen the rise of a new ocean use concept: the joint “multi-use” of ocean space. This paper aims to explain and refine the concept of ocean multi-use of space by reviewing the development and state of the art of multi-use in Europe and presenting a clear definition and a comprehensive typology for existing multi-use combinations. It builds on the connectivity of uses and users in spatial, temporal, provisional, and functional dimensions as the underlying key characteristic of multi-use dimensions. Combinations of these dimensions yield four distinct types of multi-use with little overlap between them. The diversity of types demonstrates that there is no one-size-fits-all management approach, but rather that adaptive management plans are needed, focusing on achieving the highest societal benefit while minimizing conflicts. This work will help to sharpen, refine and advance the public and academic discourse over marine spatial planning by offering a common framework to planners, researchers and users alike, when discussing multi-use and its management implications

Characterization of regulation of expression and nuclear/nucleolar localization of Arabidopsis ribsomal proteins

Ribosomal proteins (RPs), synthesized in the cytoplasm, need to be transported from the cytoplasm to the nucleolus (a nuclear compartment), where a single molecule of each RP assembles with rRNAs to form the large and small ribosomal subunits. The objectives of this research were to identify nuclear/nucleolar localization signals (NLSs/NoLSs; generally basic motifs) that mediate the transport of Arabidopsis RPL23aA, RPL15A and RPS8A into the nucleus and nucleolus, and to study transcriptional regulation and subcellular localization of RPs. While all previous research has shown that nucleolar localization of proteins is mediated by specific basic motifs, in this study, I showed that a specific number of basic motifs mediated nucleolar localization of RPL23aA, rather than any specific motifs. In this protein, single mutations of any of its eight putative NLSs (pNLSs) had no effect on nucleolar localization, however, the simultaneous mutation of all eight completely disrupted nucleolar localization, but had no effect on nuclear localization. Furthermore, mutation of any four of these pNLSs had no effect on localization, while mutation of more than four increasingly disrupted nucleolar localization, suggesting that any combination of four of the eight pNLSs is able to mediate nucleolar localization. These results support a charge-based system for the nucleolar localization of RPL23aA. While none of the eight pNLSs of RPL23aA were required for nuclear localization, in RPS8A and RPL15A, of the 10 pNLSs in each, the N-terminal two and three NLSs, respectively, were absolutely required for nuclear/nucleolar localization. Considering the presence of only a single molecule of each RP in any given ribosome, which obligates the presence of each RP in the nucleolus in equal quantities, I studied transcriptional regulation of Arabidopsis RP genes and the subcellular localization of five RP families to determine the extent of coordinated regulation of these processes. Variation of up to 300-fold was observed in the expression levels of RP genes. However, this variation was drastically reduced when the expression level was considered at the RP gene family level, indicating that coordinate regulation of expression of RP genes, coding for individual RP isoforms, is more stringent at the family level. Subcellular localization also showed differential targeting of RPs to the cytoplasm, nucleus and nucleolus, together with a significant difference in the nucleolar import rates of RPS8A and RPL15A. Although one could expect coordinated regulation of the processes preceding ribosomal subunit assembly in the nucleolus, my results suggest differential regulation of these processes