138 research outputs found
Detecting early signs of depressive and manic episodes in patients with bipolar disorder using the signature-based model
Recurrent major mood episodes and subsyndromal mood instability cause
substantial disability in patients with bipolar disorder. Early identification
of mood episodes enabling timely mood stabilisation is an important clinical
goal. Recent technological advances allow the prospective reporting of mood in
real time enabling more accurate, efficient data capture. The complex nature of
these data streams in combination with challenge of deriving meaning from
missing data mean pose a significant analytic challenge. The signature method
is derived from stochastic analysis and has the ability to capture important
properties of complex ordered time series data. To explore whether the onset of
episodes of mania and depression can be identified using self-reported mood
data.Comment: 12 pages, 3 tables, 10 figure
Spitzer Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of 70um-Selected Distant Luminous Infrared Galaxies
We present mid-infrared spectroscopy obtained with the Spitzer Space
Telescope of a sample of 11 optically faint, infrared luminous galaxies
selected from a Spitzer MIPS 70um imaging survey of the NDWFS Bootes field.
These are the first Spitzer IRS spectra presented of distant 70um-selected
sources. All the galaxies lie at redshifts 0.3<z<1.3 and have very large
infrared luminosities of L_IR~ 0.1-17 x 10^12 solar luminosities. Seven of the
galaxies exhibit strong emission features attributed to polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs). The average IRS spectrum of these sources is
characteristic of classical starburst galaxies, but with much larger infrared
luminosities. The PAH luminosities of L(7.7) ~ 0.4 - 7 x 10^11 solar
luminosities imply star formation rates of ~ 40 - 720 solar masses per year.
Four of the galaxies show deep 9.7um silicate absorption features and no
significant PAH emission features (6.2um equivalent widths < 0.03um). The large
infrared luminosities and low f70/f24 flux density ratios suggests that these
sources have AGN as the dominant origin of their large mid-infrared
luminosities, although deeply embedded but luminous starbursts cannot be ruled
out. If the absorbed sources are AGN-dominated, a significant fraction of all
far-infrared bright, optically faint sources may be dominated by AGN.Comment: 8 Pages, ApJ accepte
Learning to Detect Bipolar Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder with Language and Speech in Non-Clinical Interviews
Bipolar disorder (BD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are both
chronic psychiatric disorders. However, their overlapping symptoms and common
comorbidity make it challenging for the clinicians to distinguish the two
conditions on the basis of a clinical interview. In this work, we first present
a new multi-modal dataset containing interviews involving individuals with BD
or BPD being interviewed about a non-clinical topic . We investigate the
automatic detection of the two conditions, and demonstrate a good linear
classifier that can be learnt using a down-selected set of features from the
different aspects of the interviews and a novel approach of summarising these
features. Finally, we find that different sets of features characterise BD and
BPD, thus providing insights into the difference between the automatic
screening of the two conditions
Exploring the spectral diversity of low-redshift Type Ia supernovae using the Palomar Transient Factory
We present an investigation of the optical spectra of 264 low-redshift (z <
0.2) Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) discovered by the Palomar Transient Factory,
an untargeted transient survey. We focus on velocity and pseudo-equivalent
width measurements of the Si II 4130, 5972, and 6355 A lines, as well those of
the Ca II near-infrared (NIR) triplet, up to +5 days relative to the SN B-band
maximum light. We find that a high-velocity component of the Ca II NIR triplet
is needed to explain the spectrum in ~95 per cent of SNe Ia observed before -5
days, decreasing to ~80 per cent at maximum. The average velocity of the Ca II
high-velocity component is ~8500 km/s higher than the photospheric component.
We confirm previous results that SNe Ia around maximum light with a larger
contribution from the high-velocity component relative to the photospheric
component in their Ca II NIR feature have, on average, broader light curves and
lower Ca II NIR photospheric velocities. We find that these relations are
driven by both a stronger high-velocity component and a weaker contribution
from the photospheric Ca II NIR component in broader light curve SNe Ia. We
identify the presence of C II in very-early-time SN Ia spectra (before -10
days), finding that >40 per cent of SNe Ia observed at these phases show signs
of unburnt material in their spectra, and that C II features are more likely to
be found in SNe Ia having narrower light curves.Comment: 18 page, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Social and psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK medical and nursing students: protocol for a national medical and nursing student survey
INTRODUCTION: Healthcare students have played a significant role in the National Health Service during the COVID-19 pandemic. We captured data on the well-being of medical students during the acute phase of the pandemic with the Social and Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on medical students: a national survey Evaluation (SPICE-19) study. We will evaluate changes in mental health and well-being of medical and nursing students 1 year after SPICE-19, in a cross-sectional study, to understand the impact of the pandemic, and inform well-being policies. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This study will be a national, multi-institution, cross-discipline study. An online 53-item survey of demographics, mental health and well-being will be used to record responses. Students studying for a medical or nursing degree at any UK universities will be eligible to participate. The survey will be advertised through the Neurology and Neurosurgery Interest Group national network. Participation is anonymous and voluntary, with relevant mental health resources made available to participants. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval was granted by the University of Oxford Central University Research Ethics Committee (R75719/RE001) on 21 May 2021. Study findings will be presented at national and international meetings, and submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal
Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for adults aged 18-64 years and adults aged 65 years or older: an integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep
The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology assembled a Consensus Panel representing national organizations, content experts, methodologists, stakeholders, and end-users and followed an established guideline development procedure to create the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults aged 18-64 years and Adults aged 65 years or older: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep. These guidelines underscore the importance of movement behaviours across the whole 24-h day. The development process followed the strategy outlined in the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument. A large body of evidence was used to inform the guidelines including 2 de novo systematic reviews and 4 overviews of reviews examining the relationships among movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep, and all behaviours together) and several health outcomes. Draft guideline recommendations were discussed at a 4-day in-person Consensus Panel meeting. Feedback from stakeholders was obtained by survey (n = 877) and the draft guidelines were revised accordingly. The final guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for a healthy day (24-h), comprising a combination of sleep, sedentary behaviours, and light-intensity and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity. Dissemination and implementation efforts with corresponding evaluation plans are in place to help ensure that guideline awareness and use are optimized. Novelty First ever 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults aged 18-64 years and Adults aged 65 years or older with consideration of a balanced approach to physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep Finalizes the suite of 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Canadians across the lifespa
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