Through the Lens of The Four Loves: The Idea of Love in The Screwtape Letters

It is my contention that when C.S. Lewis wrote his non-fiction book The Four Loves and published it in 1960, he had not been thinking about love in all of its manifestations for just a short time before it was written. All of the fictional works he wrote over the years, beginning in at least 1938, reflect his definitions and descriptions of the various kinds of love and their perversions that he systematically desctibes so well in The Four Loves. He does this in his fiction through his various characters and their actions. In Out of the Silent Planet (1938), Perelandra (1943), That Hideous Strength (1945), The Screwtape Letters (1942), The Great Divorce (1945), and Till We Have Faces (1956), Lewis demonstrates each kind of love he discusses in The Four Loves. For the 2014 Colloquium, I would like to focus on The Screwtape Letters in order to reveal the ways C.S. Lewis shows the reader the four kinds of love and their perversions instead of just refining and discussing the kinds of love as he does in The Four Loves

Through the Lens of The Four Loves: The Idea of Love in Till We Have Faces

It is my contention that when C.S. Lewis wrote his non-fiction book The Four Loves and published it in 1960, he had not been thinking about love in all of its manifestations for just a short time before it was written. All of the fictional works he wrote over the years, beginning in at least 1938, reflect his definitions and descriptions of the various kinds of love and their perversions that he systematically describes so well in The Four Loves. He does this in his fiction through his various characters and their actions. Specifically, in Out of the Silent Planet (1938), Perelandra, (1943), That Hideous Strength (1945), The Screwtape Letters(1942), The Great Divorce (1945), and Till We Have Faces (1956), Lewis demonstrates each kind of love he discusses in The Four Loves. For the 2012 Colloquium, I would like to focus on Till We Have Faces in order to reveal the ways C.S. Lewis shows the reader the four kinds of love and their perversions instead of just defining and discussing the kinds of love as he does in The Four Loves

Through the Lens of The Four Loves: The Concept of Love in The Great Divorce

Even though C.S. Lewis wrote his non-fiction book, The Four Loves, later than his fiction, I content that he had been using the concepts of love that he finally wrote about in that book to shape his characters in all of his fiction. I will be examining his fictional The Great Divorce to discover which characters personify the kinds of love and their perversions discussed in The Four Loves as a way to better understand the novel as well as Lewis’s perceptions of love

Interpersonal conflict within the context of the organization

This investigation was concerned with individual conflict management styles and situations. Participants were asked to complete the Organizational Communication Conflict Instrument (OCCI) (Putnam & Wilson, 1982) based on a particular conflict with a friend who is not a co-worker and a friend who is a co-worker. Results found that individuals do not change their conflict management styles based on situations. Also considered were the Big Three (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1985) personality types and their relationship to variability in one\u27s conflict management styles. There were no relationships between variability and the Big Three

Growth and laying performance of medium-type pullets subjected to Quantitative and qualitative food restriction

No Abstrac

1935 The Freshman, vol. 2, no. 13

The Freshman was a weekly, student newsletter issued on Mondays throughout the academic year. The newsletter included calendar notices, coverage of campus social events, lectures, and athletic teams. The intent of the publication was to create unity, a sense of community, and class spirit among first year students. The front page of issue 13 is dedicated in memoriam of Emile J. Dawson (1910-1932), who died from a cerebral hemorrhage after he struck his head on a concrete floor at the Armory, knocked down by his opponent in an intramural boxing tournament

Automated DNA Sequence-Based Early Warning System for the Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Outbreaks

BACKGROUND: The detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) usually requires the implementation of often rigorous infection-control measures. Prompt identification of an MRSA epidemic is crucial for the control of an outbreak. In this study we evaluated various early warning algorithms for the detection of an MRSA cluster. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Between 1998 and 2003, 557 non-replicate MRSA strains were collected from staff and patients admitted to a German tertiary-care university hospital. The repeat region of the S. aureus protein A (spa) gene in each of these strains was sequenced. Using epidemiological and typing information for the period 1998–2002 as reference data, clusters in 2003 were determined by temporal-scan test statistics. Various early warning algorithms (frequency, clonal, and infection control professionals [ICP] alerts) were tested in a prospective analysis for the year 2003. In addition, a newly implemented automated clonal alert system of the Ridom StaphType software was evaluated. A total of 549 of 557 MRSA were typeable using spa sequencing. When analyzed using scan test statistics, 42 out of 175 MRSA in 2003 formed 13 significant clusters (p < 0.05). These clusters were used as the “gold standard” to evaluate the various algorithms. Clonal alerts (spa typing and epidemiological data) were 100% sensitive and 95.2% specific. Frequency (epidemiological data only) and ICP alerts were 100% and 62.1% sensitive and 47.2% and 97.3% specific, respectively. The difference in specificity between clonal and ICP alerts was not significant. Both methods exhibited a positive predictive value above 80%. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid MRSA outbreak detection, based on epidemiological and spa typing data, is a suitable alternative for classical approaches and can assist in the identification of potential sources of infection

The Small Colony Variant of<i> Listeria monocytogenes</i> Is More Tolerant to Antibiotics and Has Altered Survival in RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophages

Small Colony Variant (SCV) cells of bacteria are a slow-growing phenotype that result from specific defects in the electron transport chain. They form pinpoint colonies on agar plates and have a variety of phenotypic characteristics, such as altered carbon metabolism, decreased toxin and lytic enzyme production, aminoglycoside resistance, and increased intracellular persistence. They are clinically relevant in Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, serving as a reservoir for recurrent or prolonged infections. Here, we found that a SCV mutant in the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (strain SCV E18), similar to the high persister mutant phenotype, survived significantly better than the wild type when exposed over a 48-h period to concentrations above Minimal Inhibitory Concentration for most tested antibiotics. SCV E18 survived more poorly than the wildtype in unactivated RAW264.7 macrophage cells, presumably because of its reduced listeriolysin O expression, however, it survived better in reactive oxygen species producing, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-activated macrophages. Although SCV E18 was sensitive to oxygen as it entered the stationary phase, it was significantly more tolerant to H(2)O(2) than the wild type, which may result from a shift in metabolism, however, further investigation is needed to resolve this. SCV E18 is a spontaneous mutant with a point mutation in the hemA gene. A wild type copy of hemA was complemented on plasmid pSOG30222, which restored the wild type phenotype. The results reported here suggest that the SCV of L. monocytogenes could be of clinical importance and highlight a need for adequate clinical screening for this phenotype, as it could affect antibiotic treatment outcomes