Alien Registration- Wilson, Eola F. (Mars Hill, Aroostook County)

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Effects of plant extracts and essential oils as feed supplements on quality and microbial traits of rabbit meat

[EN] The effects of dietary supplementation of onion, cranberry,  strawberry and essentials oils on meat quality were analysed. Five groups of 48 Grimaud female weaned rabbits received the supplemented or the control ration; the experimental unit was a cage of 6 rabbits. Each experimental diet contained 10 ppm of added active ingredients.  Rabbits were fed with the experimental diets for 4 wk before determining slaughter and carcass traits and determining the pH at 1 and 24 h post mortem (pHu) of the Longissimus dorsi (LD) and the Biceps femoris (BF) muscle, left and right, respectively. Cooking loss, drip loss and L*, a* and b* color parameters were obtained of the right LD and for ground meat and antioxidant status (TBARS, DNPH, Folin Ciocalteu). Only the pHu of the LD muscle for the strawberry supplemented group was significantly lower when compared to the control group (P=0.04). However, we note that for the pH of the LD, the average was less than 6 for the meat of animals who received a diet enriched in polyphenols, compared to the control group. Plant extract supplementation did not influence meat quality traits, growth performance or oxidative stability. But under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, our results indicate that diet supplementation with extracts rich in polyphenols, especially with essential oils, had a small bot sporadic positive effect in reducing bacterial microflora compared to the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, plant extracts and essential oils can be used in a rabbit diet without adverse effects on performance and meat quality traits. This effect could be optimized by investigating higher doses.Kone, AP.; Cinq-Mars, D.; Desjardins, Y.; Guay, F.; Gosselin, A.; Saucier, L. (2016). Effects of plant extracts and essential oils as feed supplements on quality and microbial traits of rabbit meat. World Rabbit Science. 24(2):107-119. doi:10.4995/wrs.2016.3665SWORD107119242AOAC. 1995. Official methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 15th Ed. AOAC, Arlington, VA. USA.Bízková Z., Tumová E. 2010. Physical characteristics of rabbit meat: a review. Scienta Agriculturae Bohemica., 4: 236-241.Botsoglou, N. A., Govaris, A., Botsoglou, E. N., Grigoropoulou, S. H., & Papageorgiou, G. (2003). Antioxidant Activity of Dietary Oregano Essential Oil and α-Tocopheryl Acetate Supplementation in Long-Term Frozen Stored Turkey Meat. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(10), 2930-2936. doi:10.1021/jf021034oBrichta-Harhay, D. M., Arthur, T. M., Bosilevac, J. M., Guerini, M. N., Kalchayanand, N., & Koohmaraie, M. (2007). Enumeration of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef, cattle carcass, hide and faecal samples using direct plating methods†. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 103(5), 1657-1668. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03405.xCardinali R., Dal Bosco A., Mugnai C., Mattioli S., Ruggeri S., Dalle Zotte A., Sartori A., Cullere M., Castellini C. 2012. Effect of different dietary aromatic essences on meat quality of rabbit. In Proc.: 10th World Rabbit Congress, 3-6 September, 2012, Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. 6: 925- 929.CIE. 2004. International Commission on Illumination. Colorimetry. Publication 15. 3rd edition, Bureau Central de la CIE.Combes S. 2004. Valeur nutritive de la viande de lapin. INRA Prod. Anim., 17: 373-383.Fraysse J.L., Darre A. 1989. Production des viandes. Volume I. Ed Technique et documentation. Lavoisier. Paris, pp. 374.Greer G.G., 1989. Red meat, poultry, and fish. In: McKellar R.C. (ed). Enzymes of psychotrophs in raw food. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, USA, 267-292.King J.C., Black R.E., Doyle M.P., Fritsche K.L., Halbrook B.H., Levander O.A., Meydani S.N., Walker W.A., Woteki C.E. 2000. Foodborne illnesses and nutritional status: a statement from an american society for nutritional sciences working group. J. Nutr., 130: 2613-2617.Magdelaine P. 2003. Économie et avenir des filières avicoles et cunicoles. INRA Prod. Anim., 16: 349-356.Peiretti, P. G., & Meineri, G. (2008). Effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and the fat and meat fatty acid profile of rabbits fed diets with chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed supplements. Meat Science, 80(4), 1116-1121. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.05.003Pla M. 1999. Carcass and meat quality of growing rabbits under high ambient temperature using high fat diets. In: Testik A., Baselga M. (ed). 2nd International Conference on rabbit production in hot climates. Ciheam-Iamz Adana (Turquía). Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes, 41: 93-98.Rasmussen A.J., Andersson M. 1996. New method for determination of drip loss in pork muscles. In Proc.: 42nd International Congress of Meat Science and Technology,1-6 September, 1996. Lillehammer, Norway. 286-287.Rotolo, L., Gai, F., Nicola, S., Zoccarato, I., Brugiapaglia, A., & Gasco, L. (2013). Dietary Supplementation of Oregano and Sage Dried Leaves on Performances and Meat Quality of Rabbits. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 12(11), 1937-1945. doi:10.1016/s2095-3119(13)60631-0Salvini S., Parpinel M., Gnagnarella P., Maisonneuve P., Turrini A. 1998. Banca dati di composizione degli alimenti per studi epidemiologici in Italia. Ed. Istituto Superiore di Oncologia, Genova, Italy.SAS. 2002. SAS/STAT User's Guide (Release 9.1). SAS Institute, Inc., Cary NC, USA.Subramanian K.N., Padmanaban G., Sarma P.S. 1965. Folin-Ciocalteu reagent for the estimation of siderochromes. Anal. Biochem., 12: 106-112. doi:10.1016/0003-2697(65)90147-Thomas M.K., Majowicz S.E, Pollari F., Sockett P.N. 2008. Burden of acute gastrointestinal illness in Canada, 1999-2007: Interim summary of NSAGI activities. Canada Communicable Disease Report, 34: 8-13

What is the fate of the river waters of Hudson Bay?

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2011. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Marine Systems 88 (2011): 352-361, doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.02.004.We examine the freshwater balance of Hudson and James bays, two shallow and fresh seas that annually receive 12% of the pan- Arctic river runoff. The analyses use the results from a 3–D sea ice-ocean coupled model with realistic forcing for tides, rivers, ocean boundaries, precipitation, and winds. The model simulations show that the annual freshwater balance is essentially between the river input and a large outflow toward the Labrador shelf. River waters are seasonally exchanged from the nearshore region to the interior of the basin, and the volumes exchanged are substantial (of the same order of magnitude as the annual river input). This lateral exchange is mostly caused by Ekman transport, and its magnitude and variability are controlled by the curl of the stress at the surface of the basin. The average transit time of the river waters is 3.0 years, meaning that the outflow is a complex mixture of the runoff from the three preceding years.We thank NSERC and the Canada Research Chairs program for funding. FS acknowledges support from NSF OCE-0751554 and ONR N00014-08-10490

Effect of acute copper sulfate exposure on olfactory responses to amino acids and pheromones in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Exposure of olfactory epithelium to environmentally relevant concentrations of copper disrupts olfaction in fish. To examine the dynamics of recovery at both functional and morphological levels after acute copper exposure, unilateral exposure of goldfish olfactory epithelia to 100 μM CuSO4 (10 min) was followed by electro-olfactogram (EOG) recording and scanning electron microscopy. Sensitivity to amino acids (L-arginine and L-serine), generally considered food-related odorants, recovered most rapidly (three days), followed by that to catecholamines(3-O-methoxytyramine),bileacids(taurolithocholic acid) and the steroid pheromone, 17,20 -dihydroxy-4-pregnen- 3-one 20-sulfate, which took 28 days to reach full recovery. Sensitivity to the postovulatory pheromone prostaglandin F2R had not fully recovered even at 28 days. These changes in sensitivity were correlated with changes in the recovery of ciliated and microvillous receptor cell types. Microvillous cells appeared largely unaffected by CuSO4 treatment. Cilia in ciliated receptor neurones, however, appeared damaged one day post-treatment and were virtually absent after three days but had begun to recover after 14 days. Together, these results support the hypothesis that microvillous receptor neurones detect amino acids whereas ciliated receptor neurones were not functional and are responsible for detection of social stimuli (bile acidsandpheromones).Furthermore, differences in sensitivity to copper may be due to different transduction pathways in the different cell types

Decline in the strength of genetic controls on aspen environmental responses from seasonal to century‐long phenomena

Understanding intra-specific variation in climate sensitivity could improve the prediction of tree responses to climate change. We attempted to identify the degree of genetic control of tree phenology and growth of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Mchx.) in a natural stand of this species in northwestern Quebec. We mapped and genotyped 556 aspen trees growing within the plot, using seven nuclear microsatellite loci for clone identification. We selected 13 clones (n of trees per clone >5, in total 350 trees) and evaluated the explanatory power of clone identity in (a) variability of spring leaf phenology and (b) short- and long-term growth responses. The clone's identity explained 43% of the variability in spring leaf phenology, between 18% and 20% of variability in response to monthly climate variables significantly affecting growth, between 8% and 26% of growth response to insect outbreaks, and 12% in the long-term growth rates. Strong clonal control of aspen phenology and moderate control of growth responses to monthly weather do not result in an equally large impact on long-term growth rates. The result suggests an important role of environmental extremes and within community interactions as factors averaging aspen growth performance at the stand level

Watson Brake, A Middle Archaic Mound Complex in Northeast Louisiana

Middle Archaic earthen mound complexes in the lower Mississippi valley are remote antecedents of the famous but much younger Poverty Point earthworks. Watson Brake is the largest and most complex of these early mound sites. Wry extensive coring and stratigraphic studies, aided by 25 radiocarbon dates and six huninescence dates, show that minor earthworks were begun here at ca. 3500 B.C. in association with an oval arrangement of burned rock middens at the edge of a stream terrace. The full extent of the first earthworks is not yet known. Substantial moundraising began ca. 3350 B.C. and continued in stages until some time after 3000 B.C. when the site was abandoned. All 11 mounds and their connecting ridges were occupied between building bursts. Soils,formed on some of these temporary surfaces, while lithics. fire-cracked rock. and,fired clay/loam objects became scattered throughout the mound fills. Faunal and floral remains from a basal midden indicate all-season occupation, supported by broad-spectrum foraging centered on nuts, fish, and deer All the overlying fills are so acidic that organics have not survived. The area enclosed by the mounds was kept clean of debris, suggesting its use as ritual space. The reasons why such elaborate activities first occurred here remain elusive. However some building bursts covary with very well-documented increases in El Nino/Southern Oscillation events. During such rapid increases in ENSO frequencies, rainfall becomes extremely erratic and unpredictable. It may be that early moundraising was a communal response to new stresses of droughts and flooding that created a suddenly more unpredictable food base

A conceptual model of an Arctic sea

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 117 (2012): C06010, doi:10.1029/2011JC007652.We propose a conceptual model for an Arctic sea that is driven by river runoff, atmospheric fluxes, sea ice melt/growth, and winds. The model domain is divided into two areas, the interior and boundary regions, that are coupled through Ekman and eddy fluxes of buoyancy. The model is applied to Hudson and James Bays (HJB, a large inland basin in northeastern Canada) for the period 1979–2007. Several yearlong records from instruments moored within HJB show that the model results are consistent with the real system. The model notably reproduces the seasonal migration of the halocline, the baroclinic boundary current, spatial variability of freshwater content, and the fall maximum in freshwater export. The simulations clarify the important differences in the freshwater balance of the western and eastern sides of HJB. The significant role played by the boundary current in the freshwater budget of the system, and its sensitivity to the wind-forcing, are also highlighted by the simulations and new data analyses. We conclude that the model proposed is useful for the interpretation of observed data from Arctic seas and model outputs from more complex coupled/climate models.We thank NSERC and the Canada Research Chairs program for funding. FS acknowledges support from NSF OCE–0927797 and ONR N00014-08-10490.2012-12-2

Oncogenic hijacking of a developmental transcription factor evokes vulnerability toward oxidative stress in Ewing sarcoma

Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is an aggressive childhood cancer likely originating from mesenchymal stem cells or osteo-chondrogenic progenitors. It is characterized by fusion oncoproteins involving EWSR1 and variable members of the ETS-family of transcription factors (in 85% FLI1). EWSR1-FLI1 can induce target genes by using GGAA-microsatellites as enhancers.Here, we show that EWSR1-FLI1 hijacks the developmental transcription factor SOX6 - a physiological driver of proliferation of osteo-chondrogenic progenitors - by binding to an intronic GGAA-microsatellite, which promotes EwS growth in vitro and in vivo. Through integration of transcriptome-profiling, published drug-screening data, and functional in vitro and in vivo experiments including 3D and PDX models, we discover that constitutively high SOX6 expression promotes elevated levels of oxidative stress that create a therapeutic vulnerability toward the oxidative stress-inducing drug Elesclomol.Collectively, our results exemplify how aberrant activation of a developmental transcription factor by a dominant oncogene can promote malignancy, but provide opportunities for targeted therapy. Ewing sarcoma is characterized by the fusion of EWSR1 and FLI1. Here, the authors show that EWSR1-FLI1 increases the activity of the developmental transcription factor SOX6, which promotes tumor growth but also increases sensitivity to oxidative stress

Oncogenic hijacking of a developmental transcription factor evokes vulnerability toward oxidative stress in Ewing sarcoma.

Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is an aggressive childhood cancer likely originating from mesenchymal stem cells or osteo-chondrogenic progenitors. It is characterized by fusion oncoproteins involving EWSR1 and variable members of the ETS-family of transcription factors (in 85% FLI1). EWSR1-FLI1 can induce target genes by using GGAA-microsatellites as enhancers.Here, we show that EWSR1-FLI1 hijacks the developmental transcription factor SOX6 - a physiological driver of proliferation of osteo-chondrogenic progenitors - by binding to an intronic GGAA-microsatellite, which promotes EwS growth in vitro and in vivo. Through integration of transcriptome-profiling, published drug-screening data, and functional in vitro and in vivo experiments including 3D and PDX models, we discover that constitutively high SOX6 expression promotes elevated levels of oxidative stress that create a therapeutic vulnerability toward the oxidative stress-inducing drug Elesclomol.Collectively, our results exemplify how aberrant activation of a developmental transcription factor by a dominant oncogene can promote malignancy, but provide opportunities for targeted therapy

Validation of a Mass Spectrometry Method To Quantify Oak Ellagitannins in Wine Samples

[EN] Detection and individual quantification of oak wood ellagitannins in oak barrel aged red wine samples are difficult mainly due to their low levels and the similarity between their structures. In this work, a quantification method using mass spectrometry has been developed and validated to quantify wine ellagitannins after sample fractionation with a previously reported method. The use of an internal standard is a requirement to correct mass signal variability. (−)-Gallocatechin, among the different tested compounds, was the only one that proved to be a suitable internal standard making possible the accurate and individual quantification of the main oak wood ellagitannins. The developed methodology has been used to detect and quantify these ellagitannins in different Spanish commercial wines, proving its usefulness