MP-6 Coccidiosis Intestinal Dysmotility in C57BL/6 Mice

Recently, anecdotal report was arisen that coccidiosis in cattle resulted in delayed intestinal motility. The occurrence of delayed intestinal motility has been never briefly reported. However, some study indicated a delay in intestinal motility. A study in cattle coccidiosis reported a transient increase of nutrients apparent digestibility, especially of crude fiber index, during clinical coccidiosis and that anorexia and intestinal leakage impaired the nitrogen balance, causing weight depression. The observation may have reflected intestinal hypomotility, however, this work did not observe the intestinal motility directly. Another study indicated that Eimeria infection in rabbit could induce intestinal motility disturbance. The disturbance, however, did not indicate as general delay in intestinal transit, because some part of the intestine experienced faster motility and another part indicated slower motility.As one of the cosmopolitan diseases of production animal, the occurrence of intestinal dysmotility by coccidiosis need to be clarified. And a control measure against intestinal dysmotility of coccidiosis need to be proposed soon after the clarification of its clinical existence. Therefore, we designed a study with murine Eimeria as model to provide evidence for better approach toward this emerging issue

MP-11 Eimeria pragensis Induce Immune Mediated Intestinal Hypomotility in C57BL/6 Mice

The manifestation of intestinal dysmotility of coccidiosis has never been briefly reported before. From murine Eimeria study we concluded that Eimeria pragensis (Ep) is capable to induce intestinal hypomotility described to be similar to pan-enteric ileus.In comparison with the intestinal dysmotility in postoperative ileus which is orchestrated by TH1 immune response [1], a local injury to some part of intestine could trigger pan-enteric ileus. If the TH1 immune response could also be induced in Ep infection, the delay in intestinal motility could be explained as similar mechanism as the post-operative ileus. Since the Ep infestation occurred in the ileocecal part of the intestines, with similar mechanism of post-operative ileus, the pan-enteric ileus could be triggered. In this study, we tried to find a relationship between intestinal dysmotility and TH1 immune response in murine coccidiosis

Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards interlaboratory study on intensity calibration for x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy instruments using low-density polyethylene

We report the results of a Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards interlaboratory study on the intensity scale calibration of x-ray photoelectron spectrometers using low-density polyethylene (LDPE) as an alternative material to gold, silver, and copper. An improved set of LDPE reference spectra, corrected for different instrument geometries using a quartz-monochromated Al Kα x-ray source, was developed using data provided by participants in this study. Using these new reference spectra, a transmission function was calculated for each dataset that participants provided. When compared to a similar calibration procedure using the NPL reference spectra for gold, the LDPE intensity calibration method achieves an absolute offset of ∼3.0% and a systematic deviation of ±6.5% on average across all participants. For spectra recorded at high pass energies (≥90 eV), values of absolute offset and systematic deviation are ∼5.8% and ±5.7%, respectively, whereas for spectra collected at lower pass energies (<90 eV), values of absolute offset and systematic deviation are ∼4.9% and ±8.8%, respectively; low pass energy spectra perform worse than the global average, in terms of systematic deviations, due to diminished count rates and signal-to-noise ratio. Differences in absolute offset are attributed to the surface roughness of the LDPE induced by sample preparation. We further assess the usability of LDPE as a secondary reference material and comment on its performance in the presence of issues such as variable dark noise, x-ray warm up times, inaccuracy at low count rates, and underlying spectrometer problems. In response to participant feedback and the results of the study, we provide an updated LDPE intensity calibration protocol to address the issues highlighted in the interlaboratory study. We also comment on the lack of implementation of a consistent and traceable intensity calibration method across the community of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) users and, therefore, propose a route to achieving this with the assistance of instrument manufacturers, metrology laboratories, and experts leading to an international standard for XPS intensity scale calibration

MACROZOOPLANKTON DISTRIBUTION AROUND THE ANTARCTIC DIVERGENCE OFF WILKES LAND IN THE 1996 AUSTRAL SUMMER : WITH REFERENCE TO HIGH ABUNDANCE OF SALPA THOMPSONI (19th Symposium on Polar Biology)

Distribution and abundance of macrozooplankton off Wilkes Land, Antarctica in austral summer were studied in relation to environmental features associated with the Antarctic Divergence (AD). A single species of salp, Salpa thompsom, dominated others both numerically and by biomass, occupying 44% of mean total abundance with the maximum density of 29873 inds./l000m^3 (44 mg C/m^3). Abundance of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, was low through the sampling area (max. 41 inds./1000m^3: 2.9mg C/m^3). Total length frequency and stage of maturity of E. superba suggested relatively late spawning and low recruitment ratio, respectively. Salps and major copepod species showed a spatially partitioned pattern across the AD, in which the former dominated in areas north and south of the AD while the latter was predominant near the AD. Active reproduction of salps seemed to be ongoing in the areas where mean chl a concentration within the euphotic zone was around 0.4-0.6 μg/l, but suppressed where that was higher than 0.6 μg/l. Clogging of mucous nets of salps was considered to be one of the causes of their low abundance at high chl a concentration as observed near the AD. The results suggest that the relatively limited phytoplankton growth, particularly in the eastern side of this research area, may have provided the food condition which was optimal for salp reproduction but unfavorable for other phytoplankton consumers, permitting an explosive population growth of salps

ERRATUM: “Versailles project on advanced materials and standards interlaboratory study on intensity calibration for x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy instruments using low-density polyethylene” [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 38, 063208 (2020)]

From Crossref journal articles via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: epub 2021-01-25, issued 2021-01-25, ppub 2021-03-01Publication status: Publishe

ERRATUM: “Versailles project on advanced materials and standards interlaboratory study on intensity calibration for x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy instruments using low-density polyethylene” [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 38, 063208 (2020)]

From Crossref journal articles via Jisc Publications Route