Research Paper: Profile of Fatal Electrocution Cases in Ballari, Karnataka, India

Background: Death by electrocution may not be a major cause of unnatural deaths, but still accounts for a sizeable number of deaths around the world. It is usually accidental in manner. In a developing country like India, electrocution continues to be a significant cause of unnatural deaths. This study was designed to identify the trends and characteristics of electrocution deaths in Ballari region of South India.Methods: The relevant data were obtained from the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences (V.I.M.S), Ballari, Karnataka, India from 2010 through 2016. Results: Based on our study, males aged from 21 to 30 years were the most victims of fatal electrocution. These deaths were highest during the months of September to December and commonly occurred during the day time. The limbs were the most commonly effected body parts. Most cases were accidental in nature while contact with the electric pole being the main source of those accidents. Conclusion: The study may help enhance public awareness of electrocution deaths. It will also help the enforcement agencies implement strategies to avert such unnatural deaths

3rd Zonal Workshop on Fisheries and Aquaculture Policy: Responsible Fisheries and Sustainable Aquaculture Perspectives for West Coast States Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, and Union Territories of Daman and Diu, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Lakshadweep

3rd Zonal Workshop on Fisheries and Aquaculture Policy: Responsible Fisheries and Sustainable Aquaculture Perspectives for West Coast States Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, and Union Territories of Daman and Diu, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Lakshadweep 21-23 June, 200

Azaepothilone B and its derivatives: a patent review

<p><b>Introduction</b>: Azaepothilone B, also known as ixabepilone, is a semi synthetic second generation epothilone B analogue. Azaepothilone B, its derivatives, and analogues, are used for treating advance metastatic breast cancer. It has been used as a chemotherapeutic medication for cancer.</p> <p><b>Areas covered</b>: This review highlights the patents on different routes for synthesis of azaepothilone B, its derivatives and analogues. The review will also provide the reported pharmacological activity and its polymorphs in the treatment of several cancers, such as breast cancer (metastatic or locally advanced), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and pancreatic cancer. In addition, it considers other proliferative diseases such as viral infections, degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal system, kidney disease, and immune response related diseases. Different databases such as Espacenet, ISI Web of Knowledge, Patbase, and Thomson Innovation have been searched extensively to review the patents. The analysis has been done to indicate the patenting trend across years and the comparison of active assignees.</p> <p><b>Expert opinion</b>: Azaepothilone B, along with its derivatives and analogues, can damage cancer cells in very low concentrations and retain its activity when tumor cells are insensitive to paclitaxel. Hence, it is highly potent agent. Azaepothilone B alone, in combination with other chemotherapeutics, or in the form of formulations, led to applications in various types of cancer. Also, antiproliferative activity of azaepothilone B has great potential for the treatment of proliferative diseases, such as skin diseases and infections. Recent progress in synthesizing azaepothilone B has encouraged researchers to develop new methods for the synthesis of azaepothilone B, its derivatives, and analogues, to obtain maximum yield in minimum steps.</p

The effectiveness of a hands-on training programme on basic life support for nursing professionals

Background:&nbsp;The diagnosis of abrupt cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system, followed by resuscitation and fast defibrillation, is known as Basic Life Support (BLS) (BLS). 1 It's vital to emphasise the necessity of teaching basic life support (BLS) to nursing professionals so that they can be equipped with BLS information and be able to handle critical cases in their clinical setting. Aim: - The aim of this study is to assess is to check effectiveness of the in-service education program on knowledge regarding BLS among the Nursing Professionals. Methods: This is an Experimental research study, the data related to knowledge regarding BLS was collected among 300 Professional Nurses before and after the administration of the Hands-on training program. Results: According to the data, out of 300 nurses tested, 260 (86.66%) had low knowledge, 40 (13.33%) had regular knowledge, and none had a good understanding of BLS. Out of 300 Nurses assessed, only 06 (2%) exhibited poor knowledge, 119 (39.66%) had moderate knowledge, and 175 (58.33%) had strong knowledge. At the 0.05 level of significance, the estimated value t-value of 49.80 was bigger than the tabulated t-value.&nbsp

Correlation of spot urine protein-creatinine ratio with 24-hour urinary protein in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A cross sectional study

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is the major cause for chronic renal failure (CRF) and proteinuria is an independent risk factor for end stage renal disease. Hence, early identification and quantification of proteinuria is of prime importance in the diagnosis and management. Methods: This study was conducted amongst 42 diabetic subjects from HSK hospital, Bagalkot. Twenty four-hour urine protein and random urine protein to creatinine ratio (P:C) was determined. Pearson′s correlation, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were determined using 24-hour urinary protein as a gold standard for spot urine P:C ratio. ROC curve and area under curve was also determined using SPSS (11.5) software. All the results were expressed in mean±SD. Results: Forty two diabetes mellitus patients participated in this study. The average of 24 hour urinary protein was 1.6 ± 1.7 gm/day. The spot urine P:C ratio was 1.27 ± 1.55. There was a positive correlation between 24 hours urinary protein and spot urine P:C ratio (r = 0.925, p < 0.0001). The area under the ROC curve for urine P:C ratio at various cutoff was 0.947 (95% confidence interval: 0.831-0.992, p < 0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity was 80.65% and 100% respectively at P:C ratio cutoff of 0.3. Conclusions: The random urine P:C ratio predicts the amount of 24-hour urinary protein excretion with high accuracy. Hence it can be used as a faster diagnostic substitute for 24-hour urinary protein estimation

Comparative study of lipid profile in non-smokers, chronic smokers, and chronic smokers with acute myocardial infarction in men

Introduction: Smoking is a major risk factor in the genesis of coronary atherosclerosis and development of coronary heart disease. Smoking may alter normal plasma lipoprotein levels. The present study was undertaken to compare the lipid profile between non- smokers (Group A) and chronic smokers (Group B) and also between chronic smokers (Group B) and chronic smokers with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (Group C). Methods: Thirty six apparently healthy non- smokers, 36 apparently healthy chronic smokers and 36 chronic smokers with AMI were selected for the study. Fasting venous blood samples were collected; triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were calculated by Friedwald’s formula. Results: The lipid profile was compared between Group A and Group B and also between Group B and Group C. There was a significant rise in TG, TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C and significant decrease in HDL-C in Group B compared to Group A. There was a significant rise in TG, TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C and significant decrease in HDL-C in Group C compared to Group B. Conclusion: Smoking increases the risk of atherosis and smoking modulates the ischemic heart disease risk through gene-environment interaction. Further studies are required to ascertain the gene environment interactio