Results of eight years' examination of the habitats of residual urban Norway rat populations after eradication

In Budapest (population 2 million), 33 out of 100 buildings were rat-infested in the early seventies. Thus general deratization was decreed to cover the whole of the city in 1971 to 1972. As a result of the global eradication method applied, the rate of rat-infested premises could be reduced below 0.5% annually. After control the sparsely occurring rats could freely choose any of the habitats released for settling. The habitats of Budapest most preferred by Norway rats are presented after a wide-ranging investigation carried out over 8 years. Our examination data support and in some cases reveal the requirements of Norway rats living in Central European large cities as regards to the environment as well as their ethological features. This knowledge may help in improving deratization and especially maintenance operations, thus increasing the efficiency of the fight against rats

Structural complexity at and around the Triassic-Jurassic GSSP at Kuhjoch, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria

One of the key requirements for a Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) is the absence of tectonic disturbance. The GSSP for the Triassic–Jurassic system boundary was recently defined at Kuhjoch, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria. New field observations in the area of the Triassic–Jurassic boundary GSSP site demonstrate that the overturned, tight, and almost upright Karwendel syncline was formed at semibrittle deformation conditions, confirmed by axial planar foliation. Tight to isoclinal folds at various scales were related to a tectonic transport to the north. Brittle faulting occurred before and after folding as confirmed by tilt tests (the rotation of structural data by the average bedding). Foliation is ubiquitous in the incompetent units, including the Kendlbach Formation at the GSSP. A reverse fault (inferred to be formed as a normal fault before folding) crosscuts the GSSP sections, results in the partial tectonic omission of the Schattwald Beds, and thus makes it impossible to measure a complete and continuous stratigraphic section across the whole Kendlbach Formation. Based on these observations, the Kuhjoch sections do not fulfil the specific requirement for a GSSP regarding the absence of tectonic disturbances near boundary level

Breakdown and recovery in traffic flow models

Most car-following models show a transition from laminar to ``congested'' flow and vice versa. Deterministic models often have a density range where a disturbance needs a sufficiently large critical amplitude to move the flow from the laminar into the congested phase. In stochastic models, it may be assumed that the size of this amplitude gets translated into a waiting time, i.e.\ until fluctuations sufficiently add up to trigger the transition. A recently introduced model of traffic flow however does not show this behavior: in the density regime where the jam solution co-exists with the high-flow state, the intrinsic stochasticity of the model is not sufficient to cause a transition into the jammed regime, at least not within relevant time scales. In addition, models can be differentiated by the stability of the outflow interface. We demonstrate that this additional criterion is not related to the stability of the flow. The combination of these criteria makes it possible to characterize commonalities and differences between many existing models for traffic in a new way

The Impacts of Using Business Information Systems on Operational Effectiveness in Hungary

Business expectations regarding the introduction of business information systems were investigated according to company size categories. The results clearly showed that according to the majority of the respondents the information supply for decision-makers improved. In contrast, business information systems as a means of improving competitiveness were only regarded by corporations, this aspect was only around the average in the other company size categories. The respondents evaluated to what extent the usage of business information system provided assistance for their economic analyses. The obtained results show that business information systems can be utilized well in controlling and reporting. There are differences in their judgement by size categories. Particularly corporations can take advantage of the support of business information systems mainly in the field of planning, plan-actual analysis and the exploration of cost reducing possibilities.Comment: 5 page

The macroeconomic effect of the information and communication technology in Hungary

It was not until the beginning of the 1990s that the effects of information and communication technology on economic growth as well as on the profitability of enterprises raised the interest of researchers. After giving a general description on the relationship between a more intense use of ICT devices and dynamic economic growth, the author identified and explained those four channels that had a robust influence on economic growth and productivity. When comparing the use of information technonology devices in developed as well as in developing countries, the author highlighted the importance of the available additional human capital and the elimination of organizational inflexibilities in the attempt of narrowing the productivity gap between the developed and developing nations. By processing a large quantitiy of information gained from Hungarian enterprises operating in several economic sectors, the author made an attempt to find a strong correlation between the development level of using ICT devices and profitability together with total factor productivity. Although the impact of using ICT devices cannot be measured unequivocally at the microeconomic level because of certain statistical and methodological imperfections, by applying such analytical methods as cluster analysis and correlation and regression calculation, the author managed to prove that both the correlation coefficient and the gradient of the regression trend line showed a positive relationship between the extensive use of information and communication technology and the profitability of enterprises.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

A Conceptual Framework for Definition of the Correlation Between Company Size Categories and the Proliferation of Business Information Systems in Hungary

Based on a conceptual model, this paper aims to explore the background of the decision-making process leading to the introduction of business information systems among enterprises in Hungary. Together with presenting the problems arising in the course of the implementation of such systems, their usage patterns are also investigated. A strong correlation is established between the size of an enterprise, the scope of its business activities and the range of the business information systems it applies.Comment: 9 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1303.0520, arXiv:1307.376

RESULTS OF EIGHT YEARS\u27 EXAMINATION OF THE HABITATS OF RESIDUAL URBAN NORWAY RAT POPULATIONS AFTER ERADICATION

In Budapest (population 2 million) 33 out of 100 buildings were rat-infested in the early seventies. Thus general deratization was decreed to cover the whole of the city in 1971 to 1972. As a result of the global eradication method applied, the rate of rat-infested premises could be reduced below 0.5% annually. After control the sparsely occurring rats could freely choose any of the habitats released for settling. The habitats of Budapest most preferred by Norway rats are presented after a wide-ranging investigation carried out over 8 years. Our examination data support and in some cases reveal the requirements of Norway rats living in Central European large cities as regards to the environment as well as their ethological features. This knowledge may help in improving deratization and especially maintenance operations, thus increasing the efficiency of the fight against rats

Critical behavior of a traffic flow model

The Nagel-Schreckenberg traffic flow model shows a transition from a free flow regime to a jammed regime for increasing car density. The measurement of the dynamical structure factor offers the chance to observe the evolution of jams without the necessity to define a car to be jammed or not. Above the jamming transition the dynamical structure factor exhibits for a given k-value two maxima corresponding to the separation of the system into the free flow phase and jammed phase. We obtain from a finite-size scaling analysis of the smallest jam mode that approaching the transition long range correlations of the jams occur.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review

Cyber Security Master's degrees in the United Kingdom: a comparative analysis

In today’s digitized world, where most of our activities are related to online platforms, the information security has become more essential than ever. Most countries have launched national strategies for the implementation of cyber security. In these, the education and training of information security professionals get particular roles. The National Cyber Security Centre created a common framework for cyber security education in the United Kingdom for the universities offering degrees in information security. The aim of this paper is to examine and compare the British cyber security degrees. The first chapter examines and compares the British universities and degrees from a theoretical aspect, including the necessity of these programs. The second chapter examines the degrees from several aspects based on the data of the Scopus database, with a special focus on the thematic modules, and the academic activities of the 1,650 examined university instructors