Landscape equivalent of the shoving model

It is shown that the shoving model expression for the average relaxation time of viscous liquids follows largely from a classical "landscape" estimation of barrier heights from curvature at energy minima. The activation energy involves both instantaneous bulk and shear moduli, but the bulk modulus contributes less than 8% to the temperature dependence of the activation energy. This reflects the fact that the physics of the two models are closely related.Comment: 4 page

Atmospheric Radio Noise Measurements in India

1-8A review is given of the instruments developed for the study of the amplitude and time characteristics and the structure of radio noise bursts resulting from lightning flashes. The use of such instruments suitably modified for a study of thunderstorms, thunderclouds, convection cells in thunderclouds and lightning is discussed. Most of the parameters investigated have a log-normal distribution. This tog-normal law is an approximate representation, but the accuracy realized is of the order of 90%. An integrated account incorporating the latest results on atmospheric noise data for the land mass of India and on the characteristics of tropical thunderstorms and lightning is furnished