Singlet Oxygen Quenching Effect of Andaliman

Addition of andaliman extract has been shown to provide increased protection from lipid oxidation during cooking. Although andaliman extract has reported as an effective antioxidant in autoxidized system, no study have been published on its effects on light-induced oxidation or photosensitized oxidation. The objective of this research is to determine singlet oxygen quenching effects of andaliman extract on erythrosine-sensitized photooxidation of linoleic acid and in, palm oil. Freeze dried ground andaliman fruit was sequentially extracted first using hexane, followed by acetone, and finally the residue was extracted by ethanol. Each of these three extracts were added to light-induced lipid peroxidation in a reaction system containing linoleic acid or palm oil with the presence of erythrosine as a photo sensitizer. Upon the exposure of fluorescent light at 4000 lux singlet oxygen is presumably formed from triplet oxygen which initiate the lipid peroxidation process. The sequential extraction of andaliman resulted in ethanolic extract containing phenolic . compounds consistently show antioxidative activity presumably through singlet oxygen quenching in light-induced lipid peroxidation in either linoleic acid or RIO palm oil reaction mixture containing erythrosine as a photosensitizer. The andaliman hexane and acetone extracts may contain not only phenolic compounds, but also trace amount of plant pigments which resulted in stronger lipid peroxidation effect than the antioxidative effect ofphenolic substances, especially at higher level of addition. Keywords : Andaliman extracts, lipid peroxidation, singlet oxygen quenching . . .

Teknologi Pervaporasi untuk Peningkatan Kadar Patchouli Alkohol Minyak Nilam Menggunakan Membran Selulosa Asetat

Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kadar patchouli alkohol di dalam minyak nilam. Pembuatan membran dilakukan dengan menggunakan metoda inversi fasa. Pervaporasi minyak nilam dilakukan dengan menggunakan suhu 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C dan waktu pervaporasi 1, 2, 3 dan 4 jam. Analisis kadar patchouli alkohol dilakukan menggunakan kromatografi gas, sedangkan kinerja membran dinyatakan sebagai permeabilitas (fluks) dan selektivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu dan waktu pervaporasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar patchouli alkohol, fluks dan selektivitas. Proses pervaporasi minyak nilam dapat meningkatkan kadar patchouli alkohol 1,89 kali dari kadar patchouli alkohol sebelum dilakukan pervaporasi, yaitu dengan menggunakan suhu pervaporasi 60 °C dan waktu pervaporasi 4 jam. Nilai fluks 0,163 kg/m2 hr dan selektivitas 2,77

Antibacterial Activities of Green Basil (Ocimum Violaceum) Essential Oil and Derivatives by MAOS (Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis) Against Staphyllococus Aureus and Escherichia Coli

Green basil (Ocimum violaceum , Linn.) plantis part of the varieties of basil (Ocimum basilicum, Linn.). Green basil essential oil (GBEO) contain chemical compounds that have an anti- bacterial activities . Methyl eugenol and methyl chavikol are in green basil oil has the potential to be used as a material which is biologically active. Conversion reaction of the compounds in GBEO with MAOS methods (microwave assisted organic synthesis) aims to obtain properties of the main chemical component in a wider sweet basil oil, and are also useful in an attempt to gain more valuable compounds for commercial and higher. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions on the conversion reaction of compounds in GBEO with MAOS method with ethylene glycol as a solvent is 10 % KF/Al2O3as catalyst and reaction time 3 minutes , while the solvent is glycerol 10 % KF/Al2O3as catalyst and reaction time 2 minutes . Comparison of anti-bacterial activity resulting from this research are : the inhibitory activity to the growth of S. aureus bacteria have the following order : GBEO gt; green basilEG10-3 gt; green basil G10-2gt; amoxicillin with each inhibition zone diameter amounted to 30.7 mm, 21.1 mm, 18.2 mm and 13.4 mm. While the inhibitory activity to the growth of E.coli bacteria are : GBEOgt; green basil G10-2 gt;green basil EG10-3 gt; amoxicillin with each inhibition zone diameter of 21.1 mm, 15.6 mm , 15.2 mm and 7.9 mm . GBEO and its derivatives have minimal inhibitory concentrations below 1.25 %. From the results of the study found that the main derivates obtained are p-methoxy anisaldehyde , caryophyllene oxide , 3-methoxy cinnamaldehyde , humulena oxide and delta cadino

Peningkatan Kadar Patchouli Alkohol Minyak Nilam (Pogostemon Cablin Benth) dengan Menggunakan Membran Selulosa Asetat

Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kadar patchouli alkohol dalam minyak nilam dengan menggunakan membran nanofiltrasi selulosa asetat dan mengevaluasi kinerja membran yang digunakan. Membran yang digunakan adalah membran nanofiltrasi selulosa asetat tipe Vivaspin 15R. Proses filtrasi minyak nilam dilakukan dengan menggunakan kecepatan sentrifugasi 212 , 850, dan 1912 g serta waktu sentrifugasi 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, dan 60 menit. �adar patchouli alkohol di analisis menggunakan kromatografi gas, sedangkan kinerja membran dinyatakan sebagai permeabilitas (fluks) dan selektivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa filtrasi dengan menggunakan membran nanofiltrasi selulosa asetat dapat meningkatkan kadar patchouli alkohol sebesar 2 kali (61,52 %) dari kadar patchouli alkohol awal (30,08%) pada kecepatan sentrifgasi 1912 g dan waktu sentrifugasi 50 menit. Kecepatan dan waktu sentrifugasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai fluks dan selektivitas membran �ilai fluks tertinggi diperoleh sebesar 166,81 L/m2.jam dan selektivitas membran sebesar 44,91 %

Isolasi dan Aktivitas Penstabil Oksigen Singlet Fraksi Fenolik dari Ekstrak Andaliman (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium DC.)

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisolasi perbedaan fraksi fenolik yang terdapat pada ekstrak andaliman dan menentukan aktivitas penstabilan oksigen singlet. Buah andaliman diekstraksi secara berturut­turut dengan heksana, aseton dan etanol (1:5) selama 24 jam. Ekstrak buah andaliman selanjutnya dipisahkan dengan metode elusi gradien dengan kromatografi kolom menggunakan etil asetat­metanol sebagai fasa gerak dan silika gel G­60 sebagai fasa diam. Aktivitas penstabilan oksigen singlet diuji menggunakan asam linoleat sebagai substrat yang mengandung 100 ppm eritrosin sebagai fotosensitiser. Fraksi aktif dikarakterisasi dengan teknik spektrometer IR dan UV. Fraksi II dite- mukan memiliki sifat­sifat sebagai penstabil oksigen singlet yang sama efektifnya dengan fraksi III. Efek penstabilan fraksi II dan III lebih tinggi daripada α­tokoferol (p<0,05). Fraksi II diidentifikasi dengan spektrometer IR dan sampel menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penyerapan yang sangat kuat pada 3356 cm-1 yang mengindikasikan adanya gugus hi- droksil dari senyawa fenolik sedangkan spektra UV menunjukkan data fraksi aktif mengindikasikan adanya serapan maksimum berturut­turut adalah 204, 221 dan 272 nm. Kesimpulannya adalah komponen fraksi ekstrak andaliman menunjukkan aktivitas penstabilan oksigen merupakan komponen yang memiliki gugus fenolik

Teknologi Pervaporasi untuk Peningkatan Kadar Patchouli Alkohol Minyak Nilam Menggunakan Membran Selulosa Asetat

An attempt to increase patchouli alcohol content in patchouli oil using membrane pervaporation has been carried out in this study. The preparation of cellulose acetate membrane in this study by was done using phase inversion method. The pervaporation process of patchouli oil was carried out at 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C and pervaporation time of 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours. Analysis of patchouli oil was carried out using gas chromatography, the separation performance membrane were expressed as a permeability (flux) and selectivity. There are significant effect of pervaporation temperature and time on patchouli alcohol content, flux and selectivity. The pervaporation process of patchouli oil using cellulose acetate membrane showed that the patchouli alcohol content increased 1.89 times of the initial content of patchouli alcohol before pervaporation, by using pervaporation temperature of 60 °C and pervaporation time of 4 hours. The highest value of flux 0,163 kg/m2 hr and selectivity 2,77.ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kadar patchouli alkohol di dalam minyak nilam. Pembuatan membran dilakukan dengan menggunakan metoda inversi fasa. Pervaporasi minyak nilam dilakukan dengan menggunakan suhu 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C dan waktu pervaporasi 1, 2, 3 dan 4 jam. Analisis kadar patchouli alkohol dilakukan menggunakan kromatografi gas, sedangkan kinerja membran dinyatakan sebagai permeabilitas (fluks) dan selektivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu dan waktu pervaporasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar patchouli alkohol, fluks dan selektivitas. Proses pervaporasi minyak nilam dapat meningkatkan kadar patchouli alkohol 1,89 kali dari kadar patchouli alkohol sebelum dilakukan pervaporasi, yaitu dengan menggunakan suhu pervaporasi 60 °C dan waktu pervaporasi 4 jam. Nilai fluks 0,163 kg/m2 hr dan selektivitas 2,77

Antiradical Activity of Andaliman (Zanthoxylum achanthopodium DC) Fruit Extract

ABSTRACT Andaliman (Zanthoxylum achanthopo-dium DC) was evaluated as a potential source of phenolic antioxidant compounds. Phenolic compounds were obtained from andaliman fruits by sequential extraction using hexane, acetone and ethanol to obtain three separate fractions. In this study, the antioxidant properties of andaliman at 10 different concentrations and common food additives of BHT at 200 ppm and a-tocopherol at 1000 ppm were compared. The antioxidant properties of andaliman fruits extracts were evaluated using 1,1-dipheny1-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical decoloration test. The ethanol extract consistently showed higher activity than hexane and acetone extracts in DPPH radical scavenging whereas BHT as synthetic antioxidant had weaker radical scavenging activity. The a-tocopherol as positive control showed similar antiradical activity with ethanol extract at 500 ppm in DPPH system. The addition of ethanol extract at concentration of 900 and 1000 ppm exhibited excellent antiradical activities and its efficacy was higher than that of 200 ppm BHT and 1000 ppm atocopherol in DPPH radical. It is concluded that the three andaliman fruit extracts had antiradical activities in the DPPH radical decoloration test. Key words: Zanthoxylum achanthopodium DC, DPPH, natural antioxidant, antiradical activit