Advances in Biochemical Indices of Zooplankton Production.

Several new approaches for measuring zooplankton growth and production rates have been developed since the publication of the ICES (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea) Zooplankton Methodology Manual (Harris et al., 2000). In this review, we summarize the advances in biochemical methods made in recent years. Our approach explores the rationale behind each method, the design of calibration experiments, the advantages and limitations of each method and their suitability as proxies for in situ rates of zooplankton community growth and production. We also provide detailed protocols for the existing methods and information relevant to scientists wanting to apply, calibrate or develop these biochemical indices for zooplankton production.Versión del edito

Synthesis and reactivity of a mononuclear non-haem cobalt(IV)-oxo complex

Terminal cobalt(IV)–oxo (Co(IV)–O) species have been implicated as key intermediates in various cobalt-mediated oxidation reactions. Herein we report the photocatalytic generation of a mononuclear non-haem [(13-TMC)Co(IV)(O)](2+) (2) by irradiating [Co(II)(13-TMC)(CF(3)SO(3))](+) (1) in the presence of [Ru(II)(bpy)(3)](2+), Na(2)S(2)O(8), and water as an oxygen source. The intermediate 2 was also obtained by reacting 1 with an artificial oxidant (that is, iodosylbenzene) and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. In particular, the resonance Raman spectrum of 2 reveals a diatomic Co–O vibration band at 770 cm(−1), which provides the conclusive evidence for the presence of a terminal Co–O bond. In reactivity studies, 2 was shown to be a competent oxidant in an intermetal oxygen atom transfer, C–H bond activation and olefin epoxidation reactions. The present results lend strong credence to the intermediacy of Co(IV)–O species in cobalt-catalysed oxidation of organic substrates as well as in the catalytic oxidation of water that evolves molecular oxygen