Integrative effects of biostimulants and salinity on vegetables: Contribution of bioumik and Lithovit®-urea50 to improve salt-tolerance of tomato

Received: June 1st, 2021 ; Accepted: July 5th, 2021 ; Published: November 3rd, 2022 ; Correspondence: [email protected] separate and combined effect of lithovit-urea50 and bioumik was tested on salt-stressed tomato crops. Salinity was induced using three different NaCl solutions (2, 4 and 8 dS m-1 ). Under the salinity effect, all aspects of plant growth were inhibited. Total chlorophyll and carotenoids reduced from mg g-1 FW and 1.1 mg g-1 FW at 2 dS m-1 to reach 1.01 mg g-1 FW and 0.66 mg g-1 FW at 8 dS m-1 in control plants. Plants treated by the combination of both products had the highest chlorophyll and carotenoids content with 2.24 mg g-1 FW and 1.34 mg g-1 FW, 1.88 mg g-1 FW and 1.05 mg g-1 FW, and 1.39 mg g-1 FW and 0.86 mg g-1 FW respectively at 2, 4 and 8 dS m-1 . Treating plants by this combination maximized flower number, fruit weight, yield and fruit diameter at 2 dS m-1 (17 flowers, 47.93 g, 431.1 g plant-1 and 3.23 cm respectively) and 4 dS m-1 (15flowers, 36.45 g, 291.85 g plant-1 and 2.8 cm respectively). The separate application of bioumik minimized cell electrolyte leakage at 2 dS m-1 (8.82%) compared to control (11.43%). Additionally, plants treated by lithovit-urea and bioumik had the highest relative water content with 107.3%, 96.5% and 91.2% respectively at 2, 4 and 8 dS m-1 . N, Ca and Mg in roots were significantly the highest at 2 dS m-1 (4.5%, 2.6% and 0.5% respectively), at 4 dS m-1 (3.74%, 2.49% and 0.48% respectively) and at 8 dS m-1 (3.21%, 2.61% and 0.32% respectively). K content in roots was maximized following the separate application of bioumik with 3.21% at 2 dS m-1 and 2.55% at 8 dS m-1 . Conclusively, lithovit-urea and bioumik helped plants in tolerating salt-stress with an optimal effect obtained after their combination

Multi-tool formaldehyde measurement in simulated and real atmospheres for indoor air survey and concentration change monitoring

International audienceFormaldehyde is of particular health concern since it is carcinogenic for human and ubiquitous in indoor air where people spend most of their time. Therefore, it is important to have suitable methods and techniques to measure its content in indoor air. In the present work, four different techniques have been tested in the INERIS exposure chamber and in indoor environments in comparison to a standard active method: passive sampling method based on the reaction of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine with formaldehyde, two on-line continuous monitoring systems based on fluorescence and UV measurements and a portable commercialised analyser based on electrochemical titration. Two formaldehyde concentrations, about 10 and 25 μg m−3 were generated in an exposure chamber under controlled conditions of temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed to simulate real conditions and assess potential influence on passive sampling and continuous systems response. Influence of sampling periods on passive sampling has also been evaluated. The real atmosphere experiments have been performed in four different indoor environments: an office, a furniture shop, a shopping mall, and residential dwellings in which several potential formaldehyde sources linked to household activities have been tested. The analytical and sampling problems associated with each measurement method have been identified and discussed. An overall agreement between each technique has been observed and continuous analyzers allowed for formaldehyde concentrations change monitoring and secondary formation of that pollutant observation

Relativistic graphene ratchet on semidisk Galton board

Using extensive Monte Carlo simulations we study numerically and analytically a photogalvanic effect, or ratchet, of directed electron transport induced by a microwave radiation on a semidisk Galton board of antidots in graphene. A comparison between usual two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and electrons in graphene shows that ratchet currents are comparable at very low temperatures. However, a large mean free path in graphene should allow to have a strong ratchet transport at room temperatures. Also in graphene the ratchet transport emerges even for unpolarized radiation. These properties open promising possibilities for room temperature graphene based sensitive photogalvanic detectors of microwave and terahertz radiation.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. Research done at Quantware http://www.quantware.ups-tlse.fr/. More detailed analysis is give

The imperative of arachidonic acid in human reproduction.

We are presenting new evidence on essential fatty acids (EFA) in prenatal human development. We have demonstrated, for the first time, the detailed process of active selection of some fatty acids by the placenta (biomagnification) and rejection of others (bioreduction) and how this strategy is of supreme importance for understanding of the biology of human reproduction. The biomagnification process by the placenta is dominated by arachidonic acid (ArA) and its allies: di-homo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), adrenic acid and ω6 docosapentaenoic acid. Stearic acid is similarly bio-magnified which is likely to provide for the sn-1 position in membrane synthesis. In contrast there is a bioreduction of oleic, linoleic and all ω3 precursors for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Although DHA is biomagnified, the amplification from mother to fetus is small compared to ArA. We report on the dominant compartmentalisation of ArA from mother to fetal plasma, cell membranes of red cells, mono-nuclear cells, endothelium and the placenta. We conclude that ArA and its allies, play a paramount role in the development of the products of conception. It is plausible that inadequate provision of ArA may be relevant to the neuro-vascular complications of prematurity and neurodevelopmental disorders associated with premature birth. We present evidence of ArA's universal role from an identical arachidonic acid-based strategy observed in contrasting cultures. The dominance of ArA in the prenatal and in post-natal nutritional provision by human milk makes a compelling case for re-evaluation of its role, especially in reproductive biology

Quantum Metrology Triangle Experiments: A Status Review

Quantum Metrology Triangle experiments combine three quantum electrical effects (the Josephson effect, the quantum Hall effect and the single-electron transport effect) used in metrology. These experiments allow important fundamental consistency tests on the validity of commonly assumed relations between fundamental constants of nature and the quantum electrical effects. This paper reviews the history, results and the present status and perspectives of Quantum Metrology Triangle experiments. It also reflects on the possible implications of results for the knowledge on fundamental constants and the quantum electrical effects.Comment: 36 pages, 8 figure

A knowledge-based system for integrating design tools

The complete design of many electromagnetic devices requires the solution of a coupled problem. Typically, the coupling is in the form of magnetic/thermal, magnetic/structural, magnetic/electronic, or possibly a combination of several disciplines. Computer based tools exist for many of these engineering specializations but they are usually "stand-alone" and each requires an experienced designer to use it effectively. This requirement for an expert user places a major constraint on the design cycle, and a lack of communication between the various experts can result in major design errors.This thesis proposes a software architecture that is capable of providing loose coupling between currently available design tools and of absorbing new tools in the future. The structure provides an integration environment for a suite of design programs. The environment automatically allows the iterative solution of coupled problems by loosely coupling individual tools through a comprehensive database and organizing their execution via a rule-based control program. In order to effectively integrate a diverse set of tools and to define the kind of coupling between the various analyses, it is necessary that the input and output requirements of each tool be carefully defined. The BlackBoard for Computational Analysis and Design (BBCAD) is a hybrid knowledge-based system which uses the blackboard architecture, and generates a systematic method of integrating the "stand-alone" design tools, together with an automatic method of ensuring that, if a change is made to the design, all the relevant design tools are re-run

Influence of Repetition through Limited Recall

Decision makers who receive many signals are subject to imperfect recall. This is especially important when learning from feeds that aggregate messages from many senders on social media platforms. In this paper, we study a stylized model of learning from feeds and highlight the inefficiencies that arise due to imperfect recall. In our model, failure to recall a specific message comes from the accumulation of messages which creates interference. We characterize the influence of each sender according to the rate at which she sends messages and to the strength of interference. Our analysis indicates that imperfect recall not only leads to double-counting and extreme opinions in finite populations, but also impedes the ability of the receiver to learn the true state as the population of the senders increases. We estimate the strength of interference in an online experiment where participants are exposed to (non-informative) repeated messages and they need to estimate the opinion of others. Results show that interference plays a significant role and is weaker among participants who disagree with each other. Our work has implication for the diffusion of information in networks, especially when it is false because it is shared and repeated more than true information

Multi-tool formaldehyde measurements in simulated and real atmosphere for indoor air monitoring

International audiencePeople spend most of their time in indoor environments where they can be highly exposed to formaldehyde which is ubiquitous and abundant due to the presence of many emission sources. In French public places, its averaged concentrations can vary from 3 micro g m-3 to 60 micro g m-3. Because formaldehyde is of particular health concern (carcinogenic for human), it is important to be provided with suitable methods to measure its content in indoor air. This work presents the test of five different techniques in the INERIS simulation chamber and in indoor environments: passive and active sampling methods based on 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) reaction with formaldehyde, two online continuous monitoring systems based on fluorescence and UV measurements and a portable commercialised analyser based on electrochemical titration. The analytical and sampling problems associated with each measurement method have been identified and will be discussed. An overall agreement between each technique has been observed and continuous analyzers allowed for formaldehyde concentrations change monitoring and secondary formation of that pollutants observation

Influence of Repetition through Limited Recall

Decision makers who receive many signals are subject to imperfect recall. This is especially important when learning from feeds that aggregate messages from many senders on social media platforms. In this paper, we study a stylized model of learning from feeds and highlight the inefficiencies that arise due to imperfect recall. In our model, failure to recall a specific message comes from the accumulation of messages which creates interference. We characterize the influence of each sender according to the rate at which she sends messages and to the strength of interference. Our analysis indicates that imperfect recall not only leads to double-counting and extreme opinions in finite populations, but also impedes the ability of the receiver to learn the true state as the population of the senders increases. We estimate the strength of interference in an online experiment where participants are exposed to (non-informative) repeated messages and they need to estimate the opinion of others. Results show that interference plays a significant role and is weaker among participants who disagree with each other. Our work has implication for the diffusion of information in networks, especially when it is false because it is shared and repeated more than true information

Kinetics of the tropospheric formaldehyde loss onto mineral dust and urban surfaces

AIRInternational audienceThe kinetics of the heterogeneous reaction between gaseous HCHO and TiO2/SiO2 mineral coatings were investigated using a coated-wall flow tube to mimic HCHO loss on mineral aerosol and TiO2 coated depolluting urban surfaces. The measured uptake kinetics were strongly enhanced when the flow tube was irradiated with 340-420 nm UV light with an irradiance of 1.45 mW cm 2. The associated BET uptake coefficients ranged from (3.00 0.45) 10 9 to (2.26 0.34) 10 6 and were strongly dependent on HCHO initial concentration, relative humidity, temperature, and TiO2 content in the mineral coating, which ranged from 3.5 to 32.5 ppbv, 6-70%, 278-303 K, and 1-100 %wt, respectively. The measured kinetics were well described using a Langmuir-Hinshelwood type formalism. The estimated uptake coefficients were used to discuss the importance of heterogeneous HCHO surface loss, in terms of deposition lifetimes, as compared to major homogeneous gas-phase losses such as OH reaction and photolysis. It is found that deposition may compete with gas-phase removal of HCHO in a dense urban environment if more than 10% of the urban surface is covered with TiO2 treated material