Quantum Metrology Triangle Experiments: A Status Review

Quantum Metrology Triangle experiments combine three quantum electrical effects (the Josephson effect, the quantum Hall effect and the single-electron transport effect) used in metrology. These experiments allow important fundamental consistency tests on the validity of commonly assumed relations between fundamental constants of nature and the quantum electrical effects. This paper reviews the history, results and the present status and perspectives of Quantum Metrology Triangle experiments. It also reflects on the possible implications of results for the knowledge on fundamental constants and the quantum electrical effects.Comment: 36 pages, 8 figure

Working Group on Marine Protected Areas(WGMPA),including a session on essential fish habitats (EFH). FAO headquarters, Rome, Italy, 18–21 February 2019

The thirdmeeting of the Working Group on Marine Protected Areas(WGMPA)2took place from 18to 21February 2019at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) headquarters, Rome, Italy. As agreed by the forty-secondsession of the Commission(FAO headquarters, Italy, October 2018), the meeting addressed the following main tasks: i) review new and pending proposals for the establishment of GFCMfisheries restricted areas  (FRAs);  ii) assess  the effectivenessof  existing  FRAs  against  their objectives  and  propose suitable scientific  monitoring  plans; and iii) advance  on  the  implementation  of Resolution GFCM/41/2017/5 on a network of essential fish habitatsin the GFCM area of application. The meeting reviewedpending proposals for FRAs, in particular the proposal for a FRAin the Otranto channel (GSA 18), as well as a new proposal fora FRA in the Ligurian Sea (GSA 9).The WGMPA also discussed suitable ways to monitor the FRAs from ascientific point of view and identified the most relevant EFH for priority species.Finally, the meeting reiterated the importance ofcreatinga scientific database collecting evidence on the existence of VME indicators and proposed a new template (based on the already existing VME template of theInternational Council for the Exploration of the Sea [ICES])to populate the database with existing and new relevant scientific information. 1Suggested citation: GFCM, 2019. Report of the third meeting of the Working Group on Marine Protected Areas (WGMPA), FAO HQ, Italy, 18–21 February 2019.2This meeting was supported by the European Union under grant agreement no SI2.771026.