IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON TOURISM INDUSTRY IN TAMILNADU

The outbreak of the pandemic brought the entire world to a complete stand-still and created major disruptions in the lives of people globally. It also adversely affected the global economy resulting in large scale job losses. Out of all the industries that suffered, the travel and tourism industry was impacted the most owing to the lockdown and travel restrictions. As per a report by the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTCC), COVID-19 has caused the tourism industry almost USD 22 billion and a loss of almost 50 million jobs worldwide

A Study on Acid Base Status among Intensive Medical Care Unit Patients

CONCLUSION: 1. OPC POISONING, SEPSIS, DKA, CKD, COPD are the most common causes of acid base disorders in intensive medical care unit and toxicology unit together accounting for 59% of cases. 2. The most common acid base disorder observed was mixed type, which accounted for 60%, while simple acid base disorder was observed in 40 % of patients. 3. The most common mixed acid base disorder was metabolic alkalosis + respiratory alkalosis which was seen in 22% of cases. 19% of cases had simple metabolic acidosis. 4. Respiratory failure was present in 42% of cases, Type I – 14% and Type II – 28%. 5. OPC poisoning was the most common cause for acid base disturbance in our study (17 %). The most common acid base disorder in OPC poisoning was simple metabolic alkalosis. Respiratory failure was present in 52 % (Type I – 2, Type II – 7). 6. Sepsis accounts for 13 % of cases. The most common acid base disorder in sepsis was mixed metabolic alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis. Respiratory failure was present in 46 % (Type I – 4 , Type II – 2). 7. DKA accounts for 10 % of acid base disturbance. The most common single acid base disorder in DKA was metabolic acidosis. 8. CKD accounts for 10 % of acid base disturbance. The most common acid base disorder in CKD was metabolic acidosis. 7 out of 10 patients expired with mortality rate of 70 %. 9. COPD accounts for 9 % of acid base disturbance. The most common acid base disorder in COPD was mixed metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis. All the patients with COPD were admitted with Type II respiratory failure. 10. Among the individual acid base disturbance either in single or mixed form, the metabolic alkalosis is most commonly seen in 49% of cases. 11. 86 % of patients had pH between 7.2 to 7.6, 13 % of patients had pH less than 7.2, 1% of patients had pH more than 7.6. 12. The mortality and morbidity was more severe in extreme acidemia and alkalemia. In those with pH less than 7.2, the mortality rate was 76 % and in those with pH more than 7.6 mortality rate was 100%, those between 7.2 to 7.6 the mortality rate was 24%

Psychology in Tamil Folk Songs

All Tamil literature is a gift given to us by our forefathers. All literature expresses the life values of the people. In this way, folk literature, which is unwritten literature, reflects human feelings. A man expresses his subconscious thoughts and beliefs through folk literature. In folk literature that includes folk songs, folk tales, fables, proverbs, etc., man expresses his life experiences from birth to death. Folk In literature, man expresses his life records from birth to death. In lullabies, events such as a mother's love for her child and making children realise the importance of relatives are important to human life. The way agriculture is expressed in special kummi songs, the subconscious impressions of man through faith in God, the subconscious impressions of man through themangu songs, the expression of male and female relationships through themangu songs, the characteristics of grooms who collect dowry from women through marriage, and indicate social disorders This review article is intended to reveal women lamenting the loss of their mothers in the metaphorical songs that express their characteristics at the end of human life, and women who have lost their husbands are marginalised in society due to their helpless condition

An Ensemble Learning Approach for Fast Disaster Response using Social Media Analytics

Natural disaster happens, as a result of natural hazards that cause financial, environmental or human losses. Natural disasters strike unexpectedly, affecting the lives of tens of thousands of people. During the flood, social media sites were also heavily used to disseminate information about flooded areas, rescue agencies, food and relief centres. This work proposes an ensemble learning strategy for combining and analysing social media data in order to close the gap and progress in catastrophic situation. To enable scalability and broad accessibility of the dynamic streaming of multimodal data namely text, image, audio and video, this work is designed around social media data. A fusion technique was employed at the decision level, based on a database of 15 characteristics for more than 300 disasters around the world (Trained with MNIST dataset 60000 training images and 10000 testing images).  This work allows the collected multimodal social media data to share a common semantic space, making individual variable prediction easier. Each  merged numerical vector(tensors) of text and audio  is sent into the K-CNN algorithm, which is an  unsupervised learning algorithm (K-CNN), and the  image and video data is given to a deep learning  based Progressive Neural Artificial Search (PNAS).  The trained data acts as a predictor for future  incidents, allowing for the estimation of total  deaths, total individuals impacted, and total  damage, as well as specific suggestions for food,  shelter and housing inspections. To make such a prediction, the trained model is presented a satellite image from before the accident as well as the geographic and demographic conditions, which is expected to result in a prediction accuracy of more than 85%

Norovirus Gastroenteritis in a Birth Cohort in Southern India

BACKGROUND:Noroviruses are an important cause of gastroenteritis but little is known about disease and re-infection rates in community settings in Asia. METHODS:Disease, re-infection rates, strain prevalence and genetic susceptibility to noroviruses were investigated in a birth cohort of 373 Indian children followed up for three years. Stool samples from 1856 diarrheal episodes and 147 vomiting only episodes were screened for norovirus by RT-PCR. Norovirus positivity was correlated with clinical data, secretor status and ABO blood group. RESULTS:Of 1856 diarrheal episodes, 207 (11.2%) were associated with norovirus, of which 49(2.6%) were norovirus GI, 150(8.1%) norovirus GII, and 8 (0.4%) were mixed infections with both norovirus GI and GII. Of the 147 vomiting only episodes, 30 (20.4%) were positive for norovirus in stool, of which 7 (4.8%) were norovirus GI and 23 (15.6%) GII. At least a third of the children developed norovirus associated diarrhea, with the first episode at a median age of 5 and 8 months for norovirus GI and GII, respectively. Norovirus GI.3 and GII.4 were the predominant genotypes (40.3% and 53.0%) with strain diversity and change in the predominant sub-cluster over time observed among GII viruses. A second episode of norovirus gastroenteritis was documented in 44/174 (25.3%) ever-infected children. Children with the G428A homozygous mutation for inactivation of the FUT2 enzyme (se428se428) were at a significantly lower risk (48/190) of infection with norovirus (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS:This is the first report of norovirus documenting disease, re-infection and genetic susceptibility in an Asian birth cohort. The high incidence and apparent lack of genogroupII specific immunity indicate the need for careful studies on further characterization of strains, asymptomatic infection and shedding and immune response to further our understanding of norovirus infection and disease

Rotavirus infection

Q1Q1Artículo original1-16Rotavirus infections are a leading cause of severe, dehydrating gastroenteritis in children 200,000 deaths annually, mostly in low-income countries. Rotavirus primarily infects enterocytes and induces diarrhoea through the destruction of absorptive enterocytes (leading to malabsorption), intestinal secretion stimulated by rotavirus non-structural protein 4 and activation of the enteric nervous system. In addition, rotavirus infections can lead to antigenaemia (which is associated with more severe manifestations of acute gastroenteritis) and viraemia, and rotavirus can replicate in systemic sites, although this is limited. Reinfections with rotavirus are common throughout life, although the disease severity is reduced with repeat infections. The immune correlates of protection against rotavirus reinfection and recovery from infection are poorly understood, although rotavirus-specific immunoglobulin A has a role in both aspects. The management of rotavirus infection focuses on the prevention and treatment of dehydration, although the use of antiviral and anti-emetic drugs can be indicated in some cases