Intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 in Peruvian older adults

Con los recientes acuerdos del gobierno peruano con los laboratorios Sinopharm, Pfizer y Astrazeneca para la adquisición de vacunas contra la COVID-19, surge la pregunta de si un número suficiente de personas estarían dispuestas a ser inmunizadas para controlar la pandemia y la manera de garantizar que la población esté adecuadamente informada sobre la vacuna1

Ansiedad por Covid - 19 y salud mental en estudiantes universitarios

The objective of the present study is to determine the relationship between anxiety by Covid - 19 and mental health in 356 university students (227 women and 129 men, average age = 22.36 years, Standard Deviation = 2.46). It also has as specific objectives to compare the anxiety by Covid - 19 and mental health according to sociodemographic variables. To whom it was applied the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale in Spanish and the Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI). The study confirms that there is a statistically significant correlation between anxiety by Covid – 19 and mental health (ρ = −.67, p <.01). Also, regarding the comparisons made statistically significant differences are evidenced according to the variables sociodemographic previously mentioned. The study confirms that the more anxiety by Covid - 19 the lower mental health in a sample of Peruvians university students.El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la relación entre ansiedad por Covid - 19 y salud mental en 356 estudiantes universitarios (227 mujeres y 129 hombres, Medad = 22.36 años, DE = 2.46). Asimismo, se comparó la ansiedad por Covid - 19 y salud mental entre algunas variables sociodemográficas. Se aplicó la versión en español de la Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) y el Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI). Los resultados muestran que una mayor ansiedad por COVID – 19 se relaciona con una disminución de la salud mental (ρ = −.67, p <.01). Asimismo, respecto a las comparaciones realizadas se evidencian diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función a las variables sociodemográficas previamente mencionadas. El estudio confirma que a mayor ansiedad por COVID – 19 menor salud mental en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios peruanos

Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: New psychometric evidence for the Spanish version based on CFA and IRT models in a Peruvian sample

The aim of the study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), using Item Response Theory (IRT) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The participants were 790 Peruvians, selected through a convenience sampling, where the majority were women. The CFA models indicated that the one-dimensional structure better represents the data, is reliable and invariant between men and women. Likewise, IRT findings indicate that CAS is more informative for high levels of COVID-19 anxiety. The CAS in Spanish has adequate psychometric properties to be used as a short measure of COVID-19 anxiety

Sociodemographic and psychological predictors of intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine in elderly peruvians

The implementation of a vaccine against COVID-19 is one of the most important health strategies to mitigate the spread of the disease. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of the intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 and its predictors in older Peruvian adults. This is a cross-sectional study, where information was collected through an online survey regarding vaccination intention of the participants, as well as sociodemographic and psychological variables. A multiple regression analysis was applied to identify predictors of intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19. We evaluated 245 participants, who had a mean age of 72.74 years old (SD = 6.66). 65.5% of these older adults expressed a high likelihood of accepting vaccination, while 20.9% expressed a low likelihood of accepting vaccination, and 13.6% were hesitant. Eleven predictors were identified that explained 66.69% of the intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. This identified place of residence, perceived likelihood of contracting COVID-19, severity of previous infection with COVID-19, fear of the disease, previous refusal of a vaccine, concerns about vaccine sales and speculation, and trust toward vaccines against COVID-19, as the main predictors. Our results show that confidence in vaccines and previous vaccine refusal are relevant predictors of intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 in older adults; these findings may be useful to guide the development of campaigns for the immunization of this vulnerable group in the current pandemic. © 2021, Associação Brasileira de Psicologia

Cross-cultural validation of the new version of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale in twelve Latin American countries

The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) was recently developed to assess dysfunctional anxiety related to COVID-19. Although different studies reported that the CAS is psychometrically sound, it is unclear whether it is invariant across countries. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the measurement invariance of the CAS in twelve Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay). A total of 5196 people participated, with a mean age of 34.06 (SD = 26.54). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the measurement invariance of the CAS across countries and gender. Additionally, the graded response model (GRM) was used to provide a global representation of the representativeness of the scale with respect to the COVID19 dysfunctional anxiety construct. The unidimensional structure of the five-item CAS was not confirmed in all countries. Therefore, it was suggested that a four-item model of the CAS (CAS-4) provides a better fit across the twelve countries and reliable scores. Multigroup CFA showed that the CAS-4 exhibits scalar invariance across all twelve countries and all genders. In addition, the CAS-4 items are more informative at average and high levels of COVID-19 dysfunctional anxiety than at lower levels. According to the results, the CAS-4 is an instrument with strong cross-cultural validity and is suitable for cross-cultural comparisons of COVID-19 dysfunctional anxiety symptoms in the general population of the twelve Latin American countries evaluated

COVID-19 anxiety, psychological well-being and preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America and the Caribbean: relationships and explanatory model

This study assesses the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and subjective well-being in terms of the mediating role of COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Additionally, the contribution of sociodemographic factors (sex and age) and risk perception on COVID-19 anxiety and its potential measurement invariance was tested in 5655 participants from 12 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. A mixture of both latent and observable variables were analyzed using a system of structural equations. The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), Preventive COVID-19 Infection Behaviors Scale (PCIBS) and single-item measures were used to assess the perceived probability of death, perceived severity and concern about transmitting COVID-19. The results indicated that there is a significant and relevant direct effect of COVID-19 anxiety on participants' well-being. Furthermore, COVID-19 anxiety significantly predicted both preventive behavior (β =.29, p <.01) and well-being (β = –.32, p <.01). The effects of COVID anxiety and preventive behavior explained 9.8% of the variance in well-being (R-square =.098); whereas, 8.4% of the variance in preventive behavior was associated with COVID anxiety (R-square =.084). Likewise, perceived likelihood of death from COVID, perceived severity of COVID, and concerns about COVID transmission were positively related to anxiety. Age was negatively related to anxiety, with men being less anxious than women. The results are invariant by country, i.e., the broad relationships found in the combined sample are also present in each individual country. The findings indicate that, although the exact relationships between variables may vary between countries, there are enough similarities to provide useful information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in each of the countries included in the study

Emotional regulation and dispositional optimism in private Pre – School teacher of Lima

El docente de educación inicial es un agente importante del desarrollo socioemocional de los niños. La presencia de competencias socioemocionales se convierte en una variable de interés para el profesorado de inicial por un tema de salud personal y su misma labor. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo relacionar las estrategias de regulación emocional y el optimismo disposicional en una muestra de 210 docentes y auxiliares de instituciones privadas de educación inicial en Lima, con una edad promedio de 34.9 años (DE = 9.78). Se utilizó la Escala de Orientación hacia la Vida-Revisado (LOT-R) y el Cuestionario de Regulación Emocional (ERQ). Los resultados reportaron una correlación positiva, significativa y pequeña entre el optimismo disposicional y la estrategia de reevaluación cognitiva (Rho = .23; p<.01). Sin embargo, no se observó correlaciones significativas entre optimismo disposicional y supresión. Por otro lado, se evidencia una tendencia al optimismo disposicional y una mayor presencia de supresión en el profesorado de inicial. Se concluye que si bien existe una relación entre el optimismo disposicional y la estrategia de reevaluación cognitiva, estos resultados deben tomarse de manera referencial.Pre-school teachers are an important agent of social-emotional development for children. The presence of socio-emotional competencies becomes a variable of interest for pre-school teachers due to a personal health issue and their own work. The objective of this study was to relate emotional regulation strategies and dispositional optimism in a sample of 210 teachers and assistants from private initial education institutions in Lima, with an average age of 34.9 years (SD = 9.78). The Life Orientation Test- Revised (LOT-R) and the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) were used. The results reported a positive, small and significant correlation between dispositional optimism and the cognitive reappraisal strategy (Rho = .23; p <.01). However, no significant correlations were observed between dispositional optimism and suppression. On the other hand, there is evidence of a tendency towards dispositional optimism and a higher presence of suppression in pre-school teachers. It is concluded that although there is a relationship between dispositional optimism and the cognitive reappraisal strategy, these results should be taken as a reference.Tesi

Intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 in Peruvian older adults [Intención de vacunarse contra la COVID-19 en adultos mayores peruanos]

Los resultados proporcionarían información útil para orientar las campañas de salud pública sobre la seguridad y eficacia de la vacuna para incrementar las intenciones de vacunación en la población de adultos mayores. Estas campañas deben centrarse en educar y aumentar la confianza en aquellas personas que no están dispuestas a vacunarse o tienen aún vacilaciones. Para esto, se debe brindar información clara sobre la gravedad y consecuencias de la enfermedad. Cuanto más favorable sea la actitud, más fuerte será la intención de la persona de realizar la conducta de vacunarse contra la COVID-19

Bibliometric review of scientific articles on children diagnosed with ADHD from the Redalyc database in the period of publication 2010 – 2019

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo realizar un estudio bibliométrico sobre los artículos científicos de Psicología sobre niños diagnosticados con TDAH, recogidos de la base de dato Redalyc - Revistas de Latinoamérica. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda de la variable de interés encontrando 24 estudios, de los cuales finalmente, quedaron 4 seleccionados por los criterios de inclusión. Por medio del análisis de los datos, se encontró que la mayoría de estudios no contaba con doi, orcid, hipótesis, ni recomendaciones. Asimismo, los estudios se caracterizaron por usar instrumentos de medición mixtos (cuestionarios y entrevistas). Se concluye que existe una gran necesidad en continuar investigando las alteraciones y dificultades concomitantes que manifiestan los niños diagnosticados con TDAH, debido al impacto que tiene sobre su adaptación social, escolar y familiar.The objective of the present investigation was to perform a bibliometric study on the scientific articles of Psychology on children diagnosed with ADHD, collected from the Redalyc - Latin American Magazines database. For this, it has been made a search for the variable of interest, finding 24 studies, of which, finally, 4 were selected by the inclusion criteria. Through data analysis, it was found that most studies did not have doi, orcid, hypotheses, or recommendations. Likewise, the studies were characterized by using mixed measurement instruments (questionnaires and interviews). It is concluded that there is a great need to continue investigating the concomitant alterations and difficulties manifested by children diagnosed with ADHD, due to the impact it has on their social, school and family adaptation.Trabajo de investigació

Ansiedad por Covid - 19 y salud mental en estudiantes universitarios

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la relación entre ansiedad por Covid - 19 y salud mental en 356 estudiantes universitarios (227 mujeres y 129 hombres, Medad = 22.36 años, DE = 2.46). Asimismo, se comparó la ansiedad por Covid - 19 y salud mental entre algunas variables sociodemográficas. Se aplicó la versión en español de la Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) y el Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI). Los resultados muestran que una mayor ansiedad por COVID – 19 se relaciona con una disminución de la salud mental (ρ = −.67, p <.01). Asimismo, respecto a las comparaciones realizadas se evidencian diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función a las variables sociodemográficas previamente mencionadas. El estudio confirma que mayor ansiedad por COVID-19 se relaciona con un empeoramiento de la salud mental en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios peruanos