Frequency of Metalo beta Lactamase genes, bla IMP1, INT 1 in Acinetobacter baumanii isolated from burn patients North of Iran

Objective: Acinetobacter baumanii is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria causing infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance and determine the frequency of β-lactamase and class I integron genes in clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumanii isolated from burn patients in Sari, North of Iran. Method: A. baumanii specimens were collected from 2016 to 2019. After culture in a standard medium, the presence of A. baumanii was confirmed by biochemical tests. Antibacterial sensitivity test against ciprofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, Cefepime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, amikacin and colistin was performed using disc diffusion method on the Muller-Hinton agar medium. Finally, polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the resistance genes. Results: A total of 150 A. baumanii were isolated. The results of the pattern of resistance of A. baumanii to the antibiotics tested were as follows: ceftazidime (100), cefepime (94), meropenem (91), imipenem (88), ciprofloxacin (80), amikacin (78), gentamicin (63), colistin (10). The study showed that 31 of the isolates produced the metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) enzyme. Finally, by PCR method, blaIMP, blaVIM and class I integron were identified in, 45, 35 and 60 of these isolates, respectively. Conclusion: This study revealed an increased frequency of MBL-encoding genes (VIM, IMP) and class I integron in A. baumannii isolates. Also, the results of this study showed that the rate of resistant to antibiotic among A. baumanii is high. In the present study, the only antibiotic that was suitable for the treatment of these patients was colistin. These results suggest further studies on the logical use of the drug in the treatment of A. baumanii. © 2020 Elsevier Inc

Report on WHO meeting on immunization in older adults: Geneva, Switzerland, 22–23 March 2017

Many industrialized countries have implemented routine immunization policies for older adults, but similar strategies have not been widely implemented in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In March 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) convened a meeting to identify policies and activities to promote access to vaccination of older adults, specifically in LMICs. Participants included academic and industry researchers, funders, civil society organizations, implementers of global health interventions, and stakeholders from developing countries with adult immunization needs. These experts reviewed vaccine performance in older adults, the anticipated impact of adult vaccination programs, and the challenges and opportunities of building or strengthening an adult and older adult immunization platforms. Key conclusions of the meeting were that there is a need for discussion of new opportunities for vaccination of all adults as well as for vaccination of older adults, as reflected in the recent shift by WHO to a life-course approach to immunization; that immunization in adults should be viewed in the context of a much broader model based on an individual’s abilities rather than chronological age; and that immunization beyond infancy is a global priority that can be successfully integrated with other interventions to promote healthy ageing. As WHO is looking ahead to a global Decade of Healthy Ageing starting in 2020, it will seek to define a roadmap for interdisciplinary collaborations to integrate immunization with improving access to preventive and other healthcare interventions for adults worldwide