KİTOSAN/ter(GMA-MA-NTBA) POLİMER İLE MİKROKAPSÜL HAZIRLAMA VE KARAKTERİZASYONU

Bu çalışmada, ilk kez sentezlenecek olan ter(GMA-MA-NTBA) polimer ile mekanik kararlı kompozit kitosan mikrokapsüllerin hazırlanması amaçlanmıştır (glisidil metakrilat: GA, maleik anhidrit: MA, N-ter-butilakrilamid: NTBA). Sentezlenen ter(GMA-MA-NTBA) polimerin farklı oranlarını içeren kitosan tabanlı mikrokapsüller hazırlanmış ve yapısal kararlılığı optimize edilmiştir. Polimer-kitosan mikrokapsüller glutaraldehit çapraz bağlayıcı ile daha dayanıklı hale getirilmiştir. Mikrokapsüllerin morfolojileri taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM), kimyasal yapıları FT‐IR spektroskopisi ve Nükleer Magnetik Rezonans (1H-NMR) spektroskopisi ve asit sayısı vizkozimetri ile belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, ekonomik, yenilenebilir yeni nesil kompozit mikrokapsül üretiminin gelişmesine katkı sağlayabilir

Characterisation of chitin in the cuticle of a velvet worm (Onychophora)

*Kaya, Murat ( Aksaray, Yazar ) *Baran, Talat ( Aksaray, Yazar )We characterize the trunk cuticle of velvet worms of the Peripatoides novaezealandiae-group (Onychophora) using SEM, TEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TEM and SEM revealed a relatively uniform organization of the delicate cuticle that is covered by numerous bristled and nonbristled papillae with ribbed scales arranged in transverse rows. The cuticle consists of a very thin multilayered epicuticle of varying appearance followed by the largely fibrous procuticle. The irregularly arranged nanofibres of isolated cuticular chitin seen by SEM are considered as bundles of chitin fibres. FT-IR and TGA showed that the chitin is of the α-type. This confirms and broadens the single previous study in which the presence of α-chitin in a velvet worm was demonstrated with a single analysis (X-ray diffraction)...

Gender influences differentiation of chitin among body parts

WOS: 000383705600003PubMed: 27406847Earlier reports have established that chitin isolates from each body part of an insect cuticle can exhibit diverse physicochemical properties. But it is still unknown if the gender of the insect can influence characteristics of chitin isolates from different body parts. The present study addresses this question. As a result, important physicochemical differences in the chitin samples from different body parts of Melolontha sp. were recorded on the basis of sex. The chitin samples were extracted from eight different body parts (antennae, head, eyes, thorax, abdomen, elytra, hindwings, and legs) of female and male. The most remarkable variations in the chitin isolates from female and male body parts were recorded in chitin content, crystallinity, thermal stability, and surface morphology. And also it was wondered these chitin isolates from different body parts of female and male could find different applications. To check this hypothesis, the chitin samples from female and male were interacted with bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein and important variations were observed. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

How Taxonomic Relations Affect the Physicochemical Properties of Chitin

WOS: 000369326900002Chitin specimens from 16 arthropod species (13 of Insecta and 3 of Arachnida) were isolated for the first time using the same method. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and elemental analysis have been applied to determine how physicochemical properties of chitin specimens are affected by taxonomic relationship. The characterisation studies revealed that physicochemical nature of the chitin specimens differed greatly and were found partially specific to taxa. Significant differences in the surface morphologies of chitin specimens were observed even in the same order. However, the chitin contents were recorded to be specific to the order in the class Insecta. The highest chitin content was observed in Coleoptera (18.2-25.2 %) followed by Hemiptera (10.6-14.5 %), Odonata (9.5-10.1 %), Hymenoptera (7.8-9.3 %), Diptera (8.1 %), Blattodea (4.7 %). In addition, the crystalline index (CrI) values of chitin specimens from Coleoptera were found to be higher than the other orders in Insecta. This study revealed that the chitin contents and CrI values can be related to taxonomical relationships

Effect of molecular weight of chitosan on the shelf life and other quality parameters of three different cultivars of Actinidia kolomikta (kiwifruit)

The kiwi fruit, Actinidia kolomikta, has valuable properties such as high antioxidant activity, high vitamin C, polyphenols, chlorophylls and organic acids content, but the species are hardly commercialized due to their short shelf life (less than two days). In this study three different cultivars of A. kolomikta (Anykšta, Sentiabrskaya and VIR2) were coated with low, medium and high molecular weight chitosan bio-polymer with the aim to extend the shelf life. The changes in fruit firmness, mass, phenolic compound content, vitamin C content and subjective criteria (withering level, decoloration level and aesthetic appearance) were monitored. It was observed that high molecular weight chitosan had higher positive effect on the shelf life of Sentiabrskaya and Anykšta cultivars than VIR2. Low molecular weight chitosan was found effective on VIR2Botanikos sodasInstrumentinės analizės APCVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

Gender influences differentiation of chitin among body parts

eISSN: 1520-6327Earlier reports have established that chitin isolates from each body part of an insect cuticle can exhibit diverse physicochemical properties. But it is still unknown if the gender of the insect can influence characteristics of chitin isolates from different body parts. The present study addresses this question. As a result, important physicochemical differences in the chitin samples from different body parts of Melolontha sp. were recorded on the basis of sex. The chitin samples were extracted from eight different body parts (antennae, head, eyes, thorax, abdomen, elytra, hindwings, and legs) of female and male. The most remarkable variations in the chitin isolates from female and male body parts were recorded in chitin content, crystallinity, thermal stability, and surface morphology. And also it was wondered these chitin isolates from different body parts of female and male could find different applications. To check this hypothesis, the chitin samples from female and male were interacted with bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein and important variations were observed. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, IncBiologijos katedraVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

Differentiations of chitin content and surface morphologies of chitins extracted from male and female grasshopper species

WOS: 000350680700013PubMed: 25635814In this study, we used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate chitin structure isolated from both sexes of four grasshopper species. FT-IR, EA, XRD, and TGA showed that the chitin was in the alpha form. With respect to gender, two main differences were observed. First, we observed that the quantity of chitin was greater in males than in females and the dry weight of chitin between species ranged from 4.71% to 11.84%. Second, using SEM, we observed that the male chitin surface structure contained 25 - 90nm wide nanofibers and 90 - 250 nm nanopores, while no pores or nanofibers were observed in the chitin surface structure of the majority of females (nanofibers were observed only in M. desertus females). In contrast, the elemental analysis, thermal properties, and crystalline index values for chitin were similar in males and females. Also, we carried out enzymatic digestion of the isolated chitins using commercial chitinase from Streptomyces griseus. We observed that there were no big differences in digestion rate of the chitins from both sexes and commercial chitin. The digestion rates were for grasshoppers' chitins; 88.45-95.48% and for commercial chitin; 94.95%

Three-dimensional chitin rings from body segments of a pet diplopod species: characterization and protein interaction studies

Physicochemical characterization of new chitin isolates can provide valuable insights into designing of biomimetic materials. Chitin isolates with a definite three-dimensional (3D) structure can exhibit characteristics that distinguish them from other chitin specimens that are in form of powder or flakes without a definite and uniform shape. Herein, 3D chitin rings were produced from body segments of a diplopod (Archispirostreptus gigas) inhabiting tropical regions. This organism is cultured easily and can reach 38 cm in length, which makes it a suitable source for isolation of chitin. The chitin rings were characterized via TGA, FT-IR, SEM and XRD analyses. Enzymatic digestion test with chitinase demonstrated that chitin isolates had high purity (digestion rate: 97.4%). The source organism had high chitin content; 21.02 ± 2.23% on dry weight. Interactions of the chitin rings with bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein were studied under different conditions (pH: 4.0–8.0, chitin amount: 6–14 mg, contact time: 30–360 min, protein concentration: 0.2–1 mg/mL). The highest BSA adsorption was observed at pH 5.0 at 20 °C. The adsorption equilibrium data exhibited a better fit to Langmuir adsorption and the pseudo-first order kinetic models. The findings presented here can be useful for further studies aiming to develop biocompatible and nontoxic biomaterialsBiologijos katedraVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Differentiations of chitin content and surface morphologies of chitins extracted from male and female grasshopper species

Gamtos mokslų fakultetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

DNA interaction, antitumor and antimicrobial activities of three-dimensional chitosan ring produced from the body segments of a diplopod

Commercially available chitins and the chitin isolated from mushrooms, insect cuticles, shells of shrimp, crab and crayfish reported in the literature are in forms of powder, flake or granule. Threedimensional chitins have been only known from the sponges but still threedimensional chitosan has not been reported yet. In this study, we produced threedimensional chitin and chitosan rings from the body segments of a diplopod species (Julus terrestris). Obtained chitin and chitosan rings were characterized (by FTIR, SEM, TGA, XRD, dilute solution viscometry and EA) and compared with commercial chitin and chitosan. The interactions with plasmid DNA was studied at varying concentrations of chitosan (0.04, 0.4 and 4 mg/mL). Antitumor activity tests were conducted (L929 and HeLa), low cytotoxicity and high antiproliferative activity was observed. Antimicrobial activities of J. terrestris chitosan were investigated on twelve microorganisms and maximum inhibition (15.6 ± 1.154 mm) was recorded for common human pathogen Staphylococcus aureusBiologijos katedraFizikos katedraGamtos mokslų fakultetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta