10 research outputs found
The Love of Money and Pay Level Satisfaction: Measurement and Functional Equivalence in 29 Geopolitical Entities around the World
Demonstrating the equivalence of constructs is a key requirement for cross-cultural empirical research. The major purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how to assess measurement and functional equivalence or invariance using the 9-item, 3-factor Love of Money Scale (LOMS, a second-order factor model) and the 4-item, 1-factor Pay Level Satisfaction Scale (PLSS, a first-order factor model) across 29 samples in six continents (N = 5973). In step 1, we tested the configural, metric and scalar invariance of the LOMS and 17 samples achieved measurement invariance. In step 2, we applied the same procedures to the PLSS and nine samples achieved measurement invariance. Five samples (Brazil, China, South Africa, Spain and the USA) passed the measurement invariance criteria for both measures. In step 3, we found that for these two measures, common method variance was non-significant. In step 4, we tested the functional equivalence between the Love of Money Scale and Pay Level Satisfaction Scale. We achieved functional equivalence for these two scales in all five samples. The results of this study suggest the critical importance of evaluating and establishing measurement equivalence in cross-cultural studies. Suggestions for remedying measurement non-equivalence are offered
The Love of Money and Pay Level Satisfaction: Measurement and Functional Equivalence in 29 Geopolitical Entities around the World
Demonstrating the equivalence of constructs is a key requirement for crosscultural
empirical research. The major purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how to
assess measurement and functional equivalence or invariance using the 9-item, 3-factor
Love of Money Scale (LOMS, a second-order factor model) and the 4-item, 1-factor Pay
Level Satisfaction Scale (PLSS, a first-order factor model) across 29 samples in six
continents (N = 5973). In step 1, we tested the configural, metric and scalar invariance
of the LOMS and 17 samples achieved measurement invariance. In step 2, we applied
the same procedures to the PLSS and nine samples achieved measurement invariance.
Five samples (Brazil, China, South Africa, Spain and the USA) passed the measurement
invariance criteria for both measures. In step 3, we found that for these two measures,
common method variance was non-significant. In step 4, we tested the functional
equivalence between the Love of Money Scale and Pay Level Satisfaction Scale. We
achieved functional equivalence for these two scales in all five samples. The results of
this study suggest the critical importance of evaluating and establishing measurement
equivalence in cross-cultural studies. Suggestions for remedying measurement nonequivalence
are offered
Public Versus Private Sector Procurement Ethics and Strategy: What Each Sector can Learn from the Other
business sector, ethics, gender, leadership, opportunism, procurement, strategy,