81 research outputs found
Mouvements du membre supérieur chez les enfants hémiplégiques spastiques : analyse cinématique et électromyographique
RĂSUMĂ
Les enfants avec une hĂ©miplĂ©gie spastique prĂ©sentent des troubles sensorimoteurs Ă un de leurs membres supĂ©rieurs qui limitent leur fonction, surtout dans le mouvement dâextension et de supination du coude. Une analyse quantitative et objective des mouvements de ces enfants
est nĂ©cessaire pour comprendre les causes de cette limitation fonctionnelle au niveau du coude, et ainsi cibler les muscles atteints avec des traitements et thĂ©rapies spĂ©cifiques. GrĂące aux mesures cinĂ©matiques et Ă©lectromyographiques et Ă lâutilisation dâun modĂšle musculo-squelettique fiable et prĂ©cis, lâobjectif de ce mĂ©moire est dâanalyser le comportement du bras atteint et du bras non atteint des enfants avec une hĂ©miplĂ©gie spastique, lors de mouvements dâextension/flexion et de pronation/supination du coude, en Ă©tudiant les limitations dâamplitude articulaire et lâactivation musculaire relative Ă ces mouvements.
15 enfants avec une hĂ©miplĂ©gie spastique (huit garçons, moyenne dâĂąge 8.7 ans, Ă©cart-type 2.2 ans) et 15 enfants avec un dĂ©veloppement normal (neuf garçons, moyenne dâĂąge 9.3 ans Ă©cart-type 2.0 ans) ont participĂ© Ă cette Ă©tude. Un systĂšme dâanalyse 3D du mouvement T40S, VICON, Oxford) a enregistrĂ© la cinĂ©matique de 29 capteurs rĂ©tro-rĂ©flĂ©chissants placĂ©s dâun seul cĂŽtĂ© du corps des enfants sur des repĂšres anatomiques de la main, de lâavant-bras,
du bras, de lâĂ©paule et du thorax, Ă une frĂ©quence dâacquisition de 100Hz. La position de ces marqueurs Ă©tait dĂ©finie par le modĂšle musculo-squelettique raffinĂ© du membre supĂ©rieur utilisĂ©. Lâactivation musculaire de six muscles responsables de lâextension (triceps brachii),
de la flexion (biceps brachii, brachioradialis, brachialis), de la pronation (pronateurs teres et quadratus) et de la supination (biceps brachii) a Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©e avec un systĂšme dâĂ©lectromyographie de surface sans fil (BTS Bioengineering, Milan, Italy). Les enfants ont rĂ©alisĂ©
plusieurs cycles de huit tĂąches distinctes randomisĂ©es : des mouvements dâextension/flexion et de pronation/supination maximales Ă trois frĂ©quences de mouvement diffĂ©rentes (0.35Hz,0.50Hz, 0.65Hz), ainsi que deux mouvements multidimensionnels Ă la frĂ©quence spontanĂ©ment choisie par le participant (main-bouche et main-hanche). Les amplitudes articulaires maximales ainsi que des variables normalisĂ©es dâactivation musculaire ont Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©es.
En termes de rĂ©sultats, lâĂ©tude montre que les mouvements dâextension/flexion et de pronation/supination du coude sont adaptĂ©s Ă un protocole dâĂ©tude des mouvements du membre
supĂ©rieur des enfants hĂ©miplĂ©giques spastiques, car ils sont rĂ©pĂ©tables. LâĂ©tude de paramĂštres musculaires normalisĂ©s a permis de mettre en Ă©vidence des diffĂ©rences entre le bras atteint des enfants hĂ©miplĂ©giques et les bras des enfants avec un dĂ©veloppement normal.----------ABSTRACT
Children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy are restricted in their daily activities,
specifically during the movements of elbow extension and supination, due to sensorimotor
disorders at their involved upper limb. A quantitative and objective analysis of the movements
of these children is required to understand the causes of elbow functional limitation
at the elbow, and thus to target the affected muscles with specific treatments and therapies.
Using kinematic and electromyographic measurements together with a reliable and accurate
musculoskeletal model, the objective of this thesis is to analyze the behavior of the involved
and non involved upper limbs of children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy during elbow
extension/flexion and pronation/supination movements and, in particular, to analyze
the range of motion limitations and the muscle activation related to these movements.
15 children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy (eight males, mean age=8.7 years, standard
deviation=2.2 years) and 15 typically developing children (nine males, mean age=9.3
years, standard deviation=2.0 years) were recruited for this study. A 3D motion analysis
system (T40S, VICON, Oxford) recorded the kinematics of 29 retro-reflective markers
monolaterally placed on anatomical landmarks of the hand, forearm, arm, shoulder, and
thorax. Their placement was defined according to the refined musculoskeletal model of the
upper limb used for this study. The activation of superficial muscles responsible for extension
(triceps brachii), flexion (biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis), pronation (pronator
teres, pronator quadratus) and supination (biceps brachii) was recorded using a wireless
FREEEMG300 system (BTS, Milan, Italy). The participants performed consecutive cycles
of eight distinct randomized tasks: maximum active extension/flexion and maximum active
pronation/supination at three different movement frequencies (0.35Hz, 0.50Hz, 0.65Hz),
and two multidimensional tasks consisting of hand-to-mouth and hand-to-back movements,
at a self-chosen pace. Active ranges of motion and representative indicators of the muscle
activation were computed.
In terms of results, movements of elbow extension/flexion and pronation/supination are
suitable for a study protocol of upper limb movements of children with spastic hemiplegic
cerebral palsy, since they provide excellent kinematics repeatability. The normalized indicators
of the muscle activation highlighted differences between the involved upper limb and the
upper limbs of typically developing children. In particular, the impact of muscle activation
on the limitation of extension and supination ranges of motion in the involved upper limb wa
Muscle volume quantification: guiding transformers with anatomical priors
Muscle volume is a useful quantitative biomarker in sports, but also for the
follow-up of degenerative musculo-skelletal diseases. In addition to volume,
other shape biomarkers can be extracted by segmenting the muscles of interest
from medical images. Manual segmentation is still today the gold standard for
such measurements despite being very time-consuming. We propose a method for
automatic segmentation of 18 muscles of the lower limb on 3D Magnetic Resonance
Images to assist such morphometric analysis. By their nature, the tissue of
different muscles is undistinguishable when observed in MR Images. Thus, muscle
segmentation algorithms cannot rely on appearance but only on contour cues.
However, such contours are hard to detect and their thickness varies across
subjects. To cope with the above challenges, we propose a segmentation approach
based on a hybrid architecture, combining convolutional and visual transformer
blocks. We investigate for the first time the behaviour of such hybrid
architectures in the context of muscle segmentation for shape analysis.
Considering the consistent anatomical muscle configuration, we rely on
transformer blocks to capture the longrange relations between the muscles. To
further exploit the anatomical priors, a second contribution of this work
consists in adding a regularisation loss based on an adjacency matrix of
plausible muscle neighbourhoods estimated from the training data. Our
experimental results on a unique database of elite athletes show it is possible
to train complex hybrid models from a relatively small database of large
volumes, while the anatomical prior regularisation favours better predictions
Methodological development to analyze upper limb muscle disorders in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy : implications for associated therapies and treatments
Les enfants atteints de paralysie cĂ©rĂ©brale unilatĂ©rale spastique ont un membre supĂ©rieur dont les mouvements sont dĂ©gradĂ©s. Un des symptĂŽmes en cause est la co-activation spastique, une activation excessive de certains muscles qui sâopposent au mouvement. En clinique, il nâexiste pas dâoutil pour distinguer quels muscles ont une activation pathologique. Les signaux Ă©lectromyographiques, mesurĂ©s de façon non invasive, peuvent discriminer des activations musculaires pathologiques. Cependant, ils sont rarement mesurĂ©s au membre supĂ©rieur des enfants atteints de paralysie cĂ©rĂ©brale, en raison dâobstacles mĂ©thodologiques et statistiques. Cette thĂšse aborde ces obstacles. Les signaux Ă©lectromyographiques de muscles du membre supĂ©rieur ont Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©s chez 63 enfants avec et sans paralysie cĂ©rĂ©brale unilatĂ©rale spastique, dans le cadre de 5 Ă©tudes de recherche. Les 2 premiĂšres Ă©tudes ont consistĂ© Ă dĂ©tecter et caractĂ©riser les anomalies de commande musculaire chez les enfants avec une paralysie cĂ©rĂ©brale, afin de cibler les paramĂštres Ă©lectromyographiques pertinents. La 3Ăšme Ă©tude a validĂ© la mesure Ă©lectromyographique au membre supĂ©rieur, en Ă©valuant sa variabilitĂ©. Les 4Ăšme et 5Ăšme Ă©tudes ont appliquĂ© la mĂ©thodologie dĂ©veloppĂ©e Ă des problĂ©matiques cliniques : distinguer, pour chaque enfant, les muscles responsables des limitations de mouvements actifs ; Ă©valuer les modifications dâactivation musculaire Ă la suite de thĂ©rapies. Le dĂ©veloppement mĂ©thodologique liĂ© Ă ces Ă©tudes a permis dâĂ©valuer la fiabilitĂ© de lâanalyse Ă©lectromyographique du membre supĂ©rieur, et a montrĂ© son fort potentiel pour le « diagnostic fonctionnel » des enfants atteints de paralysie cĂ©rĂ©brale.Children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy have restricted movement of one upper limb.One of the symptoms responsible for this limitation is spastic co-activation, which is an excessive activation from specific muscles opposing the movement. In clinical routine, no tool can detect which muscles have a pathological activation.Electromyographic signals, measured non-invasively, can discriminate pathological muscle activations.However, they are rarely measured at the upper limb of children with cerebral palsy, due to methodological and statistical difficulties. This thesis addresses these difficulties. Electromyographic signals of upper limb muscles were measured in 63 children with and without unilateral spastic cerebral palsy, as part of 5 research studies.The first two studies consisted in detecting and characterizing abnormal muscle activations in children with cerebral palsy, in order to target relevant electromyographic parameters. The third study validated the measure of upper limb electromyography, and evaluated its variability.Fourth and fifth studies applied the developed methodology to clinical problems: the distinction, for each child, of the muscles responsible for active movement restrictions; the evaluation of muscle activation modifications following a therapy.Methodological development associated with these studies assessed the reliability of upper limb electromyography, and showed its strong potential for the âfunctional diagnosisâ of children with cerebral palsy
Développement méthodologique pour l'analyse des troubles de la commande du membre supérieur des enfants avec une paralysie cérébrale unilatérale spastique : implications pour les thérapies et traitements associés
Children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy have restricted movement of one upper limb.One of the symptoms responsible for this limitation is spastic co-activation, which is an excessive activation from specific muscles opposing the movement. In clinical routine, no tool can detect which muscles have a pathological activation.Electromyographic signals, measured non-invasively, can discriminate pathological muscle activations.However, they are rarely measured at the upper limb of children with cerebral palsy, due to methodological and statistical difficulties. This thesis addresses these difficulties. Electromyographic signals of upper limb muscles were measured in 63 children with and without unilateral spastic cerebral palsy, as part of 5 research studies.The first two studies consisted in detecting and characterizing abnormal muscle activations in children with cerebral palsy, in order to target relevant electromyographic parameters. The third study validated the measure of upper limb electromyography, and evaluated its variability.Fourth and fifth studies applied the developed methodology to clinical problems: the distinction, for each child, of the muscles responsible for active movement restrictions; the evaluation of muscle activation modifications following a therapy.Methodological development associated with these studies assessed the reliability of upper limb electromyography, and showed its strong potential for the âfunctional diagnosisâ of children with cerebral palsy.Les enfants atteints de paralysie cĂ©rĂ©brale unilatĂ©rale spastique ont un membre supĂ©rieur dont les mouvements sont dĂ©gradĂ©s. Un des symptĂŽmes en cause est la co-activation spastique, une activation excessive de certains muscles qui sâopposent au mouvement. En clinique, il nâexiste pas dâoutil pour distinguer quels muscles ont une activation pathologique. Les signaux Ă©lectromyographiques, mesurĂ©s de façon non invasive, peuvent discriminer des activations musculaires pathologiques. Cependant, ils sont rarement mesurĂ©s au membre supĂ©rieur des enfants atteints de paralysie cĂ©rĂ©brale, en raison dâobstacles mĂ©thodologiques et statistiques. Cette thĂšse aborde ces obstacles. Les signaux Ă©lectromyographiques de muscles du membre supĂ©rieur ont Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©s chez 63 enfants avec et sans paralysie cĂ©rĂ©brale unilatĂ©rale spastique, dans le cadre de 5 Ă©tudes de recherche. Les 2 premiĂšres Ă©tudes ont consistĂ© Ă dĂ©tecter et caractĂ©riser les anomalies de commande musculaire chez les enfants avec une paralysie cĂ©rĂ©brale, afin de cibler les paramĂštres Ă©lectromyographiques pertinents. La 3Ăšme Ă©tude a validĂ© la mesure Ă©lectromyographique au membre supĂ©rieur, en Ă©valuant sa variabilitĂ©. Les 4Ăšme et 5Ăšme Ă©tudes ont appliquĂ© la mĂ©thodologie dĂ©veloppĂ©e Ă des problĂ©matiques cliniques : distinguer, pour chaque enfant, les muscles responsables des limitations de mouvements actifs ; Ă©valuer les modifications dâactivation musculaire Ă la suite de thĂ©rapies. Le dĂ©veloppement mĂ©thodologique liĂ© Ă ces Ă©tudes a permis dâĂ©valuer la fiabilitĂ© de lâanalyse Ă©lectromyographique du membre supĂ©rieur, et a montrĂ© son fort potentiel pour le « diagnostic fonctionnel » des enfants atteints de paralysie cĂ©rĂ©brale
Ausbildung zum Rating-Analysten an der UniversitÀt Augsburg mit Einsatz spezieller Rating-Software
Ausbildung zum Rating-Analysten an der UniversitĂ€t Augsburg mit Einsatz spezieller Rating-Software / Thomas Berger ; Walburga Sarcher. - In: Rating-Software / Werner Gleissner ... - MĂŒnchen : Vahlen, 2007. - S. 413-42
ÂŽChemin de Saint-JacquesÂŽ oder ÂŽChemin Saint-JacquesÂŽ
ÂŽChemin de Saint-JacquesÂŽ oder ÂŽChemin Saint-JacquesÂŽ : Sprachl. zum Titel e. neuen Romans von Antonine Maillet. - In: Romanistik in Geschichte und Gegenwart. 3. 1997. S. 203-21
Analystenausbildung fĂŒr das Mittelstandsrating
Analystenausbildung fĂŒr das Mittelstandsrating. - In: Rating - Chance fĂŒr den Mittelstand nach Basel II / Oliver Everling (Hrsg.). - Wiesbaden : Gabler, 2001. - S. 681-69
Qualifizierte Rating-Ausbildungen an der UniversitÀt Augsburg/ZWW
Qualifizierte Rating-Ausbildungen an der UniversitÀt Augsburg/ZWW : sinnvolle ErgÀnzung von Theorie und Praxis. - In: Finanzierung, Leasing, Factoring. 53. 2006. S. 260-26
- âŠ