Ko-produktive Stadtentwicklung? Steuerungsansätze und Steuerungsprobleme mit kreativen Wertschöpfungsprozessen

In den wissenschaftlichen Diskussionen über die Kulturalisierung der Ökonomie oder Kreativquartiere lässt sich erkennen, dass für raumgestaltende Prozesse die Eigenlogiken kreativer Unternehmen von grundlegender Bedeutung sind. Zur Gestaltung einer kreativen Stadt sind flexible und projektbasierte Konstellationen notwendig. Hierarchische Organisationsmodelle und formelle Instrumente der Stadtplanung verlieren in diesem Kontext an Bedeutung. Horizontale Steuerungsformen und vor allem ko-produktive Aktivitäten sind dafür geeignet. Wichtige Akteure sind dabei natürlich Stadtplanungsämter und städtische Wirtschaftsförderungsgesellschaften. Diese Akteure setzen in der Praxis die damit verbundenen Aufgabenjedoch nur selten in Beziehung zu der Frage nach adäquaten Formen der räumlichen Planung oder Steuerung. Anhand eines bedarfsorientierten Forschungsansatzes habe ich dieses Phänomen planungswissenschaftlich untersucht und dazu die Wertschöpfungsprozesse kreativer Kleinstunternehmen in der Stadt Hamburg als Beispiel genommen. Dabei zeigen sich vielfältige Formen betrieblicher Entwicklungspfade sowie zielgruppenorientierte Unterstützungsmaßnahmen der lokalen Institutionen der Stadtplanung und Wirtschaftsförderung. Der Artikel beschreibt Steuerungsansätze und -probleme mit kreativen Ökonomien von unterschiedlichen Akteuren der öffentlichen Hand hinsichtlich gesamtstädtischer Entwicklungsperspektiven. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen ko-produktiver Stadtentwicklung werden konkret am Beispiel der Stadt Hamburg skizziert. Der Artikel endet mit Handlungsvorschlägen für eine Qualifizierung planerischer Ko-Produktion und Übertragungsmöglichkeiten für andere Städte

A herança colonial e a desigualdade de gênero na democracia representativa no Brasil: uma análise relacional / Colonial inheritance and gender inequality in representative democracy in Brazil: a relational analysis

Ao tratar da desigualdade de gênero, a inquietude deste estudo está na existência de vinculação entre o colonialismo e a realidade da mulher no cenário político-representativo no Brasil. Objetiva-se relacionar, a partir da existência da hierarquia e hegemonia – registros da estrutura patriarcal – a presença majoritária masculina dentro do sistema democrático-representativo brasileiro e a dificuldade da mulher em acessar espaços públicos relacionados a esta forma de exercício da cidadania. Desenvolvido o estudo a partir do método bibliográfico, com a reflexão acerca do contexto da binaridade de gênero, constata-se que mesmo sendo a população brasileira majoritariamente feminina, existindo meios legais que garantam o mínimo de representatividade na construção do poder político através do exercício do sufrágio, as medidas não são suficientes para assegurar efetivo exercício democrático- representativo e igualitário de direitos na política nacional. Para fins de equilibrar a política representativa, para que outras formas de experiências apresentem-se e tenham condições de se consolidar, como a presença efetiva da mulher na política representativa nacional, decolonizar-se a estrutura que hegemoniza a figura masculina nos cargos políticos nacionais poderá dar meios eficientes de superação da regra patriarcal e eurocêntrica dominante, vindo a favorecer o exercício pleno da cidadania da mulher no cenário político nacional.

Culture in Transit: Digitizing and Democratizing NYC’s Cultural Heritage

Presentation from the MARAC conference in Pittsburgh, PA on April 14–16, 2016. S4 - Culture in Transit: Digitizing and Democratizing NYC’s Cultural Heritage

Redesigning the Senior Leader Engagement Program of the United States Africa Command

AFRICOM conducts hundreds of senior leader engagements (SLEs) each year throughout the African continent in order to create strategic partnerships and military relationships that preserve American interests abroad. While AFRICOM has been planning and executing these engagements since the inception of the organization in 2008, it lacks a well-defined method to systemize its SLE process. As a result, SLE development is largely ad hoc, potentially decreasing the strategic effectiveness of the engagements and increasing their cost. This paper delineates a decision-making framework to redesign and enhance AFRICOM’s SLE program. In particular, it posits a multiple objective decision analysis model that quantifies key stakeholder values and develops several alternatives for future evaluation. Of note, potential solutions imagine a more expansive system where subsets of Senior Leaders (SLs) are assigned to clusters of African countries based on the SLs’ similarity to countries within each cluster, providing a basis for relationship ownership and mutual trust

Control of human adenovirus type 5 gene expression by cellular Daxx/ATRX chromatin-associated complexes

Death domain–associated protein (Daxx) cooperates with X-linked α-thalassaemia retardation syndrome protein (ATRX), a putative member of the sucrose non-fermentable 2 family of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodelling proteins, acting as the core ATPase subunit in this complex, whereas Daxx is the targeting factor, leading to histone deacetylase recruitment, H3.3 deposition and transcriptional repression of cellular promoters. Despite recent findings on the fundamental importance of chromatin modification in host-cell gene regulation, it remains unclear whether adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) transcription is regulated by cellular chromatin remodelling to allow efficient virus gene expression. Here, we focus on the repressive role of the Daxx/ATRX complex during Ad5 replication, which depends on intact protein–protein interaction, as negative regulation could be relieved with a Daxx mutant that is unable to interact with ATRX. To ensure efficient viral replication, Ad5 E1B-55K protein inhibits Daxx and targets ATRX for proteasomal degradation in cooperation with early region 4 open reading frame protein 6 and cellular components of a cullin-dependent E3-ubiquitin ligase. Our studies illustrate the importance and diversity of viral factors antagonizing Daxx/ATRX-mediated repression of viral gene expression and shed new light on the modulation of cellular chromatin remodelling factors by Ad5. We show for the first time that cellular Daxx/ATRX chromatin remodelling complexes play essential roles in Ad gene expression and illustrate the importance of early viral proteins to counteract cellular chromatin remodelling

Breaking New Ground : Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition

Despite increasing consumer demand for organic food and farm products and double-digit annual sales growth, U.S. organic production is currently flat and unable to meet demand. This report presents findings from a national survey of farmers about their experiences with organic transition, exploring motivations, obstacles, and desired resources and support related to the transition process. We found significant variation among farms who had successfully transitioned, who were still in process, who have split operations, and who ultimately decided not to pursue organic farming. Farmers in our study echo long-standing concerns about costs, recordkeeping, on-farm production challenges, infrastructure, and access to profitable markets. We offer a set of specific recommendations, observing that there is plenty of work to do by a wide variety of organizations and agencies that specialize in crop research, infrastructure development, market development, and policy development related to the organic sector. The report is a collaboration between Oregon State University’s Center for Small Farms & Community Food Systems and Oregon Tilth, Inc

O pensamento decolonial e a desigualdade de gênero: uma relação a partir da proposta da igualdade da declaração universal dos direitos humanos e a realidade latino-americana / Decolonial thought and gender inequality: a relationship based on the equality proposal of the universal declaration of human rights and the latin american reality

A busca pela igualdade fundamentou importantes acontecimentos históricos. O valor igualdade vem destacada na Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos - 1948, como pressuposto dos direitos humanos. Há, contudo, uma interpretação relacionada à qualidade eurocêntrica que permeia esta igualdade. A exemplo da América, constituída como o primeiro padrão de poder de vocação mundial, porque as relações sociais criadas nessa ideia produziram neste continente novas identidades sociais, como índios, negros, mestiços. Estas relações foram se estabelecendo, configurando estruturas de dominação e hierarquias com novo padrão. Estratifica-se, assim, a cultura patriarcal, marcada por distinções como a existente entre dominante e dominado, de onde se desenvolve também a desigualdade de gênero. Esta, então é a temática que permeia este estudo: a desigualdade de gênero na América Latina, e a inquietude que impulsiona esta pesquisa envolve o critério de universalidade da igualdade proposta pela Declaração Universal de Direitos Humanos e (im)possibilidade de sua aplicação na América Latina, tendo por parâmetro a colonialidade que dentre tantas desigualdades possíveis, estratificou também a desigualdade de gênero nesta sociedade. Este estudo tem como metodologia uma revisão bibliográfica. Um dos resultados, a partir da problematização proposta, dá conta que é provável que o Estado alimenta e aprofunda o processo colonizador. Por isso, a fim de restituir o que fora rasgado pela colonialidade, caberia ao Estado o restabelecimento de um discurso igualitário, resgatando formas coletivas de hierarquias e poderes menos autoritários. 

Accelerated aging: A marker for social factors resulting in cardiovascular events?

Background: Medicine and public health are shifting away from a purely personal responsibility model of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention towards a societal view targeting social and environmental conditions and how these result in disease. Given the strong association between social conditions and CVD outcomes, we hypothesize that accelerated aging, measuring earlier health decline associated with chronological aging through a combination of biomarkers, may be a marker for the association between social conditions and CVD. Methods: We used data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study (CARDIA). Accelerated aging was defined as the difference between biological and chronological age. Biological age was derived as a combination of 7 biomarkers (total cholesterol, HDL, glucose, BMI, CRP, FEV1/h(2), MAP), representing the physiological effect of wear and tear usually associated with chronological aging. We studied accelerated aging measured in 2005-06 as a mediator of the association between social factors measured in 2000-01 and 1) any incident CVD event; 2) stroke; and 3) all-cause mortality occurring from 2007 through 18. Results: Among 2978 middle-aged participants, mean (SD) accelerated aging was 3.6 (11.6) years, i.e., the CARDIA cohort appeared to be, on average, 3 years older than its chronological age. Accelerated aging partially mediated the association between social factors and CVD (N=219), stroke (N=36), and mortality (N=59). Accelerated aging mediated 41% of the total effects of racial discrimination on stroke after adjustment for covariates. Accelerated aging also mediated other relationships but to lesser degrees. Conclusion: We provide new evidence that accelerated aging based on easily measurable biomarkers may be a viable marker to partially explain how social factors can lead to cardiovascular outcomes and death