Impulsivity and Depression in Adolescent Smokers and Nonsmokers

2008 Spring Department of Arts and Sciences Research Scholarship2008 Spring Social and Behavioral Sciences Research Grant2008 Autumn Social and Behavioral Sciences Research GrantLittle research has explored the relationship between depression and impulsive behavior in adolescent smokers and nonsmokers. The current study examined impulsive disinhibition, impulsive decision-making (delay discounting), and self-reported impulsivity in depressed and non-depressed adolescent smokers and nonsmokers (i.e., four groups of 15). Participants were recruited based on smoking status (verified via biomarkers for nicotine) and depression scores using a standardized self-report measure. Recommended cutoff scores for the measure of depression were used to categorize depressed and non-depressed participants. For the measure of impulsive disinhibition, the groups did not differ. On the measure of delay discounting, the non-depressed nonsmokers discounted significantly less (i.e., less impulsively) than the other three groups, while those three groups did not differ significantly. For the self-report measure of impulsivity, the non-depressed nonsmokers were again significantly less impulsive than the other three groups. However, for this measure, depressed smokers and nonsmokers were more impulsive than non-depressed smokers—suggesting depression is associated with greater impulsivity on this measure regardless of smoking status. These findings indicate that depression, even among nonsmokers, is associated with higher levels of impulsivity, although findings are different depending on the assessment of impulsivity considered. Collectively, depressed adolescents may be at a higher risk of cigarette smoking because of the association between depression and impulsivity. Future prospective research may help clarify any causal association between high levels of depression and impulsivity and the degree to which these adolescents may be at greater risk of initiating cigarette smoking.Research Institute at Nationwide Children's HospitalNo embarg

The Lives of Jessie Sampter

Sarah Imhoff tells the story of the queer, disabled, Zionist writer Jessie Sampter (1883–1938), whose body and life did not match typical Zionist ideals and serves as an example of the complex relationships between the body, queerness, disability, religion, and nationalism

The Lives of Jessie Sampter

Sarah Imhoff tells the story of the queer, disabled, Zionist writer Jessie Sampter (1883–1938), whose body and life did not match typical Zionist ideals and serves as an example of the complex relationships between the body, queerness, disability, religion, and nationalism

International lease accounting reform and economic consequences: the views of UK users and preparers

In response to perceived difficulties with extant lease-accounting standards in operation worldwide, the G4+1 issued a discussion paper which proposes that all leases should be recognized on the balance sheet [ASB (1999). Leases: Implementation of a new approach, discussion paper. London: Accounting Standards Board]. Leasing is now on the active agenda of the IASB. A major difficulty faced by standard setters lies in overcoming the preparer/user lobbying imbalance and obtaining ex ante evidence on the likely impact of regulatory reform. This paper contributes to the ongoing international debate by conducting a questionnaire survey of U.K. users and preparers to assess their views on proposals for lease-accounting reform and on the potential economic consequences of their adoption. The results, based on 132 responses, indicate that both groups accept that there are deficiencies in the current rules, but they do not agree on the way forward and believe that the proposals would lead to significant economic consequences for key parties. The impact on respondents' views of familiarity with the proposals, level of lease usage, and company size, is also examined

Uncoupling between cerebral perfusion and oxygenation during incremental exercise in an athlete with postconcussion syndrome: a case report

High‐intensity exercise may pose a risk to patients with postconcussion syndrome (PCS) when symptomatic during exertion. The case of a paralympic athlete with PCS who experienced a succession of convulsion‐awakening periods and reported a marked increase in postconcussion symptoms after undergoing a graded symptom‐limited aerobic exercise protocol is presented. Potential mechanisms of cerebrovascular function failure are then discussed

Crowdsourcing hypothesis tests: Making transparent how design choices shape research results

To what extent are research results influenced by subjective decisions that scientists make as they design studies? Fifteen research teams independently designed studies to answer fiveoriginal research questions related to moral judgments, negotiations, and implicit cognition. Participants from two separate large samples (total N > 15,000) were then randomly assigned to complete one version of each study. Effect sizes varied dramatically across different sets of materials designed to test the same hypothesis: materials from different teams renderedstatistically significant effects in opposite directions for four out of five hypotheses, with the narrowest range in estimates being d = -0.37 to +0.26. Meta-analysis and a Bayesian perspective on the results revealed overall support for two hypotheses, and a lack of support for three hypotheses. Overall, practically none of the variability in effect sizes was attributable to the skill of the research team in designing materials, while considerable variability was attributable to the hypothesis being tested. In a forecasting survey, predictions of other scientists were significantly correlated with study results, both across and within hypotheses. Crowdsourced testing of research hypotheses helps reveal the true consistency of empirical support for a scientific claim.</div