La influencia de la institucionalización sobre la percepción de la autonomía y la calidad de vida en ancianos

Objetivo Evaluar la influencia de la institucionalización en la autonomía y la calidad de vida percibida entre ancianos institucionalizados. Método Estudio casi-experimental (serie temporal interrumpida) y longitudinal. La muestra estuvo compuesta de 104 añosos de tres centros residenciales de Santander, España. A fin de evaluar la calidad de vida y la dependencia fueron utilizadas dos escalas: el Índice de Barthel y el Índice de Lawton. Resultados Se observó una relación significativa entre la autonomía y la independencia y su declinio en virtud de la institucionalización, como los aspectos físicos y sociales. Conclusión La dependencia de las personas mayores es un fenómeno complejo, que demanda distintos tipos de intervención, incluyéndose las acciones de apoyo común, que tienden a cubrir la ausencia de autonomía en la vida cuotidiana, sin recurrir a la institucionalización.Objective To evaluate the influence exercised by institutionalization on the autonomy and perception of quality of life among the institutionalized elderly. Method The study is quasi-experimental (interrupted time series) and longitudinal. The sample is composed for 104 elderly people who went into a three nursing home in Santander, Spain. To assess the quality of life and dependence two scales were used: the Barthel Index and Lawton Index. Results There was an important relationship between autonomy and independence and their deterioration due to their institutionalisation, such as the physical and social aspects. Conclusion It´s important to point out that the dependence of the elderly is a complex phenomenon, which admits many types of intervention, including the customary ones referring to more classic welfare actions which tend to supplant the absence of autonomy in everyday life by facilitating services and attention to make up for this need, without having to resort to institutionalization.Objetivo Avaliar a influência da institucionalização na autonomia e na qualidade de vida percebida entre idosos institucionalizados. Método Estudo quase-experimental (série temporal interrompida) e longitudinal. A amostra foi composta de 104 idosos de três centros residenciais de Santander na Espanha. Para avaliar a qualidade de vida e a dependência foram utilizadas duas escalas: o Índice de Barthel e o Índice de Lawton. Resultados Observou-se uma relação significativa entre autonomia e independência e seu declínio devido à institucionalização, como os aspectos físicos e sociais. Conclusão A dependência dos idosos é um fenômeno complexo, que demanda vários tipos de intervenção, incluindo as ações de apoio comum, que tendem a cobrir a ausência de autonomia na vida cotidiana, sem recorrer a institucionalização

Satisfaction with caregiving among informal caregivers of elderly people with dementia based on the salutogenic model of health

Objectives: The main objective was to analyze the variables Sense of Coherence, Resilience and Emotional Regulation as predictors of satisfaction with care in caregivers of older adults people with dementia. Methods: An ex post facto cross-sectional study design with a single group. The data were collected between June and October 2020.63 caregivers of older adults people with severe dementia participated, by responding to questionnaires concerning the study variables during a telephone interview. Information was also collected regarding the characteristics of the care provided (years of evolution, degree of dementia, index of independence) and regarding the caregiver (age and years of caregiving) which will be analyzed as control variables. The data were analyzed using correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The participants presented average levels for Sense of Coherence, Resilience, Emotional Regulation (M = 16.93) and a high degree of Satisfaction with care. Sense of Coherence was the main predictor of Satisfaction with care, explaining up to 67% of the variance, through its Significance and Comprehensibility dimensions. Although the Resilience variable presented a significant association with Satisfaction, its role in the predictive model was displaced by Sense of Coherence. Conclusions: Sense of Coherence and Resilience are relevant psychological variables because of their positive relationship with satisfaction with care among caregivers of older adults people with dementia. The caregivers' perception of the significance and comprehensibility of the situation are important positive predictors of their satisfaction with the care of older people with dementia. These results are suggestive to guide the follow-up and psychological support of caregivers

Multidimensional inequality in global well-being using generalized entropy indices

En este trabajo se abordan las tres metodologías propuestas en la literatura para evaluar la desigualdad en el bienestar a nivel mundial concebido como un proceso multidimensional. Para ello se considera el Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH), que representa el bienestar en términos de renta, salud y educación, para el periodo 1980- 2011. Partiendo de un análisis de desigualdad dimensión por dimensión, se concluye que en todas ellas se ha producido una disminución durante el periodo objeto de estudio, aunque las respectivas evoluciones son muy dispares. La desigualdad del IDH se ha reducido considerablemente en las últimas décadas, lo que se pone de manifiesto a partir de medidas unidimensionales y multidimensionales de entropía generalizada. Adicionalmente se lleva a cabo una descomposición de estas medidas en sus componentes interregional e intrarregional considerando las regiones del PNUD, resultados que reflejan cómo la disminución de la desigualdad en el bienestar es debida principalmente a la disminución de la desigualdad intrarregionalIn this work inequality in well-being in the world, as a multidimensional process, is assessed under three different approaches. To that end, we consider the Human Development Index, which measures well-being in terms of income, health and education, for the period 1980-2011. As a starting point, we propose a dimension-bydimension approach which reveals that the three dimensions have reduced their inequality over the study period although different patterns are concluded. Using unidimensional and multidimensional generalized entropy measures, we conclude that inequality in well-being has been remarkably reduced in the last decades. Decomposition of these measures in two components, between regions and within regions, which are determined by UNDP, has also been calculated. The results point out that the fall of inequality is mainly due to the decrease of within componen

Retirement or no Retirement? The Decision´s Effects on Cognitive Functioning, Well-Being, and Quality of Life

This study addressed the psychological effects on personal well-being and reported quality of life of staying professionally active in late adulthood, and to what extent years of professional inactivity modulates cognitive abilities. Design and Methods: We collected data on 262 elderly adults, 129 of whom were professionally active elderly adults (who voluntarily maintained their professional activity after the age of retirement) and 133 of whom were retired adults, in a set of experimental tasks to measure basic cognitive resources. The study took place during the first quarter of 2020. Results: Active elderly people performed better on cognitive tasks that assessed attention, memory, and solving abilities and also reported more satisfaction with life and their current work. Multiple linear regressions analyses revealed that years of inactivity were associated with lower cognitive performance. Mentally demanding jobs were significantly associated with memory performance, but not with attention and planning. Conclusions: An involuntary separation from professional activity in the beginning of late adulthood may cause a deeper decline of cognitive functions, poorer adaptive adjustment to the aging process, and higher dissatisfaction with the period of life the individual is going through

Metabolismo y composición de glicerolípidos y ácidos grasos en tejidos adultos y fetales de conejo

Tesis Univ. Complutense de Madrid.Fac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEProQuestpu

Nivel de Autoestima y el Rendimiento Escolar en alumnos de 4to, 5to y 6to Grado de Educación Primaria del Centro Educativo 40001 Luis H. Bouroncle de la Ciudad de Arequipa 2003

Antecedentes: Se estima que el nivel de autoestima influye en diversos aspectos negativos y positivos del educando desde sus primeros años, entre ellos el rendimiento escolar. La literatura indica que el rendimiento escolar puede estar influenciado por el nivel de autoestima. Objetivo: Establecer el nivel de autoestima de una población escolar primaria e indicar la existencia o no de relación con el rendimiento escolar en dicha población. Metodología: Estudio analítico de corte transversal. Se estudió a 300 escolares de nivel primario de educación pública de los tres últimos grados (4to, 5to y 6to) del distrito de Arequipa, se les aplicó un cuestionario de determinación de nivel de autoestima (Hare modificado) y se obtuvo el promedio promocional del grado cursado el año previo, luego se correlacionó ambas variables para obtener los resultados. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, ANOVA y pruebas de correlación estadística. Resultados: Se encontró un nivel de autoestima medio en 52,3% del total (n = 300), con promedio de 84,08±14,5 puntos al instrumento, sin variación 6 significativa entre los tres grados (F = 1,08; p = 0,3407). El promedio de rendimiento escolar fue de 14,74±1,5 puntos (escala vigesimal) con variación significativa entre los grados (F = 6,88; p = 0,0012). El coeficiente de correlación general entre ambas variables fue r = 0,32002 con valor altamente significativo (p < 0,00001) indicando de baja a moderada influencia del nivel de autoestima sobre el rendimiento escolar. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la población estudiada tiene un nivel medio de autoestima y que esta variable se correlaciona en forma baja a moderada con el rendimiento escolar en la población mencionada

Apathy and Leukoaraiosis in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: Multicenter Diagnostic Criteria according to the Latest Studies

AIMS: The aim is to study the prevalence and possible relationship of apathy and leukoaraiosis in cases of cognitive impairment of varying severity in Spain. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, multicenter study involving 109 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 59 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). RESULTS: The older group with AD had a higher prevalence of leukoaraiosis and apathy, with significant differences compared to the MCI group. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first multicenter study in our country that jointly analyzes the presence of apathy and leukoaraiosis in the institutionalized elderly with varying degrees of cognitive impairment according to the most recent criteria for detecting apathy in dementia

Evolution of global inequality in human well-being : a sensitivity analysis.

In this paper, we study global inequality in well-being taking as a theoretical benchmark the Human Development Index (HDI), which comprises variables of income, health and education. We use a two-step methodology that involves the construction of a composite index in the first step on which inequality measures are computed. The use of these measures requires making choices on the standardisation of the variables and their weights, the rate of substitution between dimensions and the degree of inequality aversion in the society. We investigate the impact of these choices on the evolution of unweighted inequality over the period 1980–2011. We find the robust result that global inequality in human well-being decreased over the last 30 yearsThe authors thank the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Project ECO2010- 15455) and the Ministerio de Educación (AP2010-4907) for partial support of this work

Antitumor and antiangiogenic potential of solomonamide synthesis intermediates

Es comunicación (formato panel) a congreso internacionalIn this work we developed a new synthetic strategy towards the solomonamides. a novel class of cyclopeptides of marine origin. The described synthetic approach utilized an olefin metathesis reaction to form the [15]-membered ring contained in these natural products. During the synthetic process, a diverse set of analogues was generated and we evaluated their potential antitumor activity in vitro. For this purpose we performed in vitro proliferation assays, determining the IC50 values of the compounds in a panel of tumor cell lines. In addition, we evaluated the possible antiangiogenic effects of these solomonamide analogues by using in vitro endothelial cell differentiation assays. Our results showed that the potential antitumor and antiangiogenic activity of the studied analogues depended on their chemical structure, suggesting that the presence of specific functional groups could be responsible of their biological activity. Further studies are needed to understand the basis of the observed activities in endothelial and tumor cells.Our experimental work is supported by grants BIO2014-56092-R (MINECO and FEDER) and P12-CTS-1507 (Andalusian Government and FEDER) and funds from group BIO-267 (Andalusian Government). The "CIBER de Enfermedades Raras" is an initiative from the ISCIII (Spain). This communicaction has the support of a travel grant "Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech