Una solución no invasiva y en tiempo real para la detección de la exposición a virus respiratorios altamente contagiosos

This document explains the creation of VAir, a non-invasive reusable wireless device to sense Influenza A in the air. The ambitious aim is to develop a reliable sensor that would be easy to operate and allow rapid detection of even asymptomatic conditions.In nowaday medical diagnostics, virus recognition is performed in laboratories using conventional methods, namely polymerized chain reaction (PCR) amplification and enzyme-linked immunoassays. Being extremely sensitive and selective, these methods are common to employ multiple detection layers for several analytes, which is not quick enough to prevent the spread of the virus both within and between individuals.VAir would detect the viral target via a specific interaction with the nanobodies. The quantification is performed automatically. When integrated in IoT-frameworks, it turns into a source of continuous health data, providing valuable information on the exposure to contagious hazards and contact tracing. The growing prevalence of infectious diseases is increasing the demand for such point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics. The crucial need in remote monitoring and connected healthcare solutions is expected to push the demand for portable devices, boosting the sales of biosensors across both PoC and home diagnostic applications.<br /

When meaning is not enough: Distributional and semantic cues to word categorization in child directed speech

One of the most important tasks in first language development is assigning words to their grammatical category. The Semantic Bootstrapping Hypothesis postulates that, in order to accomplish this task, chil dren are guided by a neat correspondence between semantic and grammatical categories, since nouns typically refer to objects and verbs to actions. It is this correspondence that guides children's initial word categorization. Other approaches, on the other hand, suggest that children might make use of distributional cues and word contexts to accomplish the word categorization task. According to such approaches, the Semantic Bootstrapping assumption offers an important limitation, as it might not be true that all the nouns that children hear refer to specific objects or people. In order to explore that, we carried out two studies based on analyses of children's linguistic input. We analyzed child-directed speech addressed to four children under the age of 2;6, taken from the CHILDES database. The corpora were selected from the Manchester corpus. The corpora from the four selected children contained a total of 10,681 word types and 364,196 word tokens. In our first study, discriminant analyses were performed using semantic cues alone. The results show that many of the nouns found in parents' speech do not relate to specific objects and that semantic information alone might not be sufficient for successful word categorization. Given that there must be an additional source of information which, alongside with semantics, might assist young learners in word categorization, our second study explores the availability of both distributional and semantic cues in child-directed speech. Our results confirm that this combination might yield better results for word categorization. These results are in line with theories that suggest the need for an integration of multiple cues from different sources in language development

Cómo fomentar la empatía histórica a través del arte dramático en los alumnos de educación secundaria y bachillerato

El presente trabajo propone una serie de experiencias que tienen como objetivo potenciar la empatía histórica a través del arte dramático en la educación secundaria y bachillerato. Es importante que los docentes sepan gestionar los conocimientos que aprenden los alumnos de geografía e historia mediante el uso de distintas metodologías. Entre ellas, el teatro permite a los estudiantes comprender la historia de una forma distinta, los acerca a personajes y situaciones particulares, generando una empatía histórica que les permite comprender más fácilmente la economía, religión o cultura de una sociedad enmarcada en un contexto histórico concreto. El arte dramático se convierte en una herramienta pedagógica que profundiza en el aprendizaje del estudiante, fomenta habilidades comunicativas, creativas y artísticas, y genera una motivación en el aula hacia las ciencias sociales. <br /

PCIG: a web-based application to explore immune–genomics interactions across cancer types

Cancer; Application; Genomic alterationsCáncer; Aplicación; Alteraciones genómicasCàncer; Aplicació; Alteracions genòmiquesMotivation Genomic alterations can modulate the tumor immunophenotype depending on their nature and tissue of origin. Although this immune–genomic interaction may shape disease progression and response to immunotherapy, the factors governing such dynamics and the influence of each tissue-specific context remain poorly understood. Results Here, we have developed the PanCancer ImmunoGenomics (PCIG) tool, a web-based resource that provides researchers with the opportunity to mine immunome–genome relationships across several cancer types using data from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole-Genomes (PCAWG) study, which comprises >2,600 samples spanning across 20 different cancer primary sites. PCIG yields an integrative analysis of the crosstalk between somatic genomic alterations and different immune features, thus helping to understand immune response-related processes.This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [CPII18/00026, PI17/01304], the CIBEREHD and CIBERNED programs from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, Generalitat de Catalunya [2017 SGR 1035], and Fundación Científica de la Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer [GCB13131592CAST]. S.L. obtained a PFIS grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [FI18/00221]. R.E.F. is supported by a doctoral training grant from MICINN/MINECO [BES-2017-081286] and a mobility grant from Fundació Universitària Agustí Pedro i Pons. This article is based upon work from COST Action [CA17118] and supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology)

"The library at night". Biblioteca pública en el barrio de San Pablo. Zaragoza

El objetivo de este trabajo es proyectar una dotación pública en un entorno urbano degradado situado en el casco histórico de Zaragoza. Se propone levantar una biblioteca de barrio que funcione como un punto de encuentro para la heterogénea población que habita en el barrio de San Pablo. La ubicación escogida son dos parcelas enfrentadas de la calle de Las Armas que están desocupadas, y que por su estratégica posición tienen un reseñable potencial para colaborar en el objetivo de revitalizar el barrio. Así el proyecto de la Biblioteca pública surge de la idea de unir ambas parcelas y dar un nuevo telón de fondo al espacio urbano generado. Deforma que se pierda la sensación de vacío que rige a ambas parcelas y se entienda este nuevo espacio como una continuación del espacio urbano de la plaza de las Armas.Para que la intervención gane fuerza en este contexto tan masivo y consolidado, la biblioteca cuenta con una doble piel de vidrio. Ésta resalta sobre las construcciones tradicionales, pero intensifica la sensación de luz y espacialidad que necesita el casco antiguo. El edificio no niega la arquitectura del lugar, sino que la mira a través de los huecos y la refleja en su propia fachada otorgándole valor y luz.Se trata de redactar los documentos propios de un proyecto de ejecución que sea homologable con un trabajo profesional de calidad arquitectónica. <br /

Centro deportivo de alta montaña y esquí en Candanchú

El proyecto a realizar consiste en crear una residencia y centro deportivo en Candanchú para acoger deportistas y personas centradas en los deportes de invierno y de alta montaña. En su implantación se pretende no competir con las edificaciones existentes y poner en valor el paisaje relacionándose con su entorno.<br /

Copy-number intratumor heterogeneity increases the risk of relapse in chemotherapy-naive stage colon cancer

Optimal selection of high-risk patients with stage II colon cancer is crucial to ensure clinical benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy. Here, we investigated the prognostic value of genomic intratumor heterogeneity and aneuploidy for disease recurrence. We combined targeted sequencing, SNP arrays, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry on a retrospective cohort of 84 untreated stage II colon cancer patients. We assessed the clonality of copy-number alterations (CNAs) and mutations, CD8 + lymphocyte infiltration, and their association with time to recurrence. Prognostic factors were included in machine learning analysis to evaluate their ability to predict individual relapse risk. Tumors from recurrent patients displayed a greater proportion of CNAs compared with non-recurrent (mean 31.3% versus 23%, respectively; p = 0.014). Furthermore, patients with elevated tumor CNA load exhibited a higher risk of recurrence compared with those with low levels [ p = 0.038; hazard ratio (HR) 2.46], which was confirmed in an independent cohort (p = 0.004; HR 3.82). Candidate chromosome-specific aberrations frequently observed in recurrent cases included gain of the chromosome arm 13q (p = 0.02; HR 2.67) and loss of heterozygosity at 17q22-q24.3 (p = 0.05; HR 2.69). CNA load positively correlated with intratumor heterogeneity (R = 0.52; p < 0.0001). Consistently, incremental subclonal CNAs were associated with an elevated risk of relapse (p = 0.028; HR 2.20), which we did not observe for subclonal single-nucleotide variants and small insertions and deletions. The clinico-genomic model rated an area under the curve of 0.83, achieving a 10% incremental gain compared with clinicopathological markers (p = 0.047). In conclusion, tumor aneuploidy and copy-number intratumor heterogeneity were predictive of poor outcome and improved discriminative performance in early-stage colon cancer. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland

Cytology Smears : An Enhanced Alternative Method for Colorectal Cancer pN Stage-A Multicentre Study

Recurrence of stage II (pT3-T4 pN0) colorectal cancer (CRC) occurs in about 15% of patients and it is often due to undetected lymph node (LN) metastases with conventional pathology haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) LN analysis. Despite more sensitive molecular methods of LN staging having proved to have prognostic value in stage II CRC, we aimed at determining whether the pN stage could be better assessed with LN cytology smears. We analysed 3936 LNs from 217 CRC surgical resections, using three methods, H&E, cytology smears, and the One Step Nucleic Acid Amplification (OSNA) molecular assay. We compared the pN stages obtained from both H&E and cytology, as well as with the OSNA results. We concluded that LN analysis with cytology smears not only enables performing the pN stage, but detects more LN metastases than H&E, with a similar detection rate to molecular methods. Cytology LN analysis would allow a better patient therapeutic management. Stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence remains a clinical problem. Some of these patients are true stage III CRC with a pN0 pathology stage. This large prospective multicentre cohort study aimed at evaluating the diagnostic ability of lymph node (LN) cytology smears to perform the pN stage and compare it with the conventional haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) pathology pN stage. Additionally, we used the One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification (OSNA), a high-sensitive molecular method of LN staging. A total of 3936 fresh LNs from 217 CRC surgical specimens were examined by three methods, H&E, LN cytology smears, and OSNA. H&E detected 29% of patients with positive LNs, cytology smears 35%, and OSNA 33.2% (p < 0.0001). H&E and cytology concordantly classified 92.2% of tumours, and 88.5% between OSNA and H&E. Cytology had 96.8% sensitivity and 90.3% specificity to discriminate positive/negative patients compared to H&E (p = 0.004), and 87.3% sensitivity and 89% specificity when compared to OSNA (p = 0.56). Patients with positive LNs detected by any of the three methods had significantly worse disease-free and overall survival. We conclude that pN stage accuracy for detecting positive LNs is superior with LN cytological smears than with conventional H&E, which would enable a better pN stage and management of early-stage CRC patients

Cytology Smears: An enhanced alternative method for colorectal cancer pN Stage-A multicentre study

Stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence remains a clinical problem. Some of these patients are true stage III CRC with a pN0 pathology stage. This large prospective multicentre cohort study aimed at evaluating the diagnostic ability of lymph node (LN) cytology smears to perform the pN stage and compare it with the conventional haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) pathology pN stage. Additionally, we used the One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification (OSNA), a high-sensitive molecular method of LN staging. A total of 3936 fresh LNs from 217 CRC surgical specimens were examined by three methods, H&E, LN cytology smears, and OSNA. H&E detected 29% of patients with positive LNs, cytology smears 35%, and OSNA 33.2% (p < 0.0001). H&E and cytology concordantly classified 92.2% of tumours, and 88.5% between OSNA and HΕ Cytology had 96.8% sensitivity and 90.3% specificity to discriminate positive/negative patients compared to H&E (p = 0.004), and 87.3% sensitivity and 89% specificity when compared to OSNA (p = 0.56). Patients with positive LNs detected by any of the three methods had significantly worse disease-free and overall survival. We conclude that pN stage accuracy for detecting positive LNs is superior with LN cytological smears than with conventional H&E, which would enable a better pN stage and management of early-stage CRC patients.This research was funded by Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria grant number PI17/01304, PI20/00863, awarded to MC and JC. We acknowledge the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (Generalitat de Catalunya, GRC 2017SGR653,). This article is based upon work from COST Action CA17118, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). www.cost.eu. SL holds a PFIS grand from Instituto de Salud Carlos iii and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (FI18/00221)