Empirical model for rapid macroseismic intensities prediction in Guadeloupe and Martinique Modèle empirique pour la prédiction rapide des intensités macrosismiques en Guadeloupe et Martinique

International audienceWe describe a simple model for prediction of macroseismic intensities adapted to Guadeloupe and Martinique (Lesser Antilles), based on a combination of peak ground acceleration (PGA) predictive equation and a forward relation between acceleration and intensity. The PGA predictive equation is built from a 3-parameter functional form constrained by measurements from permanent accelerometer stations, mostly associated with Les Saintes crustal earthquake (21/11/2004, Mw = 6:3) and its many aftershocks. The forward intensity model is checked on a database of recent instrumental events of various origins with magnitudes 1.6 to 7.4, distances from 4 to 300 km, and observed intensities from I to VIII. Global sigma residual equals 0.8 in the MSK scale, suggesting a larger applicability range than the intermediate PGA predictive equation. The model is presently used by the French Lesser Antilles observatories to produce automatic reports for earthquakes potentially felt

Human mesenchymal stromal cell-secreted lactate induces M2-macrophage differentiation by metabolic reprogramming

Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been shown to dampen immune response and promote tissue repair, but the underlying mechanisms are still under investigation. Herein, we demonstrate that umbilical cord-derived MSC (UC-MSC) alter the phenotype and function of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) through lactate-mediated metabolic reprogramming. UC-MSC can secrete large quantities of lactate and, when present during monocyte-to-DC differentiation, induce instead the acquisition of M2-macrophage features in terms of morphology, surface markers, migratory properties and antigen presentation capacity. Microarray expression profiling indicates that UC-MSC modify the expression of metabolic-related genes and induce a M2-macrophage expression signature. Importantly, monocyte-derived DC obtained in presence of UC-MSC, polarize naïve allogeneic CD4+ T-cells into Th2 cells. Treatment of UC-MSC with an inhibitor of lactate dehydrogenase strongly decreases lactate concentration in culture supernatant and abrogates the effect on monocyte-to- DC differentiation. Metabolic analysis further revealed that UC-MSC decrease oxidative phosphorylation in differentiating monocytes while strongly increasing the spare respiratory capacity proportional to the amount of secreted lactate. Because both MSC and monocytes are recruited in vivo at the site of tissue damage and inflammation, we propose the local increase of lactate concentration induced by UC-MSC and the consequent enrichment in M2-macrophage generation as a mechanism to achieve immunomodulation

Fluoride-responsive debond on demand adhesives: manipulating polymercrystallinity and hydrogen bonding to optimise adhesion strength at lowbonding temperatures

This paper reports the solvent-free synthesis of a series of sixfluoride responsive debond-on-demand poly-urethane (PU) adhesives that contain a silyl functionalised degradable unit (DU). To optimise the adhesionstrength and debonding nature of the adhesives, the chemical composition of the PUs was varied according tothe structure of the polyol or the diisocyanate component in the polymer mainchain.1H NMR spectroscopy wasused to study the depolymerisation behaviour in solution state. It showed thattetra-butylammoniumfluoride(TBAF) triggered the breakdown of the DU unit without fragmenting the polyol mainchain indiscriminately. Onexposure tofluoride ions, the PUs underwent depolymerisation with reductions in Mnranging from 64 to 90% asmeasured by GPC analysis. The morphology and thermal properties of the PUs were characterised by differentialscanning calorimetry (DSC), rheology and variable temperature (VT) SAXS/WAXS analysis. Each techniquedemonstrated the reversibility of the supramolecular polymer network under thermal stimuli. PUs containingpoly(butadiene) soft segments were amorphous with glass transition and viscoelastic transition temperaturesdependent on the nature of the soft segment and diisocyanate starting materials. The PU containing a polyestersoft segment exhibited a defined melting point at 49 °C. Mechanical stress-strain analysis of the series of PUsshowed each exhibited greater than 70% reduction in toughness after treatment with TBAF for 30 min as aconsequence of the chemo-responsive degradation of the polymer mainchain. The material featuring an ester-based polyol demonstrated excellent adhesion at bonding temperatures as low as 60 °C. Moreover, this materialcould be thermally rebonded if broken by force without loss in adhesion strength over three debond-rebondcycles. Lap shear adhesion tests showed a reduction in adhesive strength of approximately 40% (from 11.4 MPato 7.3 MPa) on exposure tofluoride ion

Initial results from a hydroacoustic network to monitor submarine lava flows near Mayotte Island

In 2019, a new underwater volcano was discovered at 3500 m below sea level (b.s.l.), 50 km east of Mayotte Island in the northern part of the Mozambique Channel. In January 2021, the submarine eruption was still going on and the volcanic activity, along with the intense seismicity that accompanies this crisis, was monitored by the recently created REVOSIMA (MAyotte VOlcano and Seismic Monitoring) network. In this framework, four hydrophones were moored in the SOFAR channel in October 2020. Surrounding the volcano, they monitor sounds generated by the volcanic activity and the lava flows. The first year of hydroacoustic data evidenced many earthquakes, underwater landslides, large marine mammal calls, along with anthropogenic noise. Of particular interest are impulsive signals that we relate to steam bursts during lava flow emplacement. A preliminary analysis of these impulsive signals (ten days in a year, and only one day in full detail) reveals that lava emplacement was active when our monitoring started, but faded out during the first year of the experiment. A systematic and robust detection of these specific signals would hence contribute to monitor active submarine eruptions in the absence of seafloor deep-tow imaging or swath-bathymetry surveys of the active area

Constraining the rp-process by measuring 23

The 23Al(p, γ)24Si stellar reaction rate has a significant impact on the light-curve emitted in X-ray bursts. Theoretical calculations show that the reaction rate is mainly determined by the properties of direct capture as well as low-lying 2+ states and a possible 4+ state in 24Si. Currently, there is little experimental information on the properties of these states. In this proceeding we will present a new experimental study to investigate this reaction, using the surrogate reaction 23Al(d,n) at 47 AMeV at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL). We will discuss our new experimental setup which allows us to use full kinematics employing the Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking In-beam Nuclear Array (GRETINA) to detect the γ-rays following the de-excitation of excited states of the reaction products and the Low Energy Neutron Detector Array (LENDA) to detect the recoiling neutrons. The S800 was used for identification of the 24Si recoils. As a proof of principle to show the feasibility of this concept the Q-value spectrum of 22Mg(d,n)23Al is reconstructed

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Hydrophone SOFAR avec messagers

Dans le cadre de l’intégration aux dispositions européens EPOS, Résif s'est transformé en octobre 2023 en Epos-France, une nouvelle infrastructure de recherche aux contours thématiques plus larges et en accord avec ceux de sa grande sœur européenne.The Mobile Marine Seismology Specific Action of the Résif-Epos research infrastructure was created in 2022 in the context of the Marmor project, an 8-year project that will provide Résif-Epos with the necessary equipment to conduct excellent research using the tools of underwater seismology and geodesy. The marine mobile seismology instrumental park is distributed between three poles : Paris (IPGP/INSU), Nice (Géoazur/OCA/IRD) and Brest (Geo-Ocean/UBO/IFREMER). The picture shows a SOFAR hydrophone on a new generation mooring (with messengers), implemented by the Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) and prototype HYDROBS of the company OSEAN. Résif is a national research infrastructure dedicated to the observation and understanding of the structure and dynamics of the Inner Earth. Résif is based on high-tech observation networks, composed of seismological, geodetic and gravimetric instruments deployed in a dense manner throughout France. These data make it possible to study with high spatial and temporal resolution the deformation of the ground, surface and deep structures, seismicity on a local and global scale and natural hazards, and more particularly seismic hazards, on French territory. Résif is integrated into European (EPOS - European Plate Observing System) and global systems of instruments for imaging the Earth's interior as a whole and studying many natural phenomena.L’action Spécifique Sismologie Mobile Marine de l'infrastructure de recherche Résif-Epos a été créée en 2022 dans le contexte du projet Marmor, un projet sur 8 ans qui fournira à Résif-Epos les équipements nécessaires pour conduire des recherches d’excellence utilisant les outils de la sismologie et de la géodésie sous-marines. Le parc instrumental de sismologie mobile marine est réparti entre trois pôles : Paris (IPGP/INSU), Nice (Géoazur/OCA/IRD) et Brest (Geo-Ocean/UBO/IFREMER). La photo montre un hydrophone SOFAR sur mouillage de nouvelle génération (avec messagers), mis en oeuvre par l'Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) et prototype HYDROBS de la société OSEAN. Résif est une infrastructure de recherche nationale dédiée à l’observation et la compréhension de la structure et de la dynamique Terre interne. Résif se base sur des réseaux d’observation de haut niveau technologique, composés d’instruments sismologiques, géodésiques et gravimétriques déployés de manière dense sur tout le territoire français. Les données recueillies permettent d’étudier avec une haute résolution spatio-temporelle la déformation du sol, les structures superficielles et profondes, la sismicité à l’échelle locale et globale et les aléas naturels, et plus particulièrement sismiques, sur le territoire français. Résif s’intègre aux dispositifs européens (EPOS - European Plate Observing System) et mondiaux d’instruments permettant d’imager l’intérieur de la Terre dans sa globalité et d’étudier de nombreux phénomènes naturels

Hydrophone SOFAR avec messagers

The Mobile Marine Seismology Specific Action of the Résif-Epos research infrastructure was created in 2022 in the context of the Marmor project, an 8-year project that will provide Résif-Epos with the necessary equipment to conduct excellent research using the tools of underwater seismology and geodesy. The marine mobile seismology instrumental park is distributed between three poles : Paris (IPGP/INSU), Nice (Géoazur/OCA/IRD) and Brest (Geo-Ocean/UBO/IFREMER). The picture shows a SOFAR hydrophone on a new generation mooring (with messengers), implemented by the Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) and prototype HYDROBS of the company OSEAN. Résif is a national research infrastructure dedicated to the observation and understanding of the structure and dynamics of the Inner Earth. Résif is based on high-tech observation networks, composed of seismological, geodetic and gravimetric instruments deployed in a dense manner throughout France. These data make it possible to study with high spatial and temporal resolution the deformation of the ground, surface and deep structures, seismicity on a local and global scale and natural hazards, and more particularly seismic hazards, on French territory. Résif is integrated into European (EPOS - European Plate Observing System) and global systems of instruments for imaging the Earth's interior as a whole and studying many natural phenomena.L’action Spécifique Sismologie Mobile Marine de l'infrastructure de recherche Résif-Epos a été créée en 2022 dans le contexte du projet Marmor, un projet sur 8 ans qui fournira à Résif-Epos les équipements nécessaires pour conduire des recherches d’excellence utilisant les outils de la sismologie et de la géodésie sous-marines. Le parc instrumental de sismologie mobile marine est réparti entre trois pôles : Paris (IPGP/INSU), Nice (Géoazur/OCA/IRD) et Brest (Geo-Ocean/UBO/IFREMER). La photo montre un hydrophone SOFAR sur mouillage de nouvelle génération (avec messagers), mis en oeuvre par l'Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) et prototype HYDROBS de la société OSEAN. Résif est une infrastructure de recherche nationale dédiée à l’observation et la compréhension de la structure et de la dynamique Terre interne. Résif se base sur des réseaux d’observation de haut niveau technologique, composés d’instruments sismologiques, géodésiques et gravimétriques déployés de manière dense sur tout le territoire français. Les données recueillies permettent d’étudier avec une haute résolution spatio-temporelle la déformation du sol, les structures superficielles et profondes, la sismicité à l’échelle locale et globale et les aléas naturels, et plus particulièrement sismiques, sur le territoire français. Résif s’intègre aux dispositifs européens (EPOS - European Plate Observing System) et mondiaux d’instruments permettant d’imager l’intérieur de la Terre dans sa globalité et d’étudier de nombreux phénomènes naturels

Deux micrOBS en test à côté de la station sismologique UBBR du RAP dans les locaux de l’IUEM à Plouzané (Finistère)

Dans le cadre de l’intégration aux dispositions européens EPOS, Résif s'est transformé en octobre 2023 en Epos-France, une nouvelle infrastructure de recherche aux contours thématiques plus larges et en accord avec ceux de sa grande sœur européenne.The Mobile Marine Seismology (MMS) component of the specific marine action of the Résif-Epos research infrastructure is being set up. It will manage the new national park of community instrumentation. Its objective is to allow the collection of seismological data in the marine environment. This park brings together three major marine seismology centers : Paris (IPGP/INSU), Nice (Géoazur/OCA/IRD) and Brest (Geo-Ocean/UBO/IFREMER). The picture shows two micrOBS, one equipped with a classical 4.5 HZ geophone and the other with a MEMs sensor, being tested next to the seismological station UBBR of the Permanent Acceleration Network (RAP) in the IUEM building in Plouzané (Finistère). The objective of this test is to compare the frequency content of environmental noise recordings, but also the dynamics of the sensors during earthquakes. Résif is a national research infrastructure dedicated to the observation and understanding of the structure and dynamics of the Inner Earth. Résif is based on high-tech observation networks, composed of seismological, geodetic and gravimetric instruments deployed in a dense manner throughout France. These data make it possible to study with high spatial and temporal resolution the deformation of the ground, surface and deep structures, seismicity on a local and global scale and natural hazards, and more particularly seismic hazards, on French territory. Résif is integrated into European (EPOS - European Plate Observing System) and global systems of instruments for imaging the Earth's interior as a whole and studying many natural phenomena.Le volet Sismologie Marine Mobile (SMM) de l’action spécifique marine de l'infrastructure de recherche Résif-Epos met en place. Il va gérer le nouveau parc national d’instrumentation communautaire. Son objectif est de permettre la collecte de données sismologiques en milieu marin. Ce parc rassemble trois grands pôles de sismologie marine : Paris (IPGP/INSU), Nice (Géoazur/OCA/IRD) et Brest (Geo-Ocean/UBO/IFREMER). Sur la photo, on voit deux micrOBS, l’un équipé d’un géophone classique 4,5 HZ et l’autre comportant un capteur MEMs, en test à côté de la station sismologique UBBR du Réseau Accélérométrique Permanent (RAP) dans les locaux de l’IUEM à Plouzané (Finistère). L’objectif de ce test est de comparer le contenu fréquentiel des enregistrements de bruit environnemental, mais aussi la dynamique des capteurs lors de séismes. Résif est une infrastructure de recherche nationale dédiée à l’observation et la compréhension de la structure et de la dynamique Terre interne. Résif se base sur des réseaux d’observation de haut niveau technologique, composés d’instruments sismologiques, géodésiques et gravimétriques déployés de manière dense sur tout le territoire français. Les données recueillies permettent d’étudier avec une haute résolution spatio-temporelle la déformation du sol, les structures superficielles et profondes, la sismicité à l’échelle locale et globale et les aléas naturels, et plus particulièrement sismiques, sur le territoire français. Résif s’intègre aux dispositifs européens (EPOS - European Plate Observing System) et mondiaux d’instruments permettant d’imager l’intérieur de la Terre dans sa globalité et d’étudier de nombreux phénomènes naturels