Minority Stress and Mental Health among Transgender Persons

Transgender people, a minority population, are at increased risk for negative health and mental health consequences. Profound societal discrimination and stigmatization lead to systemic institutional barriers and lack of access to health care services. Research with lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations shows a strong association between minority stress and mental health; however, there is a gap in research for the transgender population. This study, based on theories of minority stress, positive psychology, the biopsychosocial model, and the transgender model, was conducted to clarify this relationship for the transgender population. Four research questions were proposed. A final sample of N = 29 transgender participants completed an online survey with 3 measures of minority stress (internalized transphobia, stigmatization, and prejudice events) and 5 measures of mental health (depression, suicide, anxiety, and substance abuse [drug and alcohol]). It was predicted that each minority stressor would have an independent effect upon each mental health variable, and when the effects of the stressors were combined, each would maintain an independent effect on mental health, so that their combined effect would be greater than their individual effects. Regression analyses indicated, as expected, participants with higher perceived stigma scores had higher suicidal ideation scores. Contrary to expectations, participants with higher internalized transphobia scores had lower scores on suicidal ideation. No other significant predictive relationships were found. The results of this study advocate for social change initiatives by presenting information on a poorly understood minority group for the purpose of promoting a positive effect for institutions, professionals, and transgender clients in the context of health care settings

Smart Gold Nanostructures for Light Mediated Cancer Theranostics: Combining Optical Diagnostics with Photothermal Therapy

This is the final version. Available from Wiley via the DOI in this record. Nanotheranostics, which combines optical multiplexed disease detection with therapeutic monitoring in a single modality, has the potential to propel the field of nanomedicine toward genuine personalized medicine. Currently employed mainstream modalities using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in diagnosis and treatment are limited by a lack of specificity and potential issues associated with systemic toxicity. Light-mediated nanotheranostics offers a relatively non-invasive alternative for cancer diagnosis and treatment by using AuNPs of specific shapes and sizes that absorb near infrared (NIR) light, inducing plasmon resonance for enhanced tumor detection and generating localized heat for tumor ablation. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in the field of nanotheranostics, however the main biological and translational barriers to nanotheranostics leading to a new paradigm in anti-cancer nanomedicine stem from the molecular complexities of cancer and an incomplete mechanistic understanding of utilization of Au-NPs in living systems. This work provides a comprehensive overview on the biological, physical and translational barriers facing the development of nanotheranostics. It will also summarise the recent advances in engineering specific AuNPs, their unique characteristics and, importantly, tunability to achieve the desired optical/photothermal properties.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC

Methodological issues in radiation dose–volume outcome analyses: Summary of a joint AAPM/NIH workshop

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135063/1/mp1473.pd

Multi-fiber distributed thermal profiling of minimally invasive thermal ablation with scattering-level multiplexing in MgO-doped fibers

[EN] We propose a setup for multiplexed distributed optical fiber sensors capable of resolving temperature distribution in thermo-therapies, with a spatial resolution of 2.5 mm over multiple fibers interrogated simultaneously. The setup is based on optical backscatter reflectometry (OBR) applied to optical fibers having backscattered power significantly larger than standard fibers (36.5 dB), obtained through MgO doping. The setup is based on a scattering-level multiplexing, which allows interrogating all the sensing fibers simultaneously, thanks to the fact that the backscattered power can be unambiguously associated to each fiber. The setup has been validated for the planar measurement of temperature profiles in ex vivo radiofrequency ablation, obtaining the measurement of temperature over a surface of 96 total points (4 fibers, 8 sensing points per cu). The spatial resolution obtained for the planar measurement allows extending distributed sensing to surface, or even three-dimensional, geometries performing temperature sensing in the tissue with millimeter resolution in multiple dimensions.The research has been supported by ORAU program at Nazarbayev University (grants LIFESTART 2017-2019 and FOSTHER2018-2020), by ANR project Nice-DREAM (grant ANR-14-CE07-0016-03), and by project DIMENSION TEC2017 88029-R funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. This work was partly supported by the SIRASI project - Sistema Robotico a supporto della Riabilitazione di Arto Superiore e Inferiore (Bando INTESE - CUP: F86D15000050002).Beisenova, A.; Issatayeva, A.; Sovetov, S.; Korganbayev, S.; Jelbuldina, M.; Ashikbayeva, Z.; Blanc, W.... (2019). Multi-fiber distributed thermal profiling of minimally invasive thermal ablation with scattering-level multiplexing in MgO-doped fibers. Biomedical Optics Express. 10(3):1282-1296. https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.10.001282S12821296103Goldberg, S. N., Gazelle, G. S., Compton, C. C., Mueller, P. R., & Tanabe, K. K. (2000). Treatment of intrahepatic malignancy with radiofrequency ablation. Cancer, 88(11), 2452-2463. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(20000601)88:113.0.co;2-3Padma, S., Martinie, J. B., & Iannitti, D. A. (2009). Liver tumor ablation: Percutaneous and open approaches. Journal of Surgical Oncology, 100(8), 619-634. doi:10.1002/jso.21364Sapareto, S. A., & Dewey, W. C. (1984). Thermal dose determination in cancer therapy. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 10(6), 787-800. doi:10.1016/0360-3016(84)90379-1Shaw, A., ter Haar, G., Haller, J., & Wilkens, V. (2015). Towards a dosimetric framework for therapeutic ultrasound. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 31(2), 182-192. doi:10.3109/02656736.2014.997311Lubner, M. G., Brace, C. L., Hinshaw, J. L., & Lee, F. T. (2010). Microwave Tumor Ablation: Mechanism of Action, Clinical Results, and Devices. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 21(8), S192-S203. doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2010.04.007Kennedy, J. E. (2005). High-intensity focused ultrasound in the treatment of solid tumours. Nature Reviews Cancer, 5(4), 321-327. doi:10.1038/nrc1591Yang, X. (2017). Science to Practice: Enhancing Photothermal Ablation of Colorectal Liver Metastases with Targeted Hybrid Nanoparticles. Radiology, 285(3), 699-701. doi:10.1148/radiol.2017170993Tosi, D., Schena, E., Molardi, C., & Korganbayev, S. (2018). Fiber optic sensors for sub-centimeter spatially resolved measurements: Review and biomedical applications. Optical Fiber Technology, 43, 6-19. doi:10.1016/j.yofte.2018.03.007Manns, F., Milne, P. J., Gonzalez-Cirre, X., Denham, D. B., Parel, J.-M., & Robinson, D. S. (1998). In Situ temperature measurements with thermocouple probes during laser interstitial thermotherapy (LITT): Quantification and correction of a measurement artifact. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 23(2), 94-103. doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9101(1998)23:23.0.co;2-qSaccomandi, P., Schena, E., & Silvestri, S. (2013). Techniques for temperature monitoring during laser-induced thermotherapy: An overview. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 29(7), 609-619. doi:10.3109/02656736.2013.832411Froggatt, M. (1996). Distributed measurement of the complex modulation of a photoinduced Bragg grating in an optical fiber. Applied Optics, 35(25), 5162. doi:10.1364/ao.35.005162Macchi, E. G., Tosi, D., Braschi, G., Gallati, M., Cigada, A., Busca, G., & Lewis, E. (2014). Optical fiber sensors-based temperature distribution measurement inex vivoradiofrequency ablation with submillimeter resolution. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 19(11), 117004. doi:10.1117/1.jbo.19.11.117004Palumbo, G., Iadicicco, A., Tosi, D., Verze, P., Carlomagno, N., Tammaro, V., … Campopiano, S. (2016). Temperature profile of ex-vivo organs during radio frequency thermal ablation by fiber Bragg gratings. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 21(11), 117003. doi:10.1117/1.jbo.21.11.117003Parent, F., Loranger, S., Mandal, K. K., Iezzi, V. L., Lapointe, J., Boisvert, J.-S., … Kashyap, R. (2017). Enhancement of accuracy in shape sensing of surgical needles using optical frequency domain reflectometry in optical fibers. Biomedical Optics Express, 8(4), 2210. doi:10.1364/boe.8.002210MacChesney, J. B., O’Connor, P. B., & Presby, H. M. (1974). A new technique for the preparation of low-loss and graded-index optical fibers. Proceedings of the IEEE, 62(9), 1280-1281. doi:10.1109/proc.1974.9608Blanc, W., Mauroy, V., Nguyen, L., Shivakiran Bhaktha, B. N., Sebbah, P., Pal, B. P., & Dussardier, B. (2011). Fabrication of Rare Earth-Doped Transparent Glass Ceramic Optical Fibers by Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 94(8), 2315-2318. doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04672.xBlanc, W., Guillermier, C., & Dussardier, B. (2012). Composition of nanoparticles in optical fibers by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. Optical Materials Express, 2(11), 1504. doi:10.1364/ome.2.001504Todd, N., Diakite, M., Payne, A., & Parker, D. L. (2013). In vivo evaluation of multi-echo hybrid PRF/T1 approach for temperature monitoring during breast MR-guided focused ultrasound surgery treatments. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 72(3), 793-799. doi:10.1002/mrm.2497

Photothermal therapy generates a thermal window of immunogenic cell death in neuroblastoma

Nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy (PTT) has been widely investigated in cancer therapy as a rapid and minimally invasive tumor ablation technique. Over the past two decades, several reports utilizing nanoparticles for PTT of diverse tumor types in vitro and in vivo have been described. An emerging area of interest is the effect of PTT on the immune system during tumor therapy, since PTT not only causes tumor cell death, but can also release tumor antigens and endogenous adjuvants (e.g. heat shock proteins, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)) under certain conditions. These effects have the potential to increase tumor immunogenicity, which can trigger improved therapeutic responses. Engaging the immune system during PTT is important as it offers the potential for persistent treatment responses and immunological memory. Here, we describe a thermal “window” of immunogenic cell death (ICD) elicited by nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy (PTT) in an animal model of neuroblastoma. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) treatment for uterine fibroids

Magnetic Resonance-guided focused Ultrasound Surgery (MRgFUS) is gaining popularity as an alternative to medical and surgical interventions in the management of symptomatic uterine fibroids. Studies have shown that it is an effective non-invasive treatment with minimal associated risks as compared to myomectomy and hysterectomy. MRgFUS can be offered to a majority of patients suffering from symptomatic uterine fibroids. It has been suggested that the use of broader inclusion criteria as well as the mitigation techniques makes it possible to offer MRgFUS to a much larger subset of patients than previously believed. This paper will describe how MRgFUS treatment for uterine fibroids is performed at the University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Bioheat Transfer and Thermal Heating for Tumor Treatment

[[abstract]]Hyperthermia (or thermal ablation) is a cancer treatment which uses thermal energy deposited to damage and kill cancer cells in human or living body, with minimal injury to normal tissues. The treatment involves several heat transfer modes and blood flow cooling in biological processes. The objective of this chapter is to introduce bio-heat transfer models and those processes during thermal heating for tumor treatment. Heat transfer modes and blood fluid flow are interrelated during thermal heating. Blood fluid flow in thermally significant blood vessels, blood perfusion rate and heat transfer modes (conduction and convection) will be presented. Some difficulties during heating for tumor treatments will also be addressed.[[cooperationtype]]國外[[booktype]]電子