On-chip quantum tomography of mechanical nano-scale oscillators with guided Rydberg atoms

Nano-mechanical oscillators as well as Rydberg-atomic waveguides hosted on micro-fabricated chip surfaces hold promise to become pillars of future quantum technologies. In a hybrid platform with both, we show that beams of Rydberg atoms in waveguides can quantum-coherently interrogate and manipulate nanomechanical elements, allowing full quantum state tomography. Central to the tomography are quantum non-demolition measurements using the Rydberg atoms as probes. Quantum coherent displacement of the oscillator is also made possible, by driving the atoms with external fields while they interact with the oscillator. We numerically demonstrate the feasibility of this fully integrated on-chip control and read-out suite for quantum nano-mechanics, taking into account noise and error sources.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl

Les métamorphoses pâlissantes dans les textes traduits : étude sur le jaune et le blond.

Ante la poca atención que reciben en la producción científica en español las “figuras de traducción” (existencia de una serie de fenómenos que se repiten, independientemente de los idiomas y traductores implicados), nuestro objetivo básico es describir el proceder de los traductores cuando verbalizan lo que ven, sienten, perciben y comprenden del mundo evocado en el texto que traducen. Intentamos así aportar un esclarecimiento del fenómeno de la comprensión lectora (las reducciones realizadas por los lectores) para asentar el sentido de los enunciados literarios, y al mismo tiempo de la actividad traductora. Para ello, el artículo plantea analizar el breve espacio que da cuenta de la aprensión e identificación de los colores en el discurso mediante la revisión de la traducción del color amarillo y el matiz rubio en un corpus de textos literarios franceses y españoles (552 ítems analizados) para intentar delimitar las situaciones en las que surgen las traducciones literales de este cromatismo, y las situaciones para las que los traductores proponen distintos tipos de alejamiento, aplicando su propio “filtro de color”. Permite observar estrategias recurrentes en las alteraciones de amarillo y rubio en los textos traducidos, manifestando mayoritariamente una intensificación del realismo -que tiende a adecuar los adjetivos seleccionados a la realidad habitualmente observada (atenuación del color amarillo en determinadas situaciones: naturaleza otoñal, tez, pelo, etc.)-, o bien una respuesta (casi) automática a prácticas de lectura codificadas -preferencia de dorado como equivalente de rubio en situaciones relacionadas con objetos o elementos de la naturaleza-. Nuestra conclusión básica es que la reorganización pictórica presente en las novelas analizadas tiende a acentuar los estereotipos y los modelos realistas, en detrimento de cierta singularidad cromática propuesta por los distintos autores. Consecuentemente los traductores pierden de vista el traslado a la escritura de la imaginación creadora en los textos originales, y en las traducciones privilegian la dimensión referencial del lenguaje en detrimento de su función poética, privilegian un texto más inmediatamente legible e inteligible, designando así un tipo de discurso lícito para la lectura eficaz de enunciados ficticios

Multi-Tone Microwave Locking via Real-Time Feedback

Environmental noise coupling to mechanical experiments often introduces low-frequency fluctuations to the resonators, adding noise to measurements and reducing signal to noise. To counter these fluctuations, we demonstrate a dynamic feedback system implemented by the locking of a microwave drive to the noisy cavity. A homodyne interferometer scheme monitors the cavity resonance fluctuations due to low-frequency noise, which is mitigated by frequency-modulating (FM) the microwave generator. The feedback has a bandwidth of $400$ Hz, with a reduction of cavity fluctuations by $84\%$ integrating up to a bandwidth of $2$ kHz. Moreover, the cavity resonance frequency fluctuations are reduced by $73\%$. This scheme can be scaled to enable multi-tone experiments locked to the same feedback signal. As a demonstration, we apply the feedback to an optomechanical experiment and implement a cavity-locked, multi-tone mechanical measurement. As low-frequency cavity frequency noise can be a limiting factor in many experiments, the multi-tone microwave locking technique presented here is expected to be relevant for a wide range of fields of research.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Multiscale characterisation of cortical bone tissue

Multiscale analysis has become an attractive technique to predict the behaviour of materials whose microstructure strongly changes spatially or among samples, with that microstructure controlling the local constitutive behaviour. This is the case, for example, of most biological tissues-such as bone. Multiscale approaches not only allow, not only to better characterise the local behaviour, but also to predict the field-variable distributions (e.g., strains, stresses) at both scales (macro and micro) simultaneously. However, multiscale analysis usually lacks sufficient experimental feedback to demonstrate its validity. In this paper an experimental and numerical micromechanics analysis is developed with application to cortical bone. Displacement and strain fields are obtained across the microstructure by means of digital image correlation (DIC). The other mechanical variables are computed following the micromechanics theory. Special emphasis is given to the differences found in the different field variables between the micro- and macro-structures, which points out the need for this multiscale approach in cortical bone tissue. The obtained results are used to establish the basis of a multiscale methodology with application to the analysis of bone tissue mechanics at different spatial scales

Reconocimiento geológico y métodos de estabilización de taludes rocosos en formaciones volcánicas del sur de Gran Canaria y Fuerteventura, Islas Canarias.

El relieve natural de las islas volcánicas montañosas tiene profundos barrancos taludes rocosos de pronunciadas pendientes y elevados acantilados costeros. Las formaciones geológicas de origen volcánico incluyen materiales rocosos y suelos muy heterogéneos en cuanto a su disposición espacial y comportamiento geomecánico. Además, en las zonas del sur de Gran Canaria y Fuerteventura, con frecuencia las construcciones civiles y de edificación muestran altos taludes practicados en el terreno y, como resultado en diversos puntos se ven afectados por desprendimientos de rocas y deslizamientos En el presente trabajo se muestran dos casos de estudio: 1) Estudio del riesgo de desprendimientos de rocas y métodos de estabilización aplicados en el talud de Los Teques, T.M. de Mogán, sur de Gran Canaria, y 2) Estudio geológico-geotécnico para el proyecto de construcción del paseo peatonal en el acantilado costero de Morro Jable T.M. de Pájara, sur de Fuerteventura. La variación espacial de las formaciones volcamcas, su grado de soldadura y alteración variables y la dificultad de establecer familias de fracturas características, han hecho que los métodos clásicos de clasificación geomecanica resultaran poco eficaces. En estos casos, el reconocimiento geológico detallado y una estimación del comportamiento geomecánico de los materiales ha sido el método empleado para definir y evaluar las zonas inestables en los taludes y para establecer los métodos de estabilización más convenientes

On-chip quantum tomography of mechanical nanoscale oscillators with guided Rydberg atoms

Nanomechanical oscillators as well as Rydberg-atomic waveguides hosted on microfabricated chip surfaces hold promise to become pillars of future quantum technologies. In a hybrid platform with both, we show that beams of Rydberg atoms in waveguides can quantum coherently interrogate and manipulate nanomechanical elements, allowing full quantum state tomography. Central to the tomography are quantum nondemolition measurements using the Rydberg atoms as probes. Quantum coherent displacement of the oscillator is also made possible by driving the atoms with external fields while they interact with the oscillator. We numerically demonstrate the feasibility of this fully integrated on-chip control and read-out suite for quantum nanomechanics, taking into account noise and error sources. © 2017 American Physical Society

Time-Dependent Collagen Fibered Structure in the Early Distraction Callus: Imaging Characterization and Mathematical Modeling

Collagen is a ubiquitous protein present in regenerating bone tissues that experiences multiple biological phenomena during distraction osteogenesis until the deposition of phosphate crystals. This work combines fluorescence techniques and mathematical modeling to shed light on the mechano-structural processes behind the maturation and accommodation-to-mineralization of the callus tissue. Ovine metatarsal bone calluses were analyzed through confocal images at different stages of the early distraction osteogenesis process, quantifying the fiber orientation distribution and mean intensity as fiber density measure. Likewise, a mathematical model based on the experimental data was defined to micromechanically characterize the apparent stiffening of the tissue within the distracted callus. A reorganization of the fibers around the distraction axis and increased fiber density were found as the bone fragments were gradually separated. Given the degree of significance between the mathematical model and previous in vivo data, reorganization, densification, and bundle maturation phenomena seem to explain the apparent mechanical maturation observed in the tissue theoretically.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness [Grant No. DPI2017-82501-P]; the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) [Grant No. PID2020-113790RB-I00/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033]; and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) with the Junta de Andalucı ´a [Grant No. US-1261691]

Variability of Arundo donax growth in dry-farming as a function of soil properties

Arundo donax L., commonly known as giant reed or arundo, is a perennial rhizomatous grass that has been studied since the decade of 1980 for bioenergy. In the Mediterranean region -characterised by dry and hot summers- arundo is usually grown with the support of irrigation. However, there is evidence that this plant species can tolerate dry-farming conditions once the crop is fully established. In this work the variation observed in plant growth of a 5-year-old arundo crop when the management changed from irrigated to dry-farming, is assessed. The hypothesis underlying this work was that punctual variations of soil properties might be responsible for the differences observed in plant growt