Teodorico Leite dos Santos: história e trajetória de um indígena resistente no Século XX no Paraná

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado ao Instituto Latino-Americano de Arte, Cultura e História da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Bacharel em História- América Latina. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Clovis Antonio BrighentiEste trabalho de conclusão de curso tem por objetivo analisar a trajetória pessoal e social de um indivíduo indígena desterrado no estado do Paraná. Metodologicamente faremos uma análise sobre seu processo de sobrevivência durante a colonização do Paraná no século XX associado às fontes teóricas da história social, história oral e fundamentalmente da História Indígena. Na região Oeste do Paraná no final do século XIX início do século XX, estava havendo vários processos de mudanças, a imigração, a colonização, a entrada de empresas no estado para extração da erva- mate e da madeira. O Senhor Teodorico Leite dos Santos foi um dos trabalhadores utilizado de mão de obra para a extração de erva mate. A partir de sua trajetória, analisaremos os processos de exploração da mão de obra indígena no Paraná para a extração de erva mate. No período analisado, o Oeste do Paraná foi um estado onde sua economia se baseava no extrativismo. Por fim, analisaremos o processo de identificação de seu Teodorico com as práticas indígenas, especialmente aquelas relacionadas ao manejo de plantas e benzimentos. De um sujeito considerado integrado pelo Estado, se sobrai um indivíduo que maneja os dois mundos, as duas cosmogonias e transita, com muita segurança nos saberes da ancestralidade. Podemos concluir que o projeto do Estado, de branqueamento e integração do indígena, fracassou.This conclusion paper aims to analyze the personal and social trajectory of an exiled indigenous individual in the state of Paraná. Methodologically we will make an analysis of its survival process during the colonization of Paraná in the twentieth century associated with the theoretical sources of social history, oral history and fundamentally of Indigenous History. In the western region of Paraná in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, there were several processes of change, immigration, colonization, the entry of companies in the state for the extraction of yerba mate and wood. Senhor Teodorico Leite dos Santos was one of the laborers used for the extraction of yerba mate. From its trajectory, we will analyze the processes of exploitation of indigenous labor in Paraná for the extraction of yerba mate. In the period analyzed, Paraná was a state where its economy was based on extractivism. Finally, we will analyze the process of identifying your Theodoric with indigenous practices, especially those related to plant management and blessing. From a subject considered to be integrated by the State, there remains an individual who manages both worlds, both cosmogonies and transits, very safely in the knowledge of ancestry. We can conclude that the state project of bleaching and integrating the indigenous failed.Este documento de conclusión tiene como objetivo analizar la trayectoria personal y social de un individuo indígena exiliado en el estado de Paraná. Metodológicamente haremos un análisis de su proceso de supervivencia durante la colonización de Paraná en el siglo XX asociado con las fuentes teóricas de la historia social, la historia oral y fundamentalmente de la historia indígena. En la región occidental de Paraná a fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX, hubo varios procesos de cambio, inmigración, colonización, la entrada de empresas en el estado para la extracción de yerba mate y madera. El señor Teodorico Leite dos Santos fue uno de los trabajadores utilizados para la extracción de la yerba mate. A partir de su trayectoria, analizaremos los procesos de explotación del trabajo indígena en Paraná para la extracción de yerba mate. En el período analizado, Paraná era un estado donde su economía se basaba en el extractivismo. Finalmente, analizaremos el proceso de identificación de su Teodorico con las prácticas indígenas, especialmente las relacionadas con el manejo y la bendición de las plantas. De un tema considerado como integrado por el Estado, queda un individuo que maneja ambos mundos, cosmogonías y tránsitos, de manera muy segura en el conocimiento de la ascendencia. Podemos concluir que el proyecto estatal de blanqueo e integración de los indígenas fracasó

Experiências brincantes de crianças de uma escola do campo: o que dizem?

O artigo problematiza a escuta e a participação de crianças em escolas do campo e tem como objeto de estudo as experiências brincantes de crianças dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola do campo. Recuperou-se dados da pesquisa de campo realizada com crianças da escola e entrevistas com professoras foram realizadas. A investigação norteou-se pelos Novos Estudos da Infância e da Criança e pela perspectiva da Educação do Campo. As experiências brincantes, muitas vezes desconsideradas em detrimento de conteúdos e propostas curriculares que não consideram os contextos das crianças, mostraram-se presentes com ato subversivo delas

Granulocytic sarcoma of the oral cavity in a chronic myeloid leukemia patient : an unusual presentation

Intraoral granulocytic sarcoma is an unusual manifestation of chronic or acute leukemia. The oral manifestations often involve enlargements of the gingival and mucosal tissue from direct leukemic cell infiltration. Only 38 cases have been reported in scientific literature to date. We present the case of a 47 year-old female who was diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in December 2006. She was referred to a dentist for further evaluation, revealing generalized gingival overgrowth as well as periodontal, apical disease, and bleeding of the gums. An oral biopsy was performed and histological features revealed immature blast-like cells

Periapical bone response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide is shifted upon cyclooxygenase blockage

Objectives: Infection, inflammation and bone resorption are closely related events in apical periodontitis development. Therefore, we sought to investigate the role of cyclooxygenase (COX) in osteoclastogenesis and bone metabolism signaling in periapical bone tissue after bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inoculation into root canals. Methodology: Seventy two C57BL/6 mice had the root canals of the first molars inoculated with a solution containing LPS from E. coli (1.0 mg/mL) and received selective (celecoxib) or non-selective (indomethacin) COX-2 inhibitor. After 7, 14, 21 and 28 days the animals were euthanized and the tissues removed for total RNA extraction. Evaluation of gene expression was performed by qRT-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post-tests (α=0.05). Results: LPS induced expression of mRNA for COX-2 (Ptgs2) and PGE2 receptors (Ptger1, Ptger3 and Ptger4), indicating that cyclooxygenase is involved in periapical response to LPS. A signaling that favours bone resorption was observed because Tnfsf11 (RANKL), Vegfa, Ctsk, Mmp9, Cd36, Icam, Vcam1, Nfkb1 and Sox9 were upregulated in response to LPS. Indomethacin and celecoxib differentially modulated expression of osteoclastogenic and other bone metabolism genes: celecoxib downregulated Igf1r, Ctsk, Mmp9, Cd36, Icam1, Nfkb1, Smad3, Sox9, Csf3, Vcam1 and Itga3 whereas indomethacin inhibited Tgfbr1, Igf1r, Ctsk, Mmp9, Sox9, Cd36 and Icam1. Conclusions: We demonstrated that gene expression for COX-2 and PGE2 receptors was upregulated after LPS inoculation into the root canals. Additionally, early administration of indomethacin and celecoxib (NSAIDs) inhibited osteoclastogenic signaling. The relevance of the cyclooxygenase pathway in apical periodontitis was shown by a wide modulation in the expression of genes involved in both bone catabolism and anabolism

An approach to promote social and communication behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders : robot based intervention

Most autistic people present some difficulties in developing social behavior, living in their own world. This study has the goal to improve the social life of children with autism with a main focus in promoting their social interaction and communication. It is necessary to call for children’s attention and enforce their collaboration, where a robot, LEGO MindStorm, behaves as a mediator/promoter of this interaction. A set of experiments designed to share objects and fulfill simple orders, by the 11 years old autistic child at the time of daily routine work and in-game with the robot, are described. The generalization of the acquired skills by the child in new contexts and environments are also tested. Results are described showing the outcomes of the experiments.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - R&D projecto RIPD/ADA/109407/200

Dataset from the Snakes (Serpentes, Reptiles) collection of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Pará, Brazil

We present a dataset with information from the snake collection of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, known as the "Ophidia Collection". This collection currently has 26,728 specimens of snakes, including 9 families, 66 genera and 220 species. For the most part, it represents material from the Amazon Region. Specimens are preserved mostly in wet (alcohol) preparation, with some samples preserved in dry form, as is the case of the shells and skeletons of turtles. The dataset is now available for public consultation on the Global Biodiversity Information Facility portal (https://doi.org/10.15468/lt0wet). The Herpetological collection of Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi comprises the largest collection of its kind in the Amazon region with about 100,000 specimens of amphibians and reptiles (chelonians, alligators, lizards, snakes and amphisbaenians). This collection currently has 26,728 specimens of snakes, including 9 families, 66 genera and 220 species, some of which are endemic to the Amazon rainforest region. The Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi is the second oldest institution of science in Brazil in activity, founded in 1866

Analyzes of the ICF Domain of Activity After a Neurological Early Mobility Protocol in a Public Hospital in Brazil

BackgroundEarly Mobility (EM) has been recognized as a feasible and safe intervention that improves functional outcomes in hospitalized patients. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) supports understanding of functioning and disability in multidimensional concepts and efforts have been taken to apply ICF in a hospital environment. EM protocols might be linked with the ICF component of activity and participation. The correlations between ICF, EM, and functional scales might help the multidisciplinary team to conduct the best rehabilitation program, according to patients' functional demands.ObjectivesThe primary outcome is to analyze the activity level of neurological inpatients on admission and delivery after a Neurological Early Mobility Protocol (NEMP) at intermediate care settings in a public hospital in Brazil using Activity Level categories, HPMQ, and MBI scores. The secondary outcome is to analyze the ICF performance qualifier, specifically in the activity domain, transposing HPMQ and MBI scores to the corresponding ICF performance qualifiers.DesignAn international prospective study.MethodsNEMP was used to promote patients' mobility during a hospital stay in neurological ward settings. First, patients were categorized according to their Activity Levels (ALs) to determine the NEMP phase to initiate the EM protocol. ALs also were evaluated in the first and last sessions of NEMP. Thereafter, the Hospitalized Patient Mobility Questionnaire (HPMQ) was applied to identify whether patients needed assistance during the performance of hospital activities as well as the Modified Barthel Index (MBI). Both measures were applied in NEMP admission and discharge, and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to compare data in these two time points. HPMQ and MBI scores were re-coded in the correspondent ICF performance qualifier.ResultsFifty-two patients were included with age of 55 ± 20 (mean ± SD) years and a length of hospital stay of 33 ± 21 days. Patients were classified along ALs categories at the admission/discharge as follows: AL 0 n = 6 (12%)/n = 5 (9%); AL 1 n = 12 (23%)/n = 6 (12%); AL 2 n = 13 (25%)/n = 8 (15%); AL 3 n = 10 (19%)/n = 13 (25%); AL 4 n = 11 (21%)/n = 20 (39%). HPMQ data revealed progressions for the activities of bathing (p < 0.001), feeding (p < 0.001), sitting at the edge of the bed (p < 0.001), sit to stand transition (p < 0.001), orthostatism (p < 0.001) and walking (p < 0.001). Transposing HPMQ activities into ICF performance qualifiers, improvements were shown in bathing (d510.3 to d510.1—severe problem to mild problem) and sitting at the edge of the bed (d4153.2 to d4153.1—moderate problem to mild problem). At MBI score were observed an average of 36 [IQR−35. (95% CI 31.5; 41.1)] on NEMP admission to 52 at discharge [IQR−50 (95% CI 43.2; 60.3)] (p < 0.001). Recoding MBI scores into ICF there were improvements from severe problem (3) to moderate problem (2).LimitationsThe delay in initiating NEMP compared to the period observed in the literature (24–72 h). The study was carried out at only one center.ConclusionsThis study suggests that neurological inpatients, in a public hospital in Brazil had low activity levels as could be seen by MBI and HPMQ scores and in the ICF performance qualifier. However, improvements in the evaluated measures and ICF activity domain were found after NEMP. The NEMP protocol has been initiated much longer than 72 h from hospital admission, a distinct window than seen in the literature. This enlargement period could be a new perspective for hospitals that are not able to apply mobility in the earliest 24–72 h

Involvement of Interleukin-10 in the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Sanyinjiao (SP6) Acupuncture in a Mouse Model of Peritonitis

In this study, we determined the anti-inflammatory effect of manual acupuncture at the Sanyinjiao or Spleen 6 (SP6) point on carrageenan-induced peritonitis in mice and investigated mechanisms that may underlie this effect. In the first set of experiments, male Swiss mice were allocated into five groups: the control (sterile saline), dexamethasone (DEXA), invasive sham-acupuncture (non-acupoint), SP6 acupuncture and carrageenan-treated groups. Ten minutes after needle retention or 30 min after DEXA treatment, mice received an intraperitoneal injection of carrageenan (750 μg/mouse). After 4 h, total leukocyte and differential cell counts (neutrophils and mononuclear), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, vascular permeability and cytokine levels were evaluated. In another set of experiments, adrenalectomized (ADX) mice were used to study the involvement of the adrenal gland on the therapeutic effects of acupuncture. Mice were allocated into two groups: the ADX and sham-operated animals (Sham ADX) that were subdivided into four subgroups each: the control (sterile saline), DEXA, SP6 acupuncture and carrageenan-treated groups. The SP6 and DEXA treatments inhibited the inflammatory cell infiltration, vascular permeability and MPO activity in carrageenan-injected mice. In addition, the SP6 treatment also increased interleukin (IL)-10 levels. In contrast, when the animals were adrenalectomized, the SP6 treatment failed to reduce total leukocyte and the plasma extravasation. In conclusion, this study clearly demonstrates the anti-inflammatory effect of SP6 acupuncture in a model of carrageenan-induced peritonitis. Our results demonstrated that SP6 acupuncture depends of the adrenal glands and increased IL-10 levels to produce its anti-inflammatory action

TAMANHO DA NINHADA DE Xenodon rabdocephalus (WIED-NEUWIED, 1824) (SQUAMATA: COLUBRIDAE) NO SUDOESTE DA AMAZÓNIA BRASILEIRA

This report adds information on the reproduction of Xenodon rabdocephalus (Wied-Neuwied, 1824) and describes the clutch size in a little-studied region of the Brazilian Amazon. We conducted field observations at the Military Jungle Police Base in the municipality of Porto Velho, state of Rondônia, southwestern Brazilian Amazon (9°5'31.56"S, 64°1'40.08"W). This individual of X. rabdocephalus was found to have a clutch of 11 eggs, with a size range of 26-36 mm (mean 29.36 ± 3.23 mm). The specimen analyzed in this report was deposited in the Coleção Herpetológica da Universidade Federal de Rondônia. We indicate the need for studies focused on the variation in the reproductive behaviour of the species in relation to seasonal fluctuation. Finally, reports of this kind help to understand the reproductive habits of X. rabdocephalus in nature.Keywords: false fer-de-lance; Eggs; Reproductive Behaviour; Natural history; Reproduction.Este relato acrescenta informação sobre a reprodução de Xenodon rabdocephalus (Wied-Neuwied, 1824) e descreve o tamanho da ninhada desta espécie numa região pouco estudada da Amazônia brasileira. Realizamos observações de campo na Base de Selva da Polícia Militar no município de Porto Velho, estado de Rondônia, sudoeste da Amazônia brasileira (9°5'31.56"S, 64°1'40.08"W). O indivíduo de X. rabdocephalus foi observado com uma ninhada de 11 ovos. O espécime analisado neste trabalho foi depositado na Coleção Herpetológica da Universidade Federal de Rondônia. Indicamos a necessidade de estudos centrados na variação do comportamento reprodutivo da espécie em relação à variação sazonal. Por fim, relatos deste tipo ajudam a compreender os hábitos reprodutivos da X. rabdocephalus na natureza.Palavras-chave: Jararaca Falsa, Ovos, Comportamento Reprodutivo, História natural, Reprodução