ACCEPTANCE OF AMAZON AND NON-AMAZONIC FRUITS BY SCORPION MUD TURTLE, KINOSTERNON SCORPIOIDES (LINNAEUS, 1766), IN CAPTIVITY

Chelonians have, historically, played an important role as a natural resource for human food in the Amazon region, among them the Kinosternon scorpioides species, the muçuã. This is a semi-aquatic freshwater chelonian that has an omnivorous feeding habit. Due to the lack of research on the feeding of this species in captivity, the present study aimed to evaluate the acceptance and preference of fruits by K. scorpioides and to describe their feeding behavior in captivity. The study was conducted between January and June 2017, at the Scientific Breeding Ground of the Bio-Fauna Project / ISARH-UFRA. 36 muçuãs were used, 18 in the fattening phase and 18 in the brooding phase, with an average initial weight of 438g (± 16.22g) and 84g (± 16.11g), respectively. The animals were housed in polyethylene boxes with 60% of the flooded area and 40% of the dry area, with three animals per box. In order to assess food preference, fresh fruits were used, classified as regional and non-regional Amazon. Each fruit was offered in a food/animal unit for 50 minutes. Monitoring of food preference was done with the help of video cameras. It was observed that the animals in the breeding phase were those that consumed a higher percentage of regional fruits (48.89%), when compared to the fattening phase that consumed 46.67% of the same fruits. Among the fruits offered, it was possible to observe a higher consumption of pupunha (Bactris gasipaes Kunth), melon (Cucumis melo L.) and mango (Mangifera indica L.) by both groups. The regional Amazonian fruits obtained great acceptance in which the pupunha was more prominent (88.89%) for the fattening phase, however the melon (63.19%) was the most consumed by the young.Os quelônios têm desempenhado, historicamente, um papel importante como recurso natural para alimentação humana na região Amazônica, entre eles destaca-se a espécie Kinosternon scorpioides, o muçuã. Este é um quelônio semi aquático de água doce que possui hábito alimentar onívoro. Devido à carência de pesquisas sobre alimentação dessa espécie em cativeiro o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a aceitação e preferência de frutas por K. scorpioides e descrever o comportamento alimentar do mesmo em cativeiro. O estudo foi conduzido entre janeiro e junho de 2017, no Criadouro Científico do Projeto Bio-Fauna/ISARH-UFRA. Foram utilizados 36 muçuãs, 18 na fase de engorda e 18 em fase de cria, com peso inicial médio de 438g (±16,22g) e 84g (±16,11g), respectivamente. Os animais foram alojados em caixas de polietileno com 60% da área alagada e 40% de área seca, com três animais por caixa. Para avaliação da preferência alimentar foram utilizadas frutas in natura, classificados em regionais e não regionais amazônicas. Cada fruta foi oferecida em unidade de alimento/animal, durante o tempo de 50 minutos. O monitoramento da preferência alimentar foi feito com o auxílio de câmeras filmadoras. Pôde-se observar que os animais na fase de cria foram os que consumiram uma porcentagem maior de frutas regionais (48,89%), quando comparados com a fase de engorda que consumiram 46,67% das mesmas frutas. Dentre as frutas ofertadas, foi possível observar um maior consumo de pupunha (Bactris gasipaes Kunth), melão (Cucumis melo L.) e manga (Mangifera indica L.) por ambos os grupos. As frutas regionais amazônicas obtiveram grande aceitação no qual a pupunha obteve maior destaque (88,89%) para a fase de engorda, contudo o melão (63,19%) foi o mais consumido pela cria

PERFIL SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO, BIOQUÍMICO E HEMATOLÓGICO DE IDOSOS RESIDENTES DO MUNICÍPIO DE IVOTI/RS

O envelhecimento populacional é um fenômeno mundial que vem ocorrendo de forma rápida nos países em desenvolvimento. Este trabalho buscou conhecer as características dos idosos residentes de Ivoti/RS no intuito de contribuir e retardar problemas de saúde pública relacionados ao envelhecimento da população. Através de um estudo quantitativo transversal com 160 idosos do munícipio de Ivoti/RS, foi realizado um questionário sócio demográfico e coleta de amostras biológicas para análise bioquímicas e hematológicas. Nos resultados, obtivemos uma maioria (73,8%) de mulheres participantes, casados (57,5%), aposentados (100%), com renda familiar de até dois salários mínimos (58,1%), com escolaridade até 4º série (42,5%) e bilíngue (68,8%). Ao analisar as variáveis bioquímicas e hematológicas por sexo, não se obteve diferença estatística e os valores estão dentro do preconizado pela literatura. Os resultados encontrados nesse estudo apontam para o envelhecimento bem-sucedido nos idosos residentes no município de Ivoti/RS.Palavras-chave: Idoso. Envelhecimento. Perfil Bioquímico. Perfil Hematológico. ABSTRACT Population aging is a fast-growing global phenomenon in developing countries. This work aimed to know the characteristics of elderly residentes of Ivoti/Rs, in order to contribute to and delay public health problems related to the aging of the population. A cross-sectional quantitative study with 160 elderly individuals from the municipality of Ivoti/Rs, carried out a sócio-demographic questionnaire and collection of biological samples for biochemical and hematological analysis. In the results, we obtained a majority (73,8%) of women, married (57,5%), redired (100%), with a Family income of up to two minimum wages (58,1%), series (42,5%) and bilingual (68,8%). When analyzing the biochemical and hematological variables by sex, no statistical difference was obtained and the values are within the recommended by the literature. The results found in this study point to the successful aging of the elderly in the monicipality of Ivoti/Rs. Keywords: Old man. Aging. Profile Biochemist. Profile Hematologic

PERFIL SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO, BIOQUÍMICO E HEMATOLÓGICO DE IDOSOS RESIDENTES DO MUNICÍPIO DE IVOTI/RS

O envelhecimento populacional é um fenômeno mundial que vem ocorrendo de forma rápida nos países em desenvolvimento. Este trabalho buscou conhecer as características dos idosos residentes de Ivoti/RS no intuito de contribuir e retardar problemas de saúde pública relacionados ao envelhecimento da população. Através de um estudo quantitativo transversal com 160 idosos do munícipio de Ivoti/RS, foi realizado um questionário sócio demográfico e coleta de amostras biológicas para análise bioquímicas e hematológicas. Nos resultados, obtivemos uma maioria (73,8%) de mulheres participantes, casados (57,5%), aposentados (100%), com renda familiar de até dois salários mínimos (58,1%), com escolaridade até 4º série (42,5%) e bilíngue (68,8%). Ao analisar as variáveis bioquímicas e hematológicas por sexo, não se obteve diferença estatística e os valores estão dentro do preconizado pela literatura. Os resultados encontrados nesse estudo apontam para o envelhecimento bem-sucedido nos idosos residentes no município de Ivoti/RS. Palavras-chave: Idoso. Envelhecimento. Perfil Bioquímico. Perfil Hematológico.   ABSTRACT Population aging is a fast-growing global phenomenon in developing countries. This work aimed to know the characteristics of elderly residentes of Ivoti/Rs, in order to contribute to and delay public health problems related to the aging of the population. A cross-sectional quantitative study with 160 elderly individuals from the municipality of Ivoti/Rs, carried out a sócio-demographic questionnaire and collection of biological samples for biochemical and hematological analysis. In the results, we obtained a majority (73,8%) of women, married (57,5%), redired (100%), with a Family income of up to two minimum wages (58,1%), series (42,5%) and bilingual (68,8%). When analyzing the biochemical and hematological variables by sex, no statistical difference was obtained and the values are within the recommended by the literature. The results found in this study point to the successful aging of the elderly in the monicipality of Ivoti/Rs. Keywords: Old man. Aging. Profile Biochemist. Profile Hematologic

CUIDADOS DA EQUIPE MULTIDISCIPLINAR AO RECÉM-NASCIDO COM ENTEROCOLITE NECROSANTE: SCOPING REVIEW

Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is considered the most prevalent disease that affects the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of newborns (NB), presenting significant morbidity and mortality rates. This pathology is defined as an ulcerative lesion of the intestinal wall whose main characteristic is inflammation and local ischemic necrosis. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze available studies in the literature about multidisciplinary care in the care of newborns with Necrotizing Enterocolitis. This is a scoping review, which used 07 articles from the last 10 years, available in the databases. VHL (Virtual Health Library), Lilacs (Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences), Medline (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and BDENF (Nursing Database) . It was found that encouraging breastfeeding, adequate administration of colostrum and supplements, installing a probe and the like are measures instituted by the team and are relevant to providing care. It is noted that multidisciplinary assistance in the care of newborns with Necrotizing Enterocolitis is essential, as it requires integrated care from different professionals to minimize injuries and reduce the length of hospital stay. Keywords: Newborn; Necrotizing Enterocolitis; Multidisciplinary Team.La enterocolitis necrotizante (ECN) es considerada la enfermedad más prevalente que afecta el tracto gastrointestinal (TGI) de los recién nacidos (RN), presentando importantes tasas de morbimortalidad. Esta patología se define como una lesión ulcerosa de la pared intestinal cuya principal característica es la inflamación y la necrosis isquémica local. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar los estudios disponibles en la literatura sobre la atención multidisciplinaria en la atención del recién nacido con Enterocolitis Necrosante. Se trata de una revisión de alcance, que utilizó 07 artículos de los últimos 10 años, disponibles en las bases de datos. BVS (Biblioteca Virtual en Salud), Lilacs (Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud), Medline (Sistema de Análisis y Recuperación de Literatura Médica en Línea), SciELO (Biblioteca Electrónica Científica en Línea) y BDENF (Base de Datos de Enfermería). Se constató que fomentar la lactancia materna, la administración adecuada de calostro y suplementos, instalar una sonda y similares, son medidas instituidas por el equipo y relevantes para la prestación de cuidados. Se destaca que la asistencia multidisciplinaria en el cuidado del recién nacido con Enterocolitis Necrosante es fundamental, ya que requiere atención integrada de diferentes profesionales para minimizar las lesiones y reducir la estancia hospitalaria. Palabras clave: Recién nacido; Enterocolitis necrotizante; Equipo multidisciplinario.A Enterocolite Necrosante (ECN) é considerada como a doença mais prevalente que acomete o trato gastrointestinal (TGI) de recém-nascidos (RN), apresentando valores significativos de morbidade e mortalidade. Essa patologia é definida como uma lesão ulcerativa da parede intestinal que apresenta como característica principal a inflamação e necrose isquêmica local. Destarte, o objetivo desse estudo é analisar  na literatura estudos disponíveis acerca da assistência multiprofissional no cuidado ao recém-nascido com Enterocolite Necrosante. Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, que utilizou 07 artigos dos últimos 10 anos, disponíveis nas bases de dados. BVS (Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde), Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), Medline (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) e BDENF (Base de Dados de Enfermagem). Foi constatado que o incentivo ao aleitamento materno, a administração adequada do colostro e dos suplementos, a instalação da sondagem e afins são medidas instituídas pela equipe e relevantes para a realização do cuidado. Nota-se que a assistência multiprofissional no cuidado ao recém-nascido com Enterocolite Necrosante é essencial, visto que o mesmo requer cuidados integrados dos diferentes profissionais para a minimização de agravos e diminuição do tempo de internação hospitalar.   Palavras-chave: Recém-nascido; Enterocolite Necrosante; Equipe Multidisciplinar

Genomic history of coastal societies from eastern South America

Sambaqui (shellmound) societies are among the most intriguing archaeological phenomena in pre-colonial South America, extending from approximately 8,000 to 1,000 years before present (yr bp) across 3,000 km on the Atlantic coast. However, little is known about their connection to early Holocene hunter-gatherers, how this may have contributed to different historical pathways and the processes through which late Holocene ceramists came to rule the coast shortly before European contact. To contribute to our understanding of the population history of indigenous societies on the eastern coast of South America, we produced genome-wide data from 34 ancient individuals as early as 10,000 yr bp from four different regions in Brazil. Early Holocene hunter-gatherers were found to lack shared genetic drift among themselves and with later populations from eastern South America, suggesting that they derived from a common radiation and did not contribute substantially to later coastal groups. Our analyses show genetic heterogeneity among contemporaneous Sambaqui groups from the southeastern and southern Brazilian coast, contrary to the similarity expressed in the archaeological record. The complex history of intercultural contact between inland horticulturists and coastal populations becomes genetically evident during the final horizon of Sambaqui societies, from around 2,200 yr bp, corroborating evidence of cultural change

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset

Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether eculizumab helps patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) achieve the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (MM), we assessed patients' status throughout REGAIN (Safety and Efficacy of Eculizumab in AChR+ Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis) and its open-label extension. METHODS: Patients who completed the REGAIN randomized controlled trial and continued into the open-label extension were included in this tertiary endpoint analysis. Patients were assessed for the MGFA post-intervention status of improved, unchanged, worse, MM, and pharmacologic remission at defined time points during REGAIN and through week 130 of the open-label study. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients completed REGAIN and continued into the open-label study (eculizumab/eculizumab: 56; placebo/eculizumab: 61). At week 26 of REGAIN, more eculizumab-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved a status of improved (60.7% vs 41.7%) or MM (25.0% vs 13.3%; common OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). After 130 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 88.0% of patients achieved improved status and 57.3% of patients achieved MM status. The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with its known profile and no new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSION: Eculizumab led to rapid and sustained achievement of MM in patients with AChR+ refractory gMG. These findings support the use of eculizumab in this previously difficult-to-treat patient population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: REGAIN, NCT01997229; REGAIN open-label extension, NCT02301624. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that, after 26 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 25.0% of adults with AChR+ refractory gMG achieved MM, compared with 13.3% who received placebo

Minimal Symptom Expression' in Patients With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody-Positive Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab

The efficacy and tolerability of eculizumab were assessed in REGAIN, a 26-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), and its open-label extension