Recently Acquired Toxoplasma gondii Infection, Brazil

Soil exposure, eating undercooked meat, and having children are risk factors for acute infection and high rate of eye disease

Transmission electron microscopy for characterization of acrosomal damage after Percoll gradient centrifugation of cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa

The objective of this study was to characterize acrosomal ultrastructure following discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation of cryopreserved bovine sperm. Semen was collected from six bulls of different breeds and three ejaculates per bull were evaluated. Frozen semen samples were thawed and the acrosomal region of sperm cells was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) before (n = 18) and after (n = 18) Percoll centrifugation. The evaluation of 20 sperm heads from each of the 36 samples analyzed ensured that a large number of cells were investigated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance at a level of significance of 5%. Percoll centrifugation reduced the percentage of sperm exhibiting normal acrosomes (from 61.77 to 30.24%), reduced the percentage of sperm presenting atypical acrosome reactions (from 28.38 to 4.84%) and increased the percentage of sperm exhibiting damage in the acrosome (from 6.14 to 64.26%). The percentage of sperm with typical acrosome reactions was not significantly different before (3.70%) and after (0.67%) centrifugation. TEM distinguished four different types of acrosomal status and enabled ultrastructural characterization of acrosomal injuries. The percentage of sperm exhibiting normal acrosomes decreased and damage in the acrosome was the most frequent acrosomal injury with the Percoll gradient centrifugation protocol utilized

PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED PAPERS USED FOR TUBE PRODUCTION

O presente trabalho objetivou estudar, atrav\ue9s de ensaios laboratoriais, as propriedades f\uedsicas e mec\ue2nicas de pap\ue9is reciclados utilizados para produ\ue7\ue3o de tubetes. Para tanto se utilizou seis tipos de pap\ue9is com gramatura m\ue9dia de 400 g/m2 e para os ensaios de laborat\uf3rio seguiu-se os procedimentos da Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry. Verificou-se diferen\ue7a significativa entre os pap\ue9is estudados quanto \ue0s caracter\uedsticas f\uedsicas e mec\ue2nicas, sendo que o papel Tipo A1 obteve, de modo geral, os melhores resultados, justificando seu alto pre\ue7o no mercado. O papel A3 foi o de maior densidade, dado relevante para ind\ufastria de tubetes, j\ue1 que estes s\ue3o geralmente comercializados por peso. Conclui-se que todos os pap\ue9is estudados s\ue3o indicados para produ\ue7\ue3o de tubetes, devendo ser utilizados de acordo com as exig\ueancias do cliente, visto que o pre\ue7o do papel \ue9 que determina, na maioria das vezes, o valor do tubete.The present study investigated, through laboratory testing, the physical and mechanical properties of recycled paper used to produce tubes. To do so, we used six types of paper with a weight average of 400 g / m2 and once the laboratory tests followed the procedures of the Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry. There was significant difference between the roles studied in terms of physical and mechanical characteristics, and the paper type A1 had, in general, the best results, justifying its high price in the market. The A3 has the highest density, the data relevant to industry tubes, since these are usually sold by weight. It is concluded that all of the studied papers are suitable for tube production, being used in accordance with the customer\u2019s demands, since the price of the paper is what determines, most of the time, the tube value