A formação do extensionista rural: desafios no ensino técnico profissional em Pernambuco

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2318179613022Esse artigo faz parte de uma pesquisa que objetivou analisar a formação técnico-profissionalizante de nível pós-médio em cursos técnicos ligados à Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (Ater) em Pernambuco. A partir de observações realizadas em campo, identificamos que em muitos casos, os extensionistas que realizam funções de Ater em Pernambuco, são oriundos de cursos técnicos oferecidos pelo Governo Federal. Através de entrevistas semiestruturas com estudantes e outros profissionais das instituições que fizeram parte desta pesquisa, encontramos no nível técnico-profissionalizante um descompasso semelhante ao verificado por Callou et al. (2008) – acerca da baixa integração entre o que é produzido na pós-graduação que não encontra respaldo no ensino de graduação –. O ensino de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural, fora do âmbito da pós-graduação em Pernambuco, continua marcado pela Teoria de Difusão de Inovações e por métodos cartesianos de ensino

ENSAIO DE RESPIRAÇÃO EDÁFICA PARA AVALIAR O EFEITO DE TEMPERATURA E UMIDADE DO SOLO COMO VARIÁVEIS CLIMÁTICAS NA EMISSÃO DE CO2 EM ESPODOSSOLO

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a respiração edáfica, por meio da emissão do gás carbônico (CO2), que é um gás de efeito estufa (GEE), em amostras de Espodossolo incubadas a diferentes temperaturas e umidades, e relacionar estas com o metabolismo da microbiota do solo tendo como referência os futuros cenários climáticos. O experimento foi conduzido em microcosmo com amostras de solo coletadas em uma parcela de 10x10 metros na profundidade de 0-10 cm em 5 diferentes pontos com quatro repetições. O solo submetido ao experimento foi da classe Espodossolo de uma área de reserva legal sob vegetação Ombrófila Densa das Terras Baixas. O solo coletado foi tamisado em peneira de 2 mm para incubação e determinação da respiração edáfica pela microbiota. Uma alíquota de 10 g de solo foi retirada para determinar a umidade gravimétrica e determinação das diferentes umidades de incubação. As temperaturas de incubação foram determinadas com referência no climograma da região e 5ºC a mais, de acordo com um dos possíveis cenários previstos com a Mudança do Clima. As amostras foram incubadas em duplicata para cada tratamento em repetições com 18ºC e 9% umidade, 18ºC e 20% umidade, 30ºC e 9% umidade e 30ºC a 20% de umidade em quatro diferentes períodos (168 h; 336 h; 504 e 672 h). A cada semana ou 168 horas foi realizada uma leitura da respiração pelo método indireto por titulação para avaliar a emissão de CO2. As amostras foram analisadas estatisticamente para determinação da análise de variância. Os resultados da emissão de C-CO2 sugerem que a atividade da microbiota edáfica foi influenciada pela temperatura mais baixa associada a umidade mais alta. O experimento em microcosmo sugere que o possível aumento no regime de chuvas no período de menor temperatura do ano, como um dos cenários relacionados a Mudança do Clima para Floresta Ombrófila Densa das Terras Baixas sobre Espodossolo na planície litorânea do Paraná, pode alterar a emissão de C-CO2

Surveillance of the first cases of COVID-19 in Sergipe using a prospective spatiotemporal analysis: the spatial dispersion and its public health implications

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global public health emergency with lethality ranging from 1% to 5%. This study aimed to identify active high-risk transmission clusters of COVID-19 in Sergipe. Methods: We performed a prospective space-time analysis using confirmed cases of COVID-19 during the first 7 weeks of the outbreak in Sergipe. Results: The prospective space-time statistic detected "active" and emerging spatio-temporal clusters comprising six municipalities in the south-central region of the state. Conclusions: The Geographic Information System (GIS) associated with spatio-temporal scan statistics can provide timely support for surveillance and assist in decision-making

Diagnóstico precoce da Taquicardiomiopatia com melhora da fração de ejeção: um relato de caso: Early diagnosis of Tachycardiomyopathy with improved ejection fraction: a case report

A taquicardiomiopatia caracteriza-se por disfunção ventricular sistólica e insuficiência cardíaca ocasionadas por taquiarritmias ventriculares ou supraventriculares persistentes com elevada frequência cardíaca, podendo evoluir a taquicardia e fibrilação ventriculares de acordo com a gravidade da arritmia

Aerobic training with a self-selected or predetermined intensity on sleep parameters in adolescents with obesity: a randomized clinical trial

Objectives: To compare the effects of self-selected and predetermined intensity on sleep quality and duration, daytime sleepiness, and sleep efficiency of adolescents with obesity after 12 weeks of aerobic training. Material and Methods: Thirty-seven adolescents (12 girls), 13-18 years old, with obesity (BMI = 95th) were randomized into a predetermined intensity group (PIG), exercise intensity around 60-70% of heart rate reserve; or self-selected intensity group (SIG), the adolescents chose the speed/intensity at the beginning of each session and were able to change it every 5 minutes. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were used to assess sleep outcomes. Results: No differences were observed for PSQI [0.00 ± 2.00 vs 1.38 ± 2.7; p=0.195; d=0.60 (moderate effect)], sleep duration [-0.95 ± 1.2 vs -0.35 ± 1.6; p=0.358; d=0.41 (small effect)], ESS [(2.10 ± 3.9 vs 1.15 ± 4.5; p=0.195; d=0.23 (small effect)], and sleep efficiency [(81.5 ± 24.0 vs 79.4 ± 17.0; p=0.8.14; d=0.10 (trivial effect)] for the PIG and SIG groups, respectively. Conclusion: Aerobic training at a self- selected or predetermined intensity does not modulate sleep quality, sleep duration and efficiency, and daytime sleepiness, independent of intensity

TOURNIQUET VERSUS NO TOURNIQUET USE IN KNEE VIDEOARTHROSCOPY: A MULTICENTRIC, PROSPECTIVE, DOUBLE-BLIND, RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL

ABSTRACTTo evaluate whether, by using an arthropump (irrigation equipment with pressure sensor), pneumatic tourniquet use could interfere with the duration of surgery, recovery of movement and joint volume in patients who underwent knee videoarthroscopy for partial meniscectomy. Methods: 103 patients divided randomly into two groups regarding use or nonuse of a pneumatic tourniquet were evaluated in five different centers by seven different surgeons. The variables were evaluated during the surgery and seven days after the operation. Results: No statistically significant differences were found among any of the variables studied. Conclusion: There are no reasons that would either justify or discredit tourniquet use in this specific situation

Complications in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV2 infection

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of complications during hospitalization in patients diagnosed with COVID-19, as well as the association with mortality and prognosis. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study involved 306 patients admitted to a COVID ward and ICU aged 18 years or older with confirmed SARS-CoV2 infection admitted to a Brazilian Tertiary Hospital. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, radiological and outcome data were collected from the patients' charts. RESULTS: According to the data analyzed during hospitalization, 230 (75.2%) patients developed complications, 281 (91.8%) patients had comorbidities and 169 (55.2%) patients died. There are no differences regarding the sex of the patients. The most prevalent complication was ventilator-associated pneumonia, present in 130 (42.5%) patients, followed by acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis, presented by 100 (32.7%) patients. The calculation of the relative risk of death according to the occurrence of complications showed p<0.0001 for acute renal failure, p<0.0001 for orotracheal intubation and p=0.0434 for acute myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION: The relative risk of death in COVID-19 is significant, showing an increase in relation to age, length of hospital stay and complications. Prevention, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to reduce the mortality rate in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of complications during hospitalization in patients diagnosed with COVID-19, as well as the association with mortality and prognosis. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study involved 306 patients admitted to a COVID ward and ICU aged 18 years or older with confirmed SARS-CoV2 infection admitted to a Brazilian Tertiary Hospital. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, radiological and outcome data were collected from the patients' charts. RESULTS: According to the data analyzed during hospitalization, 230 (75.2%) patients developed complications, 281 (91.8%) patients had comorbidities and 169 (55.2%) patients died. There are no differences regarding the sex of the patients. The most prevalent complication was ventilator-associated pneumonia, present in 130 (42.5%) patients, followed by acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis, presented by 100 (32.7%) patients. The calculation of the relative risk of death according to the occurrence of complications showed p<0.0001 for acute renal failure, p<0.0001 for orotracheal intubation and p=0.0434 for acute myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION: The relative risk of death in COVID-19 is significant, showing an increase in relation to age, length of hospital stay and complications. Prevention, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to reduce the mortality rate in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Changes in infant and neonatal mortality and associated factors in eight cohorts from three Brazilian cities

Stillbirth (SBR), perinatal (PMR), neonatal (NMR) and infant mortality rates (IMR) are declining in Brazil and the factors associated with these falls are still being investigated. The objective of the present study was to assess changes in SBR, PMR, NMR and IMR over time and to determine the factors associated with changes in NMR and IMR in eight Brazilian cohorts. All cohorts are population-based (Ribeirão Preto in 1978/79, 1994 and 2010; Pelotas in 1982, 1993 and 2004; and São Luís in 1997/98 and 2010). Were included data on 41440 children. All indicators were decreased, except in the city of Pelotas, from 1993 to 2004, and except SBR in São Luís. Sociodemographic variables seem to be able to explain reductions of NMR and IMR in Ribeirão Preto, from 1978/79 to 1994, and in São Luís. In Ribeirão Preto, from 1994 to 2010 declines in NMR and IMR seem to be explained by reductions in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Newborn’s gestational age had diminished in all cohorts, preventing even greater reductions of NMR and IMR. Improved sociodemographic variables and reduction of IUGR, seem to be able to explain part of the decrease observed. NMR and IMR could have been reduced even more, were it not for the worsening in gestational age distribution