Arquitetura IOT para prevenção e detecção da entrada de ameaças no ambiente escolar

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Egon Walter WildauerCoorientador: Prof. Dr. José Simão de Paula PintoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão da Informação. Defesa : Curitiba, 12/03/2024Inclui referênciasResumo: Ambientes educacionais são espaços socioculturais em essência, marcados pela heterogeneidade em vários aspectos; essa heterogeneidade, quando não administrada, pode resultar em desavenças, conflitos e, em casos mais extremos, tragédias. O Brasil já foi palco de ataques a instituições de ensino que resultaram em ao menos 62 mortos e 131 feridos, oriundos apenas de casos que ganharam grande repercussão na mídia; casos recentes como Suzano-SP (2019), Saudades-SC (2021), Aracruz-ES (2022), Cambé-PR (2023) retratam esta realidade, demonstrando que estes fenômenos não ocorrem apenas em países com maior taxa de desenvolvimento econômico. Uma pesquisa realizada em 2016 em sete capitais do Brasil revelou que 20% dos alunos adolescentes entrevistados já havia presenciado armas de fogo dentro das escolas, e os números relacionados a outros tipos de violência são alarmantes. A entrada de armas no ambiente escolar tende a ocorrer de forma velada, o que pode dificultar sua fiscalização. Detectores de metais podem ser importantes ferramentas no combate à entrada de objetos metálicos em ambientes educacionais, porém o custo de aquisição deste tipo de equipamento pode, entre outros, caracterizar uma barreira à sua utilização. Neste contexto, esta tese propõem viabilizar um método de aprimoramento da segurança nas escolas ou outros ambientes com demanda semelhante, através do desenvolvimento de um portal detector de metais, com capacidade de detecção de um número considerável de objetos metálicos, possuindo como características o baixo custo, a possibilidade de implementação da economia circular, a conectividade à Internet através de componentes da Internet das Coisas (IoT) e o controle/monitoramento de acessos através do equipamento. Para o desenvolvimento da estrutura do portal, foram utilizados materiais de construção como forros de PVC e acessórios reciclados, uma placa de MDF para a base, fio elétrico residencial para a bobina indutora, um microcontrolador, sensores e atuadores de IoT de baixo custo, integrados ao circuito PI Polonês, responsável pela detecção de metais. O método desenvolvido propõe uma sequência de passos para a obtenção de resultado similar. Com implementação em protótipo deste projeto, foi possível verificar a viabilidade econômica e tecnológica do mesmo, demonstrada pela sua capacidade de detecção de objetos metálicos, sua capacidade de contabilizar o número de entradas e saídas do ambiente escolar, sua capacidade de envio dos dados gerados a um banco de dados através da internet e do aplicativo Android, capaz de fornecer suporte à decisão por meio de indicadores, dashboards e demais informações oriundas do portal.Abstract: Educational environments are sociocultural spaces in essence, marked by heterogeneity in several aspects; This heterogeneity, when not managed, can result in disagreements, conflicts and, in more extreme cases, tragedies. Brazil has already been the scene of attacks on educational institutions that resulted in at least 62 deaths and 131 injuries, arising only from cases that gained great repercussion in the media; Recent cases such as Suzano-SP (2019), Saudades-SC (2021), Aracruz-ES (2022), Cambé-PR (2023) portray this reality, demonstrating that these phenomena do not occur only in countries with a higher rate of economic development. A survey carried out in 2016 in seven Brazilian capitals revealed that 20% of the adolescent students interviewed had already witnessed firearms inside schools, and the numbers related to other types of violence are alarming. The entry of weapons into the school environment tends to occur covertly, which can make monitoring difficult. Metal detectors can be important tools in combating the entry of metallic objects into educational environments, however the cost of purchasing this type of equipment can, among others, characterize a barrier to their use. In this context, this thesis proposes to enable a method of improving security in schools or other environments with similar demand, through the development of a metal detector portal, with the capacity to detect a considerable number of metallic objects, with the characteristics of low cost, the possibility of implementing the circular economy, Internet connectivity through Internet of Things (IoT) components and access control/monitoring through equipment. For the development of the portal structure, construction materials such as PVC linings and recycled accessories, an MDF board for the base, residential electrical wire for the inductor coil, a microcontroller, low-cost, integrated IoT sensors and actuators were used to the Polish PI circuit, responsible for metal detection. The method developed proposes a sequence of steps to obtain a similar result. With the prototype implementation of this project, it was possible to verify its economic and technological viability, demonstrated by its ability to detect metallic objects, its ability to count the number of entries and exits to the school environment, its ability to send the data generated to a database via the internet and the Android application, capable of providing decision support through indicators, dashboards and other information from the portal

ATTRIBUTES OF DYSTROPHIC LATOSOL IN SOUTHERN MINAS GERAIS AFTER APPLICATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE

In general, tropical soils present low natural fertility, which results in a greatamount of degraded areas if it is associated with improper handling. Sewagesludge, due to its high levels of organic matter and nutrients, can improve soilproperties. Thus, this study evaluated the conditioning and fertilizing effectsof sewage sludge on the attributes of a typical dystrophic latosol in SouthernMinas Gerais. The experiment evaluated the application of sludge fromSantana wastewater treatment plant in Varginhas (Minas Gerais, Brazil) inpots, with concentrations equivalent to 60, 120, and 180 t ha-1, and a controltreatment without sludge. The sewage sludge has increased the levels oforganic matter, cation-exchange capacity, sum of the bases and nutrients,as well as increased porosity and decreased soil density, thus indicating thepotential for conditioning and fertilizing agricultural soils

Dermatitis Associated with the Intake of Defatted Rice Bran by Cattle in the Southern Region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul

Background: Dermatitis associated with defatted rice bran (DRB) seems to be an underdiagnosed disease in Brazilian confined herds, characterized by localized skin lesions that develop mainly on hind limbs, and can affect any animal category. In this context, the goal of the present study was to describe an outbreak of dermatitis associated with the consumption of defatted rice bran on a property in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, demonstrating the clinical, hematological and epidemiological characteristics of the animals, as well as alternatives for the definitive diagnosis.Cases: Clinical and epidemiological data were obtained by anamnesis with the technician responsible for the property. Aberdeen Angus and crossbred males, with 24 to 36 months of age, with an average of 413 kg, from a property in the interior of the state of Rio Grande do Sul were analyzed. From a batch of 45 cattle, from 24 to 36 months of age, 20 presented lesions on hind limbs 8-17 days after supplementation of a commercial feed containing defatted rice bran. To assist in the diagnosis, blood samples were drawn into vacuum tubes with 10% EDTA, for a complete blood count with the investigation of hemoparasites, and without anticoagulant, for liver function tests. In addition, lesion tissue samples were also collected for bacteriological, mycological and histopathological examination and the ration offered to the animals, for intradermal tests. There were no significant hematological and biochemical changes in animals that developed DRB dermatitis, except when they have an associated secondary infection. The fungal research was negative. The bacterial culture revealed a growth of Staphylococcus aureus, possibly due to secondary infection resulting from the lesions. In histopathological examination, lesions were characterized by areas of alopecia, thickening of the epidermis, forming dry, thick crusts, and some ulcerative and serosanguineous lesions. Histologically, lesions were characterized by marked hyperkeratosis, ulceration, and in the superficial dermis, intense inflammatory infiltrate of eosinophils and lymphocytes.Histologic changes, although not pathognomonic, are typically described in this disease. The intradermal test was performed to contribute to the diagnosis of the disease, where a significant increase in volume was found between measurements on animals that developed the disease. It is believed that the disease is produced due to a food hypersensitivity as a consequence of the high protein level in DRB. The results of the intradermal test indicate that the animals developed hypersensitivity and reaction to proteins, and further research is required to determine the protein fraction leading to hypersensitivity reactions.Discussion: In the present study, acute lesions in hind limbs in a significant number of animals of the same batch in a short period of time after supplementation with a diet containing defatted rice bran, enabled a clinical diagnosis suggestive of dermatitis associated with DRB consumption. Through epidemiological data, reactive intradermal test, associated with the findings of the histopathological exam, which showed characteristic lesions of the disease (alopecia, erythema, epidermis thickening, with the formation of thick crusts, usually on hind limbs in the region of the hoof coronary band, progressing to pastern and fetlock), it was possible to establish the clinical-pathological diagnosis of dermatitis associated with the consumption of defatted rice bran. Keywords: dermatitis, cattle, supplementation, defatted rice bran.Descritores: dermatite, bovinos, suplementação, farelo de arroz desengordurado.Título: Dermatite associada ao consumo de farelo de arroz desengorduradoem bovinos na região sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

Polish device for FOCCoS/PFS slit system

The Fiber Optical Cable and Connector System, FOCCoS, for the Prime Focus Spectrograph, PFS, is responsible for transporting light from the Subaru Telescope focal plane to a set of four spectrographs. Each spectrograph will be fed by a convex curved slit with 616 optical fibers organized in a linear arrangement. The slit frontal surface is covered with a special dark composite, made with refractory oxide, which is able to sustain its properties with minimum quantities of abrasives during the polishing process; this stability is obtained This stability is obtained by the detachment of the refractory oxide nanoparticles, which then gently reinforce gently the polishing process and increase its the efficiency. The surface roughness measured in several samples after high performance polishing was about 0.01 microns. Furthermore, the time for obtaining a polished surface with this quality is about 10 times less than the time required for polishing a brass, glass or ceramic surface of the same size. In this paper, we describe the procedure developed for high quality polishing of this type of slit. The cylindrical polishing described here, uses cylindrical concave metal bases on which glass paper is based. The polishing process consists to use grid sequences of 30 microns, 12 microns, 9 microns, 5 microns, 3 microns, 1 micron and, finally, a colloidal silica on a chemical cloth. To obtain the maximum throughput, the surface of the fibers should be polished in such a way that they are optically flat and free from scratches. The optical fibers are inspected with a microscope at all stages of the polishing process to ensure high quality. The efficiency of the process may be improved by using a cylindrical concave composite base as a substrate suitable for diamond liquid solutions. Despite this process being completely by hand, the final result shows a very high quality

O impacto do ensino superior na renda dos indivíduos: um estudo de caso comparativoThe impact of higher education on individuals' income: a comparative case study

Resumo: O Brasil possui 2.608 Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES), entre Universidades, Centros Universitários, Faculdades, Institutos Federais e Centros Federais de Educação Tecnológica, sejam públicos ou privados. Em todas essas IES estavam matriculados 8,6 milhões de alunos em cursos de graduação (INEP, 2020). Todavia, esses números ainda não são suficientes para garantir condições razoáveis ou desejáveis para o desenvolvimento humano e econômico brasileiro. Essa abordagem é relevante, pois a educação demonstra significativa interferência na renda das pessoas. Segundo dados do IBGE (2020), diante da situação de queda da renda dos mais pobres e, portanto, aumento da desigualdade, as mulheres tiveram melhores ganhos. Segundo Neri (2019), isso acontece justamente porque elas representam um grupo relevante da população que melhora a renda por frequentarem por mais tempo os bancos escolares e, principalmente, cursarem o ensino superior. Nesse sentido, Mincer (1975) já defendia que as taxas de crescimento da renda estavam diretamente relacionadas ao nível de instrução dos trabalhadores

O Turismo Espeleológico na Amazônia como Garantia do Desenvolvimento Sustentável: Uma Análise das Cavernas Areníticas do Município de Presidente Figueiredo

As motivações de visitação às cavernas e as práticas turísticas se desdobraram em diversos níveis, culminando em atividades de cunho educacional, de aventura, contemplativo, religioso e místico. O espeleoturismo possui uma faceta mercadológica que se fortalece progressivamente com a ampliação dos fluxos de visitação, no aumento das oportunidades de geração de emprego e renda nas comunidades receptoras e no desenvolvimento de serviços específicos para os roteiros espeleoturísticos. O presente estudo objetiva a avaliação do potencial espeleológico na região Amazônica, tendo por base o banco de dados do Centro Nacional de Estudo, Proteção e Manejo de Cavernas (CECAV) do Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio). Como metodologia, foi realizada visitação a 6 cavernas no Município de Presidente Figueiredo (estado do Amazonas), tomando-se como base o conhecimento de grutas mapeadas e informações de cidadãos locais com o intuito de investigar o potencial espeleológico definido no mapa de potencialidades do banco de dados. Conclui-se que o espeleoturismo se configura como uma atividade consolidada que desenvolve o território, gerando renda, cidadania e preservação ambiental

Stress distribution in fixed mandibular prostheses fabricated by CAD/CAM and conventional techniques : photoelastic and strain gauge analyses

The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of stress in complete fixed mandibular prostheses with infrastructures (IE) fabricated with different materials and techniques, under compressive force. A model of an edentulous mandible, which received five 4x11 mm external hexagon implants between the mental foramens, was fabricated. The groups were divided into: Group I - IE in nickel-chromium with an acrylic resin occlusal coating; Group II ? IE in nickel-chromium with a ceramic occlusal coating; Group III ? IE milled in zirconia with a ceramic coating. For the photoelastic methodology, 70 N axial loads were applied in three regions. Photographic images were taken and analyzed according to the number of high-intensity fringes. For the strain gauge methodology, the measurement of stresses was performed in two distinct regions. The same compression tests described earlier were then performed. The registered stress values were grouped in tables and submitted to two-factor variance analysis (ANOVA) and the Tukey test with 5% significance. The results of the two methodologies demonstrated smaller stress values for Group I, when compared to the other groups. It was possible to conclude that the complete fixed prostheses, with infrastructures cast in metal and acrylic occlusal coating, demonstrated better biomechanical results