Stilbenes from Deguelia rufescens var. urucu (Ducke) A. M. G. Azevedo leaves: effects on seed germination and plant growth

The Amazon biodiversity may provide plants whose chemical substances are capable of controlling weeds. In this study we report the isolation and identification of five stilbenes from the leaves of "timbó vermelho" (Deguelia rufescens var. urucu): 4-methoxylonchocarpene (1); 3,5-dimethoxy-4´-hydroxy-3´-prenyl-trans-stilbene (2), lonchocarpene (3), 3,5-dimethoxy-4´-O-prenyl-trans-stilbene (4) and pterostilbene (5). Compounds 2 and 4 are new natural products although 2 has been previously cited as synthesis product. Potential allelopathic activity for 1, 2 and 4 was evaluated over seed germination and plant growth of Mimosa pudica weed. The observed effects on seed germination did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) when the analysis of phytotoxicity was performed with the substances alone, the maximum inhibition did not exceed 20%. The most intense inhibitions on radicle and hypocotyl development were found for compound 4 (p 0,05) quando a análise da fitotoxidade foi realizada com as substâncias isoladamente, cuja inibição máxima não ultrapassou 20%. A inibição mais intensa, quanto ao desenvolvimento da radícula e do hipocótilo, foi encontrada para o composto 4 (p < 0,05). Isoladamente, 4 causou efeito inibitório significativamente maior (p < 0,05) no desenvolvimento da radícula e do hipocótilo, do que 1 e 2. Quando testados aos pares, apresentaram antagonismo para a germinação de sementes e sinergismo para o desenvolvimento da radícula e hipocótilo

Técnicas de conservação de alimentos por salga como prática de saberes tradicionais da Comunidade Murutinga, Abaetetuba – Pará

ABSTRACT. Traditional knowledge has for a long time been the only way of teaching that was a source of income for many and provided for their survival. With the advent of modernity, the technique of salting food has lost space for the food refrigeration and freezing system, but this knowledge is of paramount importance to keep alive the culture and identity of communities, such as Murutinga, in the municipality of Abaetetuba, Pará This production had as proposal to know the process used for salting of the food besides analyzing how this knowledge was acquired and its importance for future generations. Among the procedures adopted, we sought reports from former residents describing the methods used to conserve foods such as meat, fish and shrimp through salting, simultaneously carrying out a bibliographic study in order to address and subsidize the analysis of their inherent biochemical processes. The results show that there is still a strong presence of this traditional knowledge in the locality investigated, so that the practice of salting is still being carried out in this area, with emphasis also on the efforts of the elders to spread this practice to the young people of the community.ABSTRACT. Traditional knowledge has for a long time been the only way of teaching that was a source of income for many and provided for their survival. With the advent of modernity, the technique of salting food has lost space for the food refrigeration and freezing system, but this knowledge is of paramount importance to keep alive the culture and identity of communities, such as Murutinga, in the municipality of Abaetetuba, Pará This production had as proposal to know the process used for salting of the food besides analyzing how this knowledge was acquired and its importance for future generations. Among the procedures adopted, we sought reports from former residents describing the methods used to conserve foods such as meat, fish and shrimp through salting, simultaneously carrying out a bibliographic study in order to address and subsidize the analysis of their inherent biochemical processes. The results show that there is still a strong presence of this traditional knowledge in the locality investigated, so that the practice of salting is still being carried out in this area, with emphasis also on the efforts of the elders to spread this practice to the young people of the community.RESUMEN. Los conocimientos tradicionales han sido durante mucho tiempo la única forma de enseñanza que fue una fuente de ingresos para muchos y les permitió sobrevivir. Con el advenimiento de la modernidad, la técnica de salazón de alimentos ha perdido espacio para el sistema de refrigeración y congelación de alimentos, pero este conocimiento es de suma importancia para mantener viva la cultura e identidad de comunidades, como Murutinga, en el municipio de Abaetetuba, Pará. Esta producción tuvo como propuesta conocer el proceso utilizado para la salazón de los alimentos además de analizar cómo se adquirió este conocimiento y su importancia para las generaciones futuras. Entre los procedimientos adoptados, se buscaron informes de antiguos residentes que describan los métodos utilizados para conservar alimentos como la carne, el pescado y el camarón mediante la salazón, realizando simultáneamente un estudio bibliográfico con el fin de abordar y subsidiar el análisis de sus procesos bioquímicos inherentes. Los resultados muestran que aún existe una fuerte presencia de este conocimiento tradicional en la localidad investigada, por lo que la práctica de salazón aún se está llevando a cabo en esta zona, con énfasis también en los esfuerzos de los mayores por difundir esta práctica a los jóvenes gente de la comunidad.ABSTRACT. Traditional knowledge has for a long time been the only way of teaching that was a source of income for many and provided for their survival. With the advent of modernity, the technique of salting food has lost space for the food refrigeration and freezing system, but this knowledge is of paramount importance to keep alive the culture and identity of communities, such as Murutinga, in the municipality of Abaetetuba, Pará This production had as proposal to know the process used for salting of the food besides analyzing how this knowledge was acquired and its importance for future generations. Among the procedures adopted, we sought reports from former residents describing the methods used to conserve foods such as meat, fish and shrimp through salting, simultaneously carrying out a bibliographic study in order to address and subsidize the analysis of their inherent biochemical processes. The results show that there is still a strong presence of this traditional knowledge in the locality investigated, so that the practice of salting is still being carried out in this area, with emphasis also on the efforts of the elders to spread this practice to the young people of the community.Os conhecimentos tradicionais foram por bastante tempo o único modo de ensino e fonte de renda para muitos indivíduos, proporcionando a sobrevivência. Com o advir da modernidade a técnica de salga de alimentos perdeu espaço para o sistema de refrigeração e congelamento de alimentos, porém esses saberes são de suma importância para manter viva a cultura e identidade de comunidades, como a Murutinga, do município de Abaetetuba, Pará. Esta produção possui como proposta conhecer o processo utilizado para salga dos alimentos, além de analisar como esse conhecimento foi adquirido, e a sua importância para as futuras gerações. Dentre os procedimentos adotados, buscou-se relatos de moradores antigos descrevendo os métodos utilizados para conservação alimentos como carne, peixe e camarão por intermédio da salga, realizando simultaneamente o estudo bibliográfico a fim de abordar e subsidiar a análise dos processos bioquímicos inerentes desses. Os resultados mostram que ainda há uma forte presença desses saberes tradicionais na localidade investigada, de modo que a prática da salga ainda vem sendo executada nesta, com ênfase também no empenho dos mais velhos em propagar essa prática para os jovens da comunidade. Palavras-chave: saberes tradicionais, salga de alimentos, educação do campo.   Salt food conservation techniques as a practice of traditional knowledge from the Community of Murutinga, Abaetetuba – Pará ABSTRACT. Traditional knowledge has for a long time been the only way of teaching that was a source of income for many and provided for their survival. With the advent of modernity, the technique of salting food has lost space for the food refrigeration and freezing system, but this knowledge is of paramount importance to keep alive the culture and identity of communities, such as Murutinga, in the municipality of Abaetetuba, Pará This production had as proposal to know the process used for salting of the food besides analyzing how this knowledge was acquired and its importance for future generations. Among the procedures adopted, we sought reports from former residents describing the methods used to conserve foods such as meat, fish and shrimp through salting, simultaneously carrying out a bibliographic study in order to address and subsidize the analysis of their inherent biochemical processes. The results show that there is still a strong presence of this traditional knowledge in the locality investigated, so that the practice of salting is still being carried out in this area, with emphasis also on the efforts of the elders to spread this practice to the young people of the community. Keywords: traditional knowledge, food salting, rural education.   Las técnicas de conservación de alimentos salados como práctica de conocimiento tradicional para la Comunidad de Murutinga, Abaetetuba – Pará RESUMEN. Los conocimientos tradicionales han sido durante mucho tiempo la única forma de enseñanza que fue una fuente de ingresos para muchos y les permitió sobrevivir. Con el advenimiento de la modernidad, la técnica de salazón de alimentos ha perdido espacio para el sistema de refrigeración y congelación de alimentos, pero este conocimiento es de suma importancia para mantener viva la cultura e identidad de comunidades, como Murutinga, en el municipio de Abaetetuba, Pará. Esta producción tuvo como propuesta conocer el proceso utilizado para la salazón de los alimentos además de analizar cómo se adquirió este conocimiento y su importancia para las generaciones futuras. Entre los procedimientos adoptados, se buscaron informes de antiguos residentes que describan los métodos utilizados para conservar alimentos como la carne, el pescado y el camarón mediante la salazón, realizando simultáneamente un estudio bibliográfico con el fin de abordar y subsidiar el análisis de sus procesos bioquímicos inherentes. Los resultados muestran que aún existe una fuerte presencia de este conocimiento tradicional en la localidad investigada, por lo que la práctica de salazón aún se está llevando a cabo en esta zona, con énfasis también en los esfuerzos de los mayores por difundir esta práctica a los jóvenes gente de la comunidad. Palabras clave: conocimientos tradicionales, salazón de alimentos, educación rural

A química na educação inclusiva e seus desafios na escola do campo no município de Igarapé Miri

This article aims to build didactic resources in order to contribute to the teaching and learning process of deaf students, in order to help them in chemistry classes at a regular school in the municipality of Igarapé Miri. Thus, the research was carried out from August 2018 to July 2019, with bibliographic research for theoretical foundations and qualitative analysis of the participant type, in which, at first, the quantitative survey of deaf students in 12 schools in the municipality of Igarapé Miri. In the second moment, there was the application of questionnaires, development of teaching materials, experimental activities and recreational games. The results show usefulness in the learning process, even in the face of social factors found during the research equivalent to challenges faced in rural schools, such as the increase in the dropout rate of deaf students in rural and urban schools; lack of accessibility, caregiver, medical report; and even support from the Pedagogical Department of the Municipal Department of Education. The development of pedagogical resources, together with the scientific signs of the Brazilian Sign Language (Libras), provided moments of affection and greater understanding of scientific content in the classroom. Thus, the interviewees' speeches, with regard to the practices presented, reported that the activities carried out significantly helped and improved the students'understanding of the subject of chemistry, providing the inclusion of students with disabilities in the school environment.Este artículo tiene como objetivo construir recursos didácticos con el fin de contribuir al proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de los estudiantes sordos, con el fin de ayudarlos en las clases de química en una escuela regular en el municipio de Igarapé Miri. Así, la investigación se llevó a cabo de agosto de 2018 a julio de 2019, con investigación bibliográfica para fundamentos teóricos y análisis cualitativo de tipo participante, en el que, en un primer momento, se realizó la encuesta cuantitativa de estudiantes sordos en 12 escuelas del municipio de Igarapé Miri. En el segundo momento, se realizó la aplicación de cuestionarios, desarrollo de materiales didácticos, actividades experimentales y juegos recreativos. Los resultados muestran utilidad en el proceso de aprendizaje, incluso frente a factores sociales encontrados durante la investigación equivalentes a desafíos enfrentados en escuelas rurales, como el aumento de la tasa de deserción de estudiantes sordos en escuelas rurales y urbanas; falta de accesibilidad, cuidador, informe médico; e incluso el apoyo del Departamento Pedagógico de la Secretaría Municipal de Educación. El desarrollo de recursos pedagógicos, junto con los signos científicos de la Lengua de Signos Brasileña (Libras), proporcionó momentos de afecto y mayor comprensión de los contenidos científicos en el aula. Así, los discursos de los entrevistados, con relación a las prácticas presentadas, relataron que las actividades realizadas ayudaron y mejoraron significativamente la comprensión de los estudiantes sobre la materia de química, propiciando la inclusión de los estudiantes con discapacidad en el ámbito escolar.O presente trabalho busca analisar, debater e traçar metodologias que visam contribuir para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem em sala de aula. Dessa forma, a pesquisa foi realizada nos meses de agosto de 2018 a julho de 2019, com análises qualitativas e pesquisa-ação, em que, no primeiro momento, foi realizado o levantamento do quantitativo de alunos surdos em 12 escolas do município de Igarapé Miri, pesquisas bibliográficas para a fundamentação teórica, aplicação de questionários, elaboração de materiais pedagógicos, atividades experimentais e jogo lúdico. Através dos resultados obtidos, foi identificado o aumento do índice de evasão escolar de alunos surdos nas escolas do campo e da cidade, devido à falta de acessibilidade, cuidador, laudo médico ou até mesmo do apoio do Departamento Pedagógico da Secretaria Municipal de Educação. A elaboração de recursos pedagógicos juntamente com os sinais científicos da Língua Brasileira de Sinais (LIBRAS) proporcionou momentos de afetividade e maior compreensão dos conteúdos científicos em sala de aula. Desta forma, as falas dos entrevistados, no que diz respeito às práticas apresentadas, relataram que as atividades realizadas auxiliaram de forma significativa e melhoraram o entendimento dos alunos em relação à disciplina de química, proporcionando a inclusão dos alunos deficientes no meio escolar

Metodologias de ensino e aprendizagem no ensino de Ciências na Escola Euclides Moreira Pontes, Comunidade Quilombola São Benedito do Vizeu - Pará

ABSTRACT. This work deals with teaching and learning methodologies aimed at the science class at the Euclides Moreira Pontes School located in the Quilombola são Benedito do Vizeu community. The research discusses the fragmentation of teaching and learning in the area of sciences that are worked in a traditional way, thus proposing methodological proposals aimed at improving learning. Its objective is to propose methodologies in science education, focused on educational aspects, with educational practices that strengthen the historical singularity of the studied quilombola territory. For data collection, interviews were carried out following an application script, directed to students and a teacher of the science discipline, using observation in science classes, participation and development of new teaching methodologies such as: experiments, practical classes, research, games, in order to improve the teaching-learning process. At the end of this work it was possible to observe that the lack of differentiation of methodological practices in science classes, contributes to the lack of motivation, interest and enthusiasm of the students, harming the whole process of teaching and learning.ABSTRACT. This work deals with teaching and learning methodologies aimed at the science class at the Euclides Moreira Pontes School located in the Quilombola são Benedito do Vizeu community. The research discusses the fragmentation of teaching and learning in the area of sciences that are worked in a traditional way, thus proposing methodological proposals aimed at improving learning. Its objective is to propose methodologies in science education, focused on educational aspects, with educational practices that strengthen the historical singularity of the studied quilombola territory. For data collection, interviews were carried out following an application script, directed to students and a teacher of the science discipline, using observation in science classes, participation and development of new teaching methodologies such as: experiments, practical classes, research, games, in order to improve the teaching-learning process. At the end of this work it was possible to observe that the lack of differentiation of methodological practices in science classes, contributes to the lack of motivation, interest and enthusiasm of the students, harming the whole process of teaching and learning.RESUMEN. Este trabajo trata sobre metodologías de enseñanza y aprendizaje dirigidas a la clase de ciencias en la escuela Euclides Moreira Pontes ubicada en la comunidad Quilombola São Benedito do Vizeu. La investigación discute la fragmentación de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en el área de las ciencias que se trabaja de forma tradicional, proponiendo propuestas metodológicas encaminadas a mejorar el aprendizaje. Su objetivo es proponer metodologías en la enseñanza de las ciencias, enfocadas en aspectos educativos, con prácticas educativas que fortalezcan la singularidad histórica del territorio quilombola estudiado. Para la recolección de datos se realizaron entrevistas siguiendo un guión de aplicación, dirigido a estudiantes y un docente de la disciplina científica, utilizando la observación en las clases de ciencias, participación y desarrollo de nuevas metodologías de enseñanza como: experimentos, clases prácticas, investigación, juegos, en con el fin de mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Al final de este trabajo se pudo observar que la falta de diferenciación de prácticas metodológicas en las clases de ciencias, contribuye a la desmotivación, interés y entusiasmo de los estudiantes, perjudicando todo el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje.ABSTRACT. This work deals with teaching and learning methodologies aimed at the science class at the Euclides Moreira Pontes School located in the Quilombola são Benedito do Vizeu community. The research discusses the fragmentation of teaching and learning in the area of sciences that are worked in a traditional way, thus proposing methodological proposals aimed at improving learning. Its objective is to propose methodologies in science education, focused on educational aspects, with educational practices that strengthen the historical singularity of the studied quilombola territory. For data collection, interviews were carried out following an application script, directed to students and a teacher of the science discipline, using observation in science classes, participation and development of new teaching methodologies such as: experiments, practical classes, research, games, in order to improve the teaching-learning process. At the end of this work it was possible to observe that the lack of differentiation of methodological practices in science classes, contributes to the lack of motivation, interest and enthusiasm of the students, harming the whole process of teaching and learning.O presente trabalho trata sobre metodologias de ensino e aprendizagem voltadas para o ensino de ciências na escola Euclides Moreira Pontes, comunidade Quilombola são Benedito do Vizeu, no Pará, cujo objetivo é propor metodologias no ensino de ciências, voltado para os aspectos educacionais, com práticas educativas que fortifique a singularidade histórica do território quilombola. A pesquisa discute a fragmentação do ensino e aprendizagem na área de ciências que são trabalhadas de forma tradicional, e para propor metodologias, foram realizadas entrevistas seguindo um roteiro de aplicação, direcionadas aos alunos e professores, seguidas de observação durante as aulas, para, por fim, direcionar metodologias eficazes como contributos à disciplina de Ciências (experimentações, aulas práticas, pesquisas, jogos). Ao final deste trabalho, foi possível observar que não há dúvidas que a aplicação de metodologias de ensino e aprendizagem contribui para a motivação, interesse e entusiasmo dos alunos para aprendizagem significativa. Palavras-chave: aulas práticas, práticas educativas, experimentação. &nbsp; Teaching and learning methodologies in teaching Sciences at Euclides Moreira Pontes School located in the Quilombola Community São Benedito do Vizeu-Pará ABSTRACT. This work deals with teaching and learning methodologies aimed at the science class at the Euclides Moreira Pontes School located in the Quilombola são Benedito do Vizeu community. The research discusses the fragmentation of teaching and learning in the area of sciences that are worked in a traditional way, thus proposing methodological proposals aimed at improving learning. Its objective is to propose methodologies in science education, focused on educational aspects, with educational practices that strengthen the historical singularity of the studied quilombola territory. For data collection, interviews were carried out following an application script, directed to students and a teacher of the science discipline, using observation in science classes, participation and development of new teaching methodologies such as: experiments, practical classes, research, games, in order to improve the teaching-learning process. At the end of this work it was possible to observe that the lack of differentiation of methodological practices in science classes, contributes to the lack of motivation, interest and enthusiasm of the students, harming the whole process of teaching and learning. Keywords: practical classes, educational practices, experimentation. &nbsp; Metodologías de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la enseñanza de Ciencias en Escuela Euclides Moreira Pontes Ubicada en la Comunidad Quilombola São Benedito do Vizeu-Pará RESUMEN. Este trabajo trata sobre metodologías de enseñanza y aprendizaje dirigidas a la clase de ciencias en la escuela Euclides Moreira Pontes ubicada en la comunidad Quilombola São Benedito do Vizeu. La investigación discute la fragmentación de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en el área de las ciencias que se trabaja de forma tradicional, proponiendo propuestas metodológicas encaminadas a mejorar el aprendizaje. Su objetivo es proponer metodologías en la enseñanza de las ciencias, enfocadas en aspectos educativos, con prácticas educativas que fortalezcan la singularidad histórica del territorio quilombola estudiado. Para la recolección de datos se realizaron entrevistas siguiendo un guión de aplicación, dirigido a estudiantes y un docente de la disciplina científica, utilizando la observación en las clases de ciencias, participación y desarrollo de nuevas metodologías de enseñanza como: experimentos, clases prácticas, investigación, juegos, en con el fin de mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Al final de este trabajo se pudo observar que la falta de diferenciación de prácticas metodológicas en las clases de ciencias, contribuye a la desmotivación, interés y entusiasmo de los estudiantes, perjudicando todo el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Palabras clave: clases prácticas, prácticas educativas, experimentación

Chemical Composition and In Vitro

The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and the identification and quantification of components were achieved with the use of GC-MS analysis. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the method of sequestration of DPPH. Essential oils were used for study the cytotoxic front larvae of Artemia salina. In the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of essential oils, we employed the disk-diffusion method. The potential larvicide in mosquito larvae of the third stage of development of Aedes aegypti to different concentrations of essential oils was evaluated. The major compounds found in the essential oils of M. piperita were linalool (51.8%) and epoxyocimene (19.3%). The percentage of antioxidant activity was 79.9±1.6%. The essential oil showed LC50 = 414.6 μg/mL front of A. saline and is considered highly toxic. It shows sensitivity and halos significant inhibition against E. coli. The essential possessed partial larvicidal efficiency against A. aegypti

Síntese e atividade biológica de neolignanas 8.0.4' derivados e compostos correlatos

We have synthesized ca. 80 different aromatic compounds (8.0.4' -neolignans several derivatives and correlated compounds containing or 5 at C-8). These substances were submitted to bioassays namely PAF antagonists anti-leishmaniasis antibacteria, anti-schistossomose and anti-fungi. From the Virola surinmensin leaves we have isolated a 8.0.4' -neolignan, (+) -surinamensin whose absolute configuration was determinated as (+)-7S, 8S-surinamensin. Using crown ethers associated with metalic hydrides we have performed studies on the reduction stereoselectivity aiming a high diastereoselectivity of the β-ketoether reductions. We have also developed the first synthetic pathway Ieading to the enantiomerically pure 8.0.4' -neolignans using (+) - and (-) -Dimethyl tartrate as the chiral auxiliary groups which was sucessfulIy applied to the synthesis of (+) -virolin. Also we obtained chiral β -ketosulfides using the same route described earlier in an enantiosselectice pathway. Finnally, using safrol and eugenol abundant Brazilian raw material, we developed an alternative synthetic rout to the neolignans having bromohydrin as intermediate.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorCNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoFAPESP - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloNeste trabalho, sintetizamos cerca de 71 compostos aromáticos (neolignanas 8.0.4’, derivados e compostos correlatos contendo N ou S no carbono-8). Estas substâncias foram submetidas aos ensaios farmacológicas anti-PAF, anti-esquistossomose, anti-leishmaniose, antibacteriano e antifúngico. Re-isolamos das folhas de Virola surinamensis à neolignana 8.0.4’(+) -surinamensina , para determinação de sua configuração absoluta, (+) 7S, 8S-surinamensina, através de RMN1H empregando o método de Trost e col. Realizamos estudos de reduções estereosseletivas de β-cetoeteres para obtenção dos isômeros eritro ou treo majoritários, empregando como redutores éteres de coroa associados com hidretos metálicos. Desenvolvemos a 1ª rota de síntese enantiosseletiva de neolignanas 8.0.4' utilizando como auxiliar quiral (+) - e (-) -Dimetril tartarato, e empregamos essa metodologia para sintetizar a neolignana (+)-virolina. Utilizando a mesma rota sintética descrita acima, efetuamos síntese enantiosseletiva de β-cetosulfetos. Finalmente, desenvolvemos uma rota sintética via bromoidrina para obtenção de neolignanas 8.0.4 a partir de produtos naturais abundantes no Brasil, como safrol e eugenol

Sintese e atividade biologica de neolignanas 8.0.4' derivados e compostos correlatos

Orientador: Lauro E. S. BarataTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de QuimicaDoutorad