Developing muscle power for combat sports athletes

[EN] In combat sports, the specificity of the training requires that the athlete improve all performance indicators associated with the match. For this reason, muscle power seems to be determinant during the application of the techniques that result in scores, specifically punches, kicks, elbows, knees, throwing techniques, transitions to the groundwork and some groundwork techniques and sometimes, the win match by knockout. Based in these information’s, the present chapter will approach items referring to the muscle power manifestation and monitoring, and to the training prescription of exercises for the grappling, striking and mixed combat sport

Establishing frequency speed of kick test classificatory tables in male and female taekwondo athletes

Recently, the Frequency Speed of Kick Test (FSKT10s) and its intermittent version (5 x 10s/10s intervals, FSKTmult) have been used to assess physical fitness of taekwondo athletes, but no classificatory normative table was found for these tests. Thus, the aim of the study was to present two normative classificatory tables for both the FSKT10s and FSKTmult for male and female taekwondo athletes. One hundred fifteen male taekwondo athletes (median [interquartile range] age: 20 [17;27] years; body height: 175 [170;182] cm; body mass: 67 [60;78] kg; experience time: 6 [3;10] years) and seventy female taekwondo athletes (median [interquartile range] age: 19 [(17;24] years; body height: 162 [157;169] cm; body mass: 57 [50;64] kg; experience time: 5 [3;9] years) volunteered to participate in the study. Their skills ranged between 4th gub and 2nd dan. All the participants were evaluated during their competitive period and were familiarized with this test. The classificatory tables are presented in five scales, as follows: excellent (≥95th percentile); good (>75th percentile up to 94th percentile); regular (>25th percentile up to 74th percentile); poor (>6th percentile up to 24th percentile); and very poor (≤5th percentile). The classificatory tables for FSKT10s and FSKTmult can help coaches and strength and conditioning professionals to classify performance and monitor the physical fitness of taekwondo athletes in different stages of training and during the competitive season

Influence of half-squat intensity and volume on the subsequent countermovement jump and frequency speed of kick test performance in taekwondo athletes

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different postactivation potentiation conditioning activities’ volumes and intensities on countermovement jump and multiple sets of high speed kicks. Nine taekwondo athletes (M±SD; age: 20.3±5.2 years; height: 177±7.2 cm; body mass: 71.8±15.3 kg; maximum dynamic half-squat 1RM: 132.8±32.5 kg and practice time: 9.6±7.2 years) participated. One control and four experimental conditions were randomly applied. Each condition was composed of warm-up, conditioning activity (half-squat: 1x3 at 50 or 90% 1RM or 3x3 at 50 or 90% 1RM), followed by a 10-minute rest interval, a countermovement jump and five sets of Frequency Speed of Kick Test. The conditions were compared using an analysis of variance with repeated measures, followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. The alpha level was set at 5%. The significant difference was found in the number of kicks among sets (F3,21;128,36=25.34; p<.001; η2=.388 [small]). The rating of perceived exertion before control condition was higher than in all experimental protocols (F4,32=6.64; p=.001; η2=.454 [small]). There were no effects of volume and intensity on the variables investigated (maximum countermovement jump, mean countermovement jump, kick decrement, impact and rating of perceived exertion). Our results indicate that taekwondo athletes does not improve performance after conditioning activities of different volumes and intensities

El entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad mejora el rendimiento específico en los atletas de taekwondo

[ES] Los métodos de entrenamiento específicos son un aspecto importante en la preparación de los atletas de taekwondo. El propósito de este estudio fue investigar el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad (EIAI) de corta duración con técnicas específicas de taekwondo sobre el rendimiento anaeróbico. Doce atletas de taekwondo fueron asignados al azar a un grupo control (n=6) o grupo experimental (n=6). El protocolo experimental consistió en 3 bloques de 6 series de esfuerzo total de 10 segundos, con recuperación pasiva de 10 segundos entre series e intervalos de descanso de 1 minuto entre bloques, realizado 3 días por semana durante 4 semanas. Se realizó un análisis de varianza de tres vías (ANOVA) (grupo, serie y tiempo) con mediciones repetidas en los dos últimos factores para comparar el rendimiento durante cada serie de la prueba Frequency Speed Kick Test(FSKT) y un ANOVA de dos vías (grupo y tiempo) con mediciones repetidas se utilizó para comparar el número total de patadas y el índice de fatiga de patadas (IFP). Ambos grupos mantuvieron su entrenamiento regular de taekwondo, que era exactamente el mismo. Antes y después del programa de entrenamiento, los atletas realizaron el FSKT. El grupo experimental aumentó el rendimiento (p <0,01) en cada una de las cinco series de FSKT y en el número total de patadas (p <0,001). No se observó diferencia estadística en el grupo control después de 4 semanas o entre el grupo control y el grupo experimental en ningún momento. Un programa de EIAI de corta duración con técnicas específicas de taekwondo mejoró el rendimiento anaeróbico medido a través del FSKT. Sin embargo, el índice de fatiga no cambió.[EN] Specific training methods is an important aspect in the preparation of taekwondo athletes.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a short-duration high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program with specific taekwondo techniques on anaerobic performance.Twelve taekwondo athletes were randomized into a control (n=6) or experimental groups (n=6). The experimental protocol consisted of 3 blocks of 6 sets of 10s all-out effort, with 10s passive recovery between sets and 1-min rest interval between blocks, conducted 3 days per week during 4-weeks. A three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (group, set and moment) with repeated measurements in the two last factors was conducted to compare the performance during each set of the Frequency Speed Kick Test (FSKT), and an ANOVA two-way (group and moment) with repeated measurements was used to compare the total number of kicks and kick decrement index (KDI). Both groups maintained their regular taekwondo training, which was exactly the same. Before and after the training program the athletes performed the FSKT.The experimental group increased (p<0.01) performance in each of the five sets of the FSKT and in the total number of kicks (p<0.001). No statistical difference was observed in the control group after 4-weeks or between the control and experimental group in any moment. A short-duration HIIT program with specific taekwondo techniques improved anaerobic performance measured through the FSKT. However, the fatigue index did not change.[PT] Os métodos de treinamento específicos são um aspecto importante na preparação física dos atletas de taekwondo. O propósito deste estudo foi investigar o efeito de um programa de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (TIAI), de curta duração, com técnicas específicas de taekwondo sobre o desempenho anaeróbio. Doze atletas de taekwondo foram alocados aleatoriamente a um grupo controle (n=6) ou a um grupo experimental (n=6). O protocolo experimental consistiu em 3 blocos de 6 séries de esforço com duração de 10 segundos, com recuperação passiva de 10 segundos entre as séries e intervalos de descanso de 1 minuto entre os blocos, realizado 3 dias por semana durante 4 semanas. Foi utilizada a análise de variância (ANOVA) a três fatores (grupo, série e tempo) com medidas repetidas nos dois últimos fatores para comparar o desempenho durante cada série do Frequency Speed Kick Test (FSKT) e uma ANOVA a dois fatores (grupo e tempo) com medidas repetidas foi utilizada para comparar o número total de chutes e o índice de fadiga de chutes (IFC). Os dois grupos mantiveram seu treinamento regular de taekwondo, o qual era exatamente o mesmo. Antes e depois do programa de treinamento os atletas realizaram o FSKT. O grupo experimental aumentou o desempenho (p <0,01) em cada uma das cinco séries do FSKT e no número total de chutes (p<0,001). Não foi observada diferença estatística no grupo controle depois de 4 semanas ou entre o grupo controle e o grupo experimental em nenhum momento. Um programa de TIAI, de curta duração, com técnicas específicas de taekwondo melhorou o desempenho anaeróbio medido por meio do FSKT. Contudo, o IFC não mudou

Remapeamento sensorial: uma possível opção de terapia

Os receptores sensoriais humanos são morfologicamente especializados para realizar a transdução de estímulos específicos para o encéfalo. Entretanto, quando ocorre uma lesão, principalmente, na medula espinal, que pode ser de origem traumática e não traumática, provocam diversos graus de déficits sensoriais, disfunção autônoma, motora e esfincteriana, abaixo do nível da lesão. Com base nisso, uma nova modalidade terapêutica está sendo proposto pelo neurocientista Miguel Nicolelis, que tem como base a interface cérebro máquina, isto é, utilizar-se de outras vias para que as informações possam chegar no córtex cerebral e assim serem processadas conscientemente. conscientementeThe human sensory receptors are morphologically specialized to transduce specific stimuli into the brain. However, when an injury occurs, mainly in the spinal cord, which can be of traumatic or non-traumatic origin, it provokes various degrees of sensory deficits, autonomic, motor and sphincter dysfunction below the level of the injury. Based on this, a new therapeutic modality is being proposed by neuroscientist Miguel Nicolelis, which is based on the brain-machine interface, that is, using other pathways so that the information can reach the cerebral cortex and thus be consciously processed

Neoplasia Ablation in the Equine Oral Cavity Vestibule

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is responsible for more than 90% of head and neck neoplasms in humans. Multiple factors are associated with the development of squamous cell carcinomas in humans and animals, such as prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light, lack of pigment in the epidermis, or sparse hair coverage. In horses, oral forms are rare and represent 7% of cases, but sarcoids are the main type of oral neoplasia. In the present case, due to the location and anatomical dimensions of the oral vestibule, it was necessary to adapt it to the natural tumor excision, a fact that aimed to describe this report.Case: One Arabian 2- year-old male horse, treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Santa Cruz State University (UESC), with signs of severe mouth bleeding and halitosis. Clinical inspection of the face showed elevation in the masseter region and left mandible branch. Clinical examination of the oral cavity revealed soft tissue tumor extending from tooth 308 (PM-1, lower left) to 311 (M-3, lower left) and on the buccal surface of the left mandible branch. Radiographic examination revealed no invasion of bone tissue by the tumor. Biopsy material was collected. The histopathological report was of neoplastic cell proliferation, frequent mitoses, binucleate cells and extensive ulceration area associated with neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate, indicative of squamous cell carcinoma. The animal was referred to the Surgical Sector who, after evaluation of the animal, opted for the ablation of the neoplasia. Pre-anesthesia performed with intravenous detomidine 30 µg/kg, anesthesia with regional mandibular nerve block with 20 mL of 2% lidocaine and maintenance with continuous infusion of detoxid 0.5 µg/kg/ min. Contention for the operative act in the quadrupedal position. The opening of the oral cavity through the Holborn ratchet opener. The beginning of the surgery was with the scalpel, which allowed the removal of approximately one third of the tumor. Due to the great difficulty of fully accessing the area, due to the location of the tumor in the vestibule of the mouth, as well as the presence of fibrosis and calcification, it was necessary to adapt a 15 cm lambotte rugina to allow manipulation and perfect access to the entire mass. tumor for its complete ablation. The synthesis was not performed due to the anatomy and extension of the bed where the tumor was located, which similarly favored drainage. The surgical specimen was treated and fixed in 10% formaldehyde and sent to the Pathology Department for histopathological diagnosis. Immediate postoperative medication consisted of intravenous tranexamic acid administration 5 mg/kg; flunixin megluminate 2.2 mg/kg intramuscularly for three days; intravenous metronidazole 15 mg/kg for ten days and a diet of easily digestible pasture.Discussion: Exeresis of surrounding lymph nodes is indicated, associated with treatment of electrochemotherapy, as oncologists have obtained excellent prognosis and survival of dogs and cats with oral neoplasms. This therapeutic modality may allow the treatment of cancers in horses, since the electric pulse increases the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. Tumors of the oral cavity of horses, due to the signs and symptoms manifested, must be diagnosed and treated urgently, clinically and surgically, due to the evolutionary characteristics of these diseases

Indicadores de cobertura vacinal/taxa de abandono nas capitais da região norte do Brasil: um desafio a educação popular em saúde na perspectiva da Atenção Primária / Indicators of vaccination coverage/ dropout rate in the capitals of the northern region of Brazil: a challenge to popular education in health from the perspective of Primary Health Care

Instituído pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS), o Programa Nacional de Imunização (PNI) foi elencado para cumprir os objetivos da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), e controlar principalmente o sarampo, tuberculose, difteria, tétano, coqueluche, poliomielite e manter até então, a já erradicada varíola. Este estudo objetivou-se em discutir sob a perspectiva da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) os desafios da cobertura vacinal nas capitais da região norte do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, descritivo, com abordagens quantiqualitativa. A pesquisa incluiu os 6 milhões de habitantes residentes das sete capitais dos estados que compõem a região norte do país, analisados sob a perspectiva da cobertura vacinal/taxa de abandono. Quanto a cobertura vacinal em relação ao índice populacional, nota-se maior abrangência em Palmas (TO), onde os índices na média comparativa entre os dois anos pesquisados encontraram-se em 74,30% e a maior taxa de abandono vacinal em Macapá (AP), 42,26%. Ressalta-se a importância da educação popular em saúde, principalmente na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), principal porta dos usuários aos serviços disponibilizados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).