13,634 research outputs found
Microscopic theory of vibronic dynamics in linear polyenes
We propose a novel approach to calculate dynamical processes at ultrafast
time scale in molecules in which vibrational and electronic motions are
strongly mixed. The relevant electronic orbitals and their interactions are
described by a Hubbard model, while electron-phonon interaction terms account
for the bond length dependence of the hopping and the change in ionic radii
with valence charge. The latter term plays a crucial role in the non-adiabatic
internal conversion process of the molecule. The time resolved photoelectron
spectra are in good qualitative agreement with experiments.Comment: 3 figures, other comment
Faster annealing schedules for quantum annealing
New annealing schedules for quantum annealing are proposed based on the
adiabatic theorem. These schedules exhibit faster decrease of the excitation
probability than a linear schedule. To derive this conclusion, the asymptotic
form of the excitation probability for quantum annealing is explicitly obtained
in the limit of long annealing time. Its first-order term, which is inversely
proportional to the square of the annealing time, is shown to be determined
only by the information at the initial and final times. Our annealing schedules
make it possible to drop this term, thus leading to a higher order (smaller)
excitation probability. We verify these results by solving numerically the
time-dependent Schrodinger equation for small size systemsComment: 10 pages, 5 figures, minor correction
SiC(0001): a surface Mott-Hubbard insulator
We present ab-initio electronic structure calculations for the Si-terminated
SiC(0001) surface. While local density approximation
(LDA) calculations predict a metallic ground state with a half-filled narrow
band, Coulomb effects, included by the spin-polarized LDA+U method, result in a
magnetic (Mott-Hubbard) insulator with a gap of 1.5 eV, comparable with the
experimental value of 2.0 eV. The calculated value of the inter-site exchange
parameter, J=30K, leads to the prediction of a paramagnetic Mott state, except
at very low temperatures. The observed Si 2p surface core level doublet can
naturally be explained as an on-site exchange splitting.Comment: RevTex, 4 pages, 4 eps-figure
Isothermal and cyclic oxidation at 1000 and 1100 deg C of four nickel-base alloys: NASA-TRW VIA, B-1900, 713C, and 738X
The isothermal and cyclic oxidation resistance of four cast Ni-base gamma + gamma prime alloys, NASA-TRW Via, B-1900, 713C, and 738X, was determined in still air at 1000 and 1100 C. The oxidation process was evaluated by specific sample weight change with time, sample thickness change, X-ray diffraction of the scales, and sample metallography. The behavior is discussed in terms of the Cr, Al, and refractory metal contents of the alloys
"Credit Cycle" in an OLG Economy with Money and Bequest
In the late '90s Kiyotaki and Moore (KM) put forward a new framework (Kiyotaki and Moore,1997) to explore the Financial Accelerator hypothesis. The original model was framed in an Infinitely Lived Agent context (ILA-KM economy). As in KM we develop a dynamic model in which the durable asset ("land") is not only an input but also collateralizable wealth to secure lenders from the risk of borrowers' default. In this paper, however, we model an OLG-KM economy whose novel feature is the role of money as a store of value and of bequest as a vehicle of resources to be "invested" in landholding. The dynamics generated by the model are complex. Not only cyclical patterns are routinely generated but the periodicity and amplitude are irregular. A route to chaotic dynamics is open.
Static friction on the fly: velocity depinning transitions of lubricants in motion
The dragging velocity of a model solid lubricant confined between sliding
periodic substrates exhibits a phase transition between two regimes,
respectively with quantized and with continuous lubricant center-of-mass
velocity. The transition, occurring for increasing external driving force F_ext
acting on the lubricant, displays a large hysteresis, and has the features of
depinning transitions in static friction, only taking place on the fly.
Although different in nature, this phenomenon appears isomorphic to a static
Aubry depinning transition in a Frenkel-Kontorova model, the role of particles
now taken by the moving kinks of the lubricant-substrate interface. We suggest
a possible realization in 2D optical lattice experiments.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, revtex, in print in Phys. Rev. Let
Adiabatic quantum dynamics of the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model
The adiabatic quantum evolution of the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG) model
across its quantum critical point is studied. The dynamics is realized by
linearly switching the transverse field from an initial large value towards
zero and considering different transition rates. We concentrate our attention
on the residual energy after the quench in order to estimate the level of
diabaticity of the evolution. We discuss a Landau-Zener approximation of the
finite size LMG model, that is successful in reproducing the behavior of the
residual energy as function of the transition rate in the most part of the
regimes considered. We also support our description through the analysis of the
entanglement entropy of the evolved state. The system proposed is a paradigm of
infinite-range interaction or high-dimensional models.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures. (v2) minor revisions, published versio
Lubricated friction between incommensurate substrates
This paper is part of a study of the frictional dynamics of a confined solid
lubricant film - modelled as a one-dimensional chain of interacting particles
confined between two ideally incommensurate substrates, one of which is driven
relative to the other through an attached spring moving at constant velocity.
This model system is characterized by three inherent length scales; depending
on the precise choice of incommensurability among them it displays a strikingly
different tribological behavior. Contrary to two length-scale systems such as
the standard Frenkel-Kontorova (FK) model, for large chain stiffness one finds
that here the most favorable (lowest friction) sliding regime is achieved by
chain-substrate incommensurabilities belonging to the class of non-quadratic
irrational numbers (e.g., the spiral mean). The well-known golden mean
(quadratic) incommensurability which slides best in the standard FK model shows
instead higher kinetic-friction values. The underlying reason lies in the
pinning properties of the lattice of solitons formed by the chain with the
substrate having the closest periodicity, with the other slider.Comment: 14 pagine latex - elsart, including 4 figures, submitted to Tribology
Internationa
Convergence of Quantum Annealing with Real-Time Schrodinger Dynamics
Convergence conditions for quantum annealing are derived for optimization
problems represented by the Ising model of a general form. Quantum fluctuations
are introduced as a transverse field and/or transverse ferromagnetic
interactions, and the time evolution follows the real-time Schrodinger
equation. It is shown that the system stays arbitrarily close to the
instantaneous ground state, finally reaching the target optimal state, if the
strength of quantum fluctuations decreases sufficiently slowly, in particular
inversely proportionally to the power of time in the asymptotic region. This is
the same condition as the other implementations of quantum annealing, quantum
Monte Carlo and Green's function Monte Carlo simulations, in spite of the
essential difference in the type of dynamics. The method of analysis is an
application of the adiabatic theorem in conjunction with an estimate of a lower
bound of the energy gap based on the recently proposed idea of Somma et. al.
for the analysis of classical simulated annealing using a classical-quantum
correspondence.Comment: 6 pages, minor correction
Adiabatic quantum dynamics of a random Ising chain across its quantum critical point
We present here our study of the adiabatic quantum dynamics of a random Ising
chain across its quantum critical point. The model investigated is an Ising
chain in a transverse field with disorder present both in the exchange coupling
and in the transverse field. The transverse field term is proportional to a
function which, as in the Kibble-Zurek mechanism, is linearly
reduced to zero in time with a rate , , starting
at from the quantum disordered phase () and ending
at in the classical ferromagnetic phase (). We first analyze
the distribution of the gaps -- occurring at the critical point --
which are relevant for breaking the adiabaticity of the dynamics. We then
present extensive numerical simulations for the residual energy
and density of defects at the end of the annealing, as a function of
the annealing inverse rate . %for different lenghts of the chain. Both
the average and are found to behave
logarithmically for large , but with different exponents, with , and
. We propose a mechanism for
-behavior of based on the Landau-Zener
tunneling theory and on a Fisher's type real-space renormalization group
analysis of the relevant gaps. The model proposed shows therefore a
paradigmatic example of how an adiabatic quantum computation can become very
slow when disorder is at play, even in absence of any source of frustration.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures; v2: added references, published versio
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